Vanhu Vanotaura mubatanidzwa wehurukuro, nyaya, mavara nenziyo dzinoratidza kupokana kukuru munhoroondo yeBritain. Vanhu Vanotaura purojekiti yakatanga kuoneka muUSA, yakabatanidzwa nemunyori wenhoroondo uye muratidziri Howard Zinn naAnthony Arnove. Kutevera kubudirira kwebhuku reUS uye firimu, Arnove akatanga a UK shanduro, achishanda nemutambi Colin Firth uye munyori wenhoroondo David Horspool. Iri bhuku rinotora nhoroondo yeBritain kubva muna 1066 kusvika parizvino, richifukidza makakatanwa akasiyana serepublicanism, kurwisana neChirungu colonialism, suffrage, rudzi, kirasi, kodzero dzevashandi, uye hutano uye kuenzana kwepabonde. Pano Anthony anokurukura zvinangwa zvebhuku, maitiro ekunyora uye chii chinotevera chepurojekiti.
Ndakashamiswa nekubatanidzwa kwaColin Firth mubasa iri. Semutambi akaita zita rake achitamba vatambi vepamusoro - mambo weEngland, Mr Darcy uye gweta rine mukurumbira rekodzero dzevanhu - haaratidzike sesarudzo iri pachena semubatsiri webhuku rinobatanidza manzwi akadzama evanhuwo zvavo. Ko Colin akavanzika wesocialist? Akasvika sei pakuita basa iri?
Vanhu vanowanzoisa vatambi mune rimwe bhokisi. Muchiitiko changu kushanda nevatambi vakati wandei, pamwe chete nevaimbi, havatombokwane mavari zvakanaka. Colin zvechokwadi haadaro.
Ndakasangana naColin paakanga achishanda pagwaro rerusaruraganda, chirango cherufu, uye nyaya yaMumia Abu-Jamal, saka ndaiziva kubva kumisangano yedu yekutanga kuti aive munhu ane chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika, anoziva, uye anofunga.
Nguva diki diki mushure mekunge tasangana, Colin akauya pakuverenga kwakarongwa muNew York kwakavakirwa pabhuku Howard Zinn neni takabatanidza Manzwi eNhoroondo yeVanhu vekuUnited States. The bhuku ndiyo yekutanga sosi inofambidzana nebhuku raHoward A People's History of the United States uye ndiyo muenzaniso weiyo Colin neni tichangobva kuburitsa neCanongate, The People Speak. Colin akauya kune zvimwe zvishoma zvekuverenga uku uye gare gare akaona chinyorwa chaHoward neni takashanda pamwechete, chakanziwo The People Speak.
Howard neni taigara tichitarisira kuti chirongwa cheVoices chaizowedzerwa kune dzimwe nyika, uye mushure Vanhu Vanotaura yakabudiswa muna 2009, takatanga kutaura nevanhu pamusoro pekuita shanduro dzekuverenga kwakarongwa uye documentary, pamwe nebhuku, kune dzimwe nyika. Takabva tangofunga kuenda kuna Colin kuti auye nebasa kuUK. Isu taiziva kuonga kwaColin nezvechirongwa ichi, uye zvakare ndakanga ndanakidzwa nemukana wekutungamira naColin chiitiko paRitzy Brixton umo takaunganidza pamwe manheru ekuverenga manzwi eUS akabatana nedingindira randambotaura, In. Jeri Rangu Hupenyu Hwangu Hwangu Hwangu Hwose, iro rakavhenekwawo husiku ihwohwo. Saka ini naColin takanga tatova nevamwe vatambi vakafarira chirongwa ichi uye vane shungu yekuongorora nhoroondo yeUK kuburikidza neiyi lenzi.
Ndaitofanira kurega Colin achisarudza kuti onyora sei zvematongerwo enyika, asi handifungi kuti pane chakavanzika pamusoro pavo. Akatora maonero eruzhinji pazvinhu zvakawanda, uye akatsigira zvimwe zvakakosha zvikonzero, sezvakaita mumwe wake anoshamisa, Livia Firth.
Unogona here kutsanangura pesvedzero yebasa raHoward Zinn pachirongwa?
HowardBasa rechokwadi ndiro mavambo epurojekiti - uye kurudziro yacho. Howard aiva nepfungwa yebhuku raizounganidza pamwe chete nziyo, hurukuro, nhetembo, tsamba, zvichemo uye mamwe magwaro enhoroondo yevanhu. Uye aivewo nepfungwa yekuverenga kwedu kwekutanga pamberi peruzhinji sarudzo kubva panguva idzi dzinoshamisa munhoroondo yekupokana uye kuratidzira, izvo zvakaitika mukutanga kwe2003 muNew York City, neyakajairwa yakashata, kusanganisira Kurt Vonnegut, Patti Smith, Marisa. Tomei, Danny Glover, naJames Earl Jones. Howard ane ruzivo rwakadzama rwekuita kuti nhoroondo ive mhenyu kuvanhu - uye kuvapa pfungwa yebasa ravo rinoshanda mairi.
Howard akanga asiri oga mune izvi. Basa rake rakafemerwa nevamwe vanyori venhoroondo, hongu, uye zvakare rakafuridzira basa idzva ratinogona kutora pariri bhuku redu Manzwi. Asi basa rake rakapesvedzerwawo zvakanyanya nemafambisirwo aakaona nekutora chikamu mazviri, sekurwira kodzero dzevanhu kwakawanda kwema1960.
Saka, kunyangwe isu takarasikirwa naHoward muna 2010 - Mazano aHoward akazivisa chikamu chese chePeople Speak UK chinyorwa uye bhuku, icho chiri muchikamu chikonzero nei takakumikidza bhuku kwaari.
Pane huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu mubhuku - yekutanga kuburitsa misi kubva ku1066 uye iwe unounza isu kusvika ku2011 - uye ndiri kufungidzira kuti pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvakange zvisingabatanidzwe. Chekutanga, wakafamba sei nezvekutsvaga zvinyorwa?
Hongu, zvinorwadza, taifanira kusiya zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka pauriri hwekamuri yekucheka. Ndinovimba rimwe zuva tinogona kuita kuti mamwe acho awanikwe kuburikidza newebhusaiti yekudzidzisa kana DVD kana zvimwe bhuku rakavandudzwa rine zvimwe zvekuwedzera. Tinoda zvakare kutsvaga nzira yekugadzira firimu ratakagadzirira History Channel muUK inowanikwa kuvanhu. (Iyo DVD yeUS iripo asi iyo UK haisi.)
Takava nerombo rakanaka rekukwanisa kushanda neboka rinotyisa revatambi nevaimbi pamutambo wedu wekutanga weLondon wesarudzo dzeUK, hwaive hwaro hwemutambo. documentary kutepfenyura paHistory Channel. Kuita ikoko kwakatibatsira kudzikisa boka redu rekutanga rekuverenga, kunosvika makumi matanhatu pamwe chete, nepo isu tave nevanopfuura mazana maviri mubhuku rakapera. Chiitiko ichocho chaikosha zvikuru. Hatina kungoona zvidimbu zvakaunzwa kuhupenyu nevamwe vaiti vane tarenda, asi vamwe vevatambi vedu nevaimbi vakaunza mazano matsva ekuverenga muhurukuro uye vakabatsira kuwedzera sarudzo dzedu.
Pakupera kwechikamu ichocho muchirongwa, takanga tichiziva kuti vashoma vekuverenga vakakwanisa kuzviita muvhezheni yeawa imwe yeterevhizheni uye yevamwe isu taida kuita nhandare uye firimu asi takatadza mukati mechikamu che. nerimwe zuva.
Saka Jamie Byng, mubudisi weCanongate, paakataura nesu nezvekudhindisa bhuku, takauona semukana wekuwedzera nharaunda yedu uye kubatanidza mamwe magwaro. Takashandawo nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika David Horspool, uyo akabetsera kuzadza mamwe makwanza, zvikurukuru munguva dzapakuvamba zvikurusa dzatinofukidza, uko iye akaunza mamwe magwaro anofadza zvikuru kungwariro yedu ayo Colin neni takanga tisina kuwana mukunzvera kwedu kwokutanga.
Vanyori vakati wandei, vaongorori, uye vadzidzi vakatipawo zano rakakosha, pakati pavo Mike Maqusee naNeil Davidson.
Zvichitevera, wakasarudza sei zvekuisa nekusasanganisa? Paive nechero nzira yekusarudza here? Semuenzaniso, kune dzimwe dzakaoma-core radials muno dzinokurudzira kushandiswa kwemhirizhonga kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo zvezvematongerwo enyika. Wakamboitisana nharo here kuti usabvisa rudzi irworwo rwezvinhu kana kuti chaive chinhu chinouya?
Maitiro edu akatanga nekusarudza kuverenga kwataifunga kuti kwaishamisa uye kunogona kutaura kune vateereri nhasi.
Takasangana nekuverenga kwakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu zvenhoroondo yevanhu zvainakidza asi, pakupedzisira, zvaive zvakaoma kana kunyorwa kana kutaurwa nemutauro waiita seusina kujeka kuvaverengi vemazuva ano.
Uye isu taida kuverenga, pese pazvaibvira, izvo zvaibuda mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chimwe chinhu chaicho chakanga chiri pangozi kune munhu ari kutaura kana kunyora. Vanhu vemubhuku redu vakasungirirwa, vakadzingwa, vakaiswa mujeri, vachitukwa nokuda kwemashoko nezviito zvavo. Zvimwe zvekuverenga mu Vanhu Vanotaura ndiwo mashoko okupedzisira omunhu ari padanda, achishora kwazvo vaurayi vavo.
Chero nzira yekusarudza munhoroondo inotaura zvinonyatso kuratidza zvishuwo zvemunyori uye zvinonetsa zvemunyori - kana vapepeti, kwatiri. Isu hatiite senge kuti yedu inhoroondo yechinangwa. Isu tinovhura nechiitiko kubva kuMonty Python firimu bato kuratidza izvozvo, asi zvakare nekuti ine chinhu chakapinza chekutaura nezve nyika, kirasi, humambo.
Panyaya yevanhu vanokurudzira mhirizhonga, hatizezi panyaya yekuti nhoroondo yeBritish Isles nehumambo, nyaya yatinoedza kusanganisira, izere nemhirizhonga. Saka, hongu, tine manzwi evanhu vanotaura zvinopesana nechisimba chehurumende, nemasimba ayo ekuuraya uye masimba ayo ekugadzira hondo, uye vamwe vanoti mamwe marudzi echisimba angave akakodzera kupedza mamwe marudzi ekudzvinyirirwa. semugumisiro wezvichaitwa nehurumende nevanhu vane zvinzvimbo kuti vaparadze chero tyisidziro yenzvimbo yavo neropafadzo. Tichine vamwe vari mubhuku vanokakavara kuti nzira dzisina mhirizhonga ndidzo chete dzinogona kubvisa zvimiro zvesimba zvinodzvinyirira. Iyi igakava rekare, uye imwe inoenderera mberi.
Zvinonyanya kufadza kwandiri kupfuura mubvunzo wechisimba uye kusava nechisimba mune abstract ndiyo nyaya ye "radicalism." Izwi rekuti "zvakanyanya" nderimwe rinowanzoshandiswa kudzinga mumwe munhu seanopfuura miganhu yekutaura kunogamuchirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika. Asi ini ndinofunga kuve wakanyanyisa kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya sekusvika pamudzi wedambudziko. Uye mukati mebhuku redu rose unosangana nemanzwi evanhu, vakadai saEmmeline Pankhust, ane maonero aive akakura mumamiriro enguva yake asi zvino ave kuita seane njere. Vanhukadzi vanofanira kuva nekodzero dzekuvhota dzakafanana nedzevarume. Vanhu vakatambudzwa uye vakapfigirwa mujeri nokuda kwokuva nemaonero iwayo. Vakadzi vakawanda vakashanda makore uye havana kumboona kodzero iyoyo ichiitwa muupenyu hwavo.
Muchiitiko mushure mechiitiko, tinoona kuti radicals ndivo vanhu avo, kuburikidza nekushinga kwavo, kutora njodzi, hunyanzvi, vakanyanya kufunga mukuwedzera rusununguko rwatinarwo nhasi - uye vakatipa maturusi akanakisa ekuita chokwadi, kutanga, kuti havana kutorwa, uye, chechipiri, kuti vawane rusununguko rutsva rwevanhu. Pakupedzisira takashanda pabhuku iri nekuti taitarisira kuti raizopa izvo zvakanzi neWelsh socialist Raymond Williams "zviwanikwa zvetariro," mazano kune avo vasingangofariri kuverenga nezvenhoroondo asi mukutora chikamu mukuedza kuzviita.
Ini ndinoda iyi pfungwa ye "zviwanikwa zvetariro". Zvinogona kuodza mwoyo kune radical kuruboshwe kuona masaisai ekuratidzira uyezve kuti iwire pasi zvakare isina kuita zvishoma pane iyo mamiriro. Iwe unosanganisira mamwe mataurirwo achangoburwa achipokana nekudzikiswa kweveruzhinji masevhisi atanga tichisangana nawo muUK. Une tariro here kuti ruboshwe munyika ino (nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi) rinogona kumutsiridzwa uye kupa dambudziko kune neoliberal orthodoxy?
ndine tariro. Muchikamu chakakura chenhoroondo, ndinonzwa nyaya yakasimba inogona kuitwa yekuti kuramba kudzvinyirirwa uye kushandiswa, kure nekuve kukanganisa, kwakadzika midzi mukusangana kwedu kwevanhu pamwe chete. Hazvina mhosva kuti takarovererwa zvakadii nemhando dzakaipa dzeucapitalist uye kukwikwidzana muzvikoro zvedu, vezvenhau, mune mamwe masangano makuru, vanhu vanoumba boka rezvimiro zvinopesana zvachose: kubatana, kuva nehanya nevamwe, kuzvipira, kuzvipira kururamisiro. . Pasi rose tinoona kumukirana, kumwe kwakakosha, kunopesana neoliberal orthodoxy. Uye zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya kuoma kuona kuti nei kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekuita izvo zvichireva kuti tinogona kushanda zvishoma uye kuva nehupenyu hunogutsa hunoreva zvakapesana. Munguva apo kusaenzana kukuru mumari, muutano, mumikana yedzidzo, basa rine revo, uye kutaura kwokusika, kunofanira kuva chisaririra chekare, tinozviona zvichiwedzera. Ndinotenda zvakasimba kuti centre haigone kubata. Shelley aitaura chokwadi paakanyora mu "Masque of Anarchy," yatinosanganisira muunganidzwa wedu, "Imi muri vazhinji, vashoma." Chikamu chevanhu vanobatsirika chaizvo vanoumba kurongeka kwezvinhu zviripo chikamu chidiki uye chidiki. Uye voruzhinji zvikuru vevagari vepasi vakadya vachipengeswa nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo vanogona, kupfurikidza nezviito zvakabatana, kuchinja mhepo.
Wataura kakawanda nezve inoshamisa chikamu cheprojekiti. Bhuku rakaparurwa na kuverengwa nevatambi vane mukurumbira, vanosanganisira Colin Firth, Emily Blunt, Vanessa Redgrave naIan McKellan. Unoona kupesana kupi nokupi mukuita kuti kutaura nenziyo dzevasinganzwi uye vasina simba dziverengwe nevanhu vane chikuva chakakura munzanga yazvino uno?
Ndingaramba izwi rekuti "voiceless." Vanhu ava vaive nezwi zvakanyanya, sezvatinonyora mubhuku rose. Vaigarodzvinyirirwa kana kurerutswa kana kutambudzwa, asi vaive nezwi - raitaura, rine zvarinoreva, remuono wenhoroondo. Saka chirongwa chedu hachizi che "kupa izwi kune vasina kutaura," mutsara unondiita kuti ndinzwe kupera simba pese pandinounzwa. muitiro usiri wohunhu wokubatirira vanhu, zvikurukuru kupiwa chimiro chenguva refu uye chinodenha chebasa ripi neripi nokuda kwechinjo munzanga.) Chikonzero icho vatambi navaimbi vorudzi rwaIan naEmily vanokweverwa kuaya manzwi ndechokuti vanotaurisa zvinoshamisa; uye hurukuro dzatakavakumbira kuti vaverenge dzinotaura zvavanoda uye zvavanoda. Uye kutaura chokwadi vanoita basa rakanaka. .Chipo chekunzwa mashoko aya achitaurwa naIan McKellan kana akaimbwa neThe Unthanks.Asi pane kutsetseka kukuru kwemazwi uye simba pakuanzwa achiverengwa chero pamwe chete chero munhu ane hanya nekuaunza kune imwe nzvimbo yeruzhinji kugoverana nevamwe. Chikamu chezvatinoona chinonyanya kumanikidzira pamusoro pechirongwa ichi ndechekuti inounza vanhu pamwe chete kune ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu munyika umo isu tiri kuwedzera uye tatomisikidzwa uye takaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, uye takagurwa kubva kare.
Ndaida kuziva kuti sei masangano ezvekuenzana pakati pevarume nevakadzi akaunganidzwa pamwechete. Kuenzana kwevanhukadzi uye kuenzana kwevanhu vane hunhu hwakasiyana inyaya mbiri dzakasiyana. Kubatanidza nyaya mbiri idzi pamwe chete kwaiita sendisina basa nazvo. Semuenzaniso, kutaura kwekupedzisira zvakajeka kwevakadzi mubhuku kubva muna 1971, asi feminists vari kushambadzira kusvika nhasi. Nei wakaita sarudzo iyi?
Kuungana kwacho kwaiva kuedza kusina kukwana kubata nenyaya yokuti patakatanga kuronga bhuku racho zvichitevedzana, zvaitotyisa kufunga nezvetariro yekutanga muzana remakore rechi12 uye kutya vanhu vaizonzwa kuneta nepfungwa yokuverenga zvishomanana. zana mapeji ezvinyorwa zvingaite sezvinonetsa. Uye isu taidawo kukanganisa dzidziso yenhoroondo sechinhu chakashata mushure mechimwe. Taida kupa vanhu rezinesi rakawanda rekutsvaga mharadzano pakati pemafambiro, kusvetuka-svetuka mubhuku, uye kugadzira yavo yekubatanidza. Ini handifunge kuti takaita zvisina kunaka kune chero kufamba nekuvaunganidza pamwe chete, asi isu takanga tisingafungi kuvharira chero kufamba kubva kune imwe kana kupa zano kuti mumwe nemumwe akange asina eayo masimba uye simba. Ndinofunga kuti kuverenga kwakatetepa kwechinangwa chedu. Asi sekutaura kunoita Colin munhanganyaya yake, uku hakusiwo kuedza kugadzira kuunganidzwa chaiko kwemanzwi ekupokana. Tingafara kana zvimwe zvakaunganidzwa zvakadaro zvikaburitswa uye mamwe magwaro akaiswa pamberi, akaverengwa, akarongwa, nekukakavadzana.
The US uye UK shanduro dze Vanhu Vanotaura akaitwa madocumentary. Iwe unofungidzira kuti kuchave neshanduro dzebhuku mune dzimwe nyika? Ucharamba uchibatanidzwa here?
Kugadzirwa kwakanakisa kweterevhizheni kwe Vanhu Vanotaura ichangobva kuitika mukati Ositireriya. Tichifunga nezve chinhambwe, hatina kubatanidzwa zvakananga, asi timu yaivepo yakachinja maitiro edu. Ndinovimba kubatanidzwa zvakananga mukugadzirwa kwepamoyo uye zvine hungwaru zvakare vhezheni yeIreland, mutambo muScotland, uye chiitiko chehupenyu chichatorwa terevhizheni muItari. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, takakurukura zvigadzirwa muSouth Africa Spain, Germany, neFrance, asi kusvika pari zvino hapana kana chimwe chazvo chapfuura matanho ekutanga ekutsvaga mari uye kutepfenyura kana vadyidzani vemitambo.
Pakupedzisira, une waunoda mubhuku here?
Hazvibviri chaizvo kusarudza imwe chete. Musoro wangu wandinoda pakuverenga kumwe chete ndewe Richard Overton 1646 kabhuku kanonzi An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny, Kupfurwa kubva muJeri reNewgate kupinda muMatumbu e Prerogative eThe Arbitrary House of Lords, uye Vamwe Vese Vapambi neVadzvinyiriri Chero. Iniwo ndinopindirana kune mamwe emazwi anoshamisa echiIrish, ane hunyanzvi hwekutaura uye kushomeka. Asi zvakangofanana nekubvunza kuti ndeipi rwiyo rwaunofarira Bob Dylan.
Anthony Arnove ndiye munyori we Iraq: Iyo Logic yekubvisa, mhariri we Iraq Under Seige uye The Essential Chomsky, uye coauthor, naHoward Zinn, we Manzwi eNhoroondo yeVanhu vekuUnited States uye Ugandanga neHondo. Ndiye codirector we Vanhu Vanotaura naChris Moore naHoward Zinn.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta