Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, the New York Times yakaratidza kuzvipira kwayo kumhan'arira inopikisa yemitemo yekunze yeUS - zvine hutsinye, zvirinani, mukati memiganhu yegakava rezvematongerwo enyika uye gakava. Muchinyorwa chaZvita 9 kubva 2007, bepa rakatora danho risinga nyadzise rinopokana neBush pamusoro penyaya dzekurwadziswa uye kubhomba. Vapepeti vakaronga kuvimba kweCIA pamvura - iyo yakabvuma kushandisa vasungwa vatatu svondo rapfuura - se "zvisiri pamutemo pasi pemitemo yemubatanidzwa nemakondirakiti epasi rose, kusanganisira maGeneva Conventions ... manejimendi akazvidza mitemo iyi, yakagamuchirwa kuchengetedza vagari vekuAmerica vakatapwa mhiri kwemakungwa, sekunge vafungidziri vakabatwa neveAmerica, kubva mukushungurudzwa zvine hutsinye nevabvunzurudzo. " Uku kurwiswa kwehutongi hweBush kunouya panguva iyo CIA pachayo inobvuma kuparadza mazana emaawa ematepi akarekodha kubvunzurudzwa kweUS kwevasungwa veAl Qaeda.
The New York Times ' kurwiswa kwaBush manejimendi neCIA kunouyawo panguva iyo maDemocrat akakurudzira kudomwa kwaBush - Gweta Guru Michael Mukasey - nekusada kwake kuisa mvura yeboarding sekurwadziswa, uye panguva yehondo pakati peWhite House neCongress pamusoro pekurambidzwa kwemvura munzvimbo. Army Field Manual senzira yekutambudza. Zvakakosha kuziva, zvisinei, kuti bepa rezvinyorwa zvinonetsa kune hutongi hweBush rakatevera kurwisa kweDemocrat kuBush management, kwete kuvatangira. Maitiro akadai ekutsamira panhepfenyuro kune vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika anosimbiswa mune zvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvakapfuura zvichitaura nezvenyaya yekushungurudzwa. In Kana iyo Press Yakundikana: Simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye Nhau Media Kubva kuIraq kuenda kuKatrina, nyanzvi dzezvenhau Lance Bennett, Steven Livingston, naRegina Lawrence vanorondedzera kutsamira kwenhau kuhurumende kuti ive pamutemo yekupikisa. Vanyori vanogumisa kuti "njodzi iri muchikamu chakamanikana cheWashington journalism iri nyore: ruzivo rungave rwakakosha pakunzwisisa uye kuongorora nyaya dziri mumisoro yenyaya inoenda isina kutaurwa kana kushumwa zvinosiririsa, nekuti haina kubvumidzwa nemasimba [ehurumende] ayo fambisa nhau."
VaBennett, Livingston naLawrence vanopokana kuti kuburitswa kwenhau kunovhurika zvikuru kubvunza hurumende kana vamwe vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika pachavo vari ivo vari kupa mhosva. Vanopa muenzaniso waAbu Ghraib, umo vatori venhau vekuAmerica vakaramba vachitsanangura zviitiko zveUS sekurwadziswa chete mushure mekubvuma mhosva nevatungamiriri veUS. Vakaongorora 294 nyaya uye zvinyorwa mu Washington Post kubva muna Ndira kusvika Chikumi 2004, uye vakawana kuti Abu Ghraib aitsanangurwa zvishoma kazhinji semuenzaniso we "kutambudzwa," uye kazhinji nemazwi asina kujeka akadai se "scandal," kana semuenzaniso we "kushungurudzwa" kana "kushungurudzwa." Tsananguro ye "kurwadziswa" yezviito zveUS, zvakadaro, yakangoerekana yawana mari yakawanda mukuburitswa kwenhau, mushure mekunge Senator John McCain atsigira bhiri rinorambidza kushandiswa kwehutsinye uye chirango chisina hunhu kune vasungwa vehondo. Mune 54 nyaya dzakaongororwa mu Post mukupera kwa2005, makumi manomwe nenomwe muzana vakashandisa tsananguro yekurwadzisa, zvichisiyana nekusada kwebepa kuenzanisa izwi iri maererano naAbu Ghraib.
Ini ndawana yakafanana patani yekunyorovera yekubika uye kugadzirisa maererano neCIA yemvura yemuenzaniso muenzaniso. Zvave ruzivo neveruzhinji kubvira pakati pegore ra2004 kuti hutongi hweBush hwakaona kukwira kwemvura senzira inogamuchirwa ye "kubvunzurudza" kwevasungwa. Yakanga iri muna June 2004 kuti Newsweek yakatanga kushuma pane memorandamu yepamutemo kubva kuna John Yoo weHofisi yeLegal Counsel, iyo yakaronga mvura yemvura senzira inogamuchirwa inofanira kushandiswa kune vanonzi vasungwa veAl Qaeda. As Newsweek yakashuma, memo yaYoo "yakakurudzirwa neCIA mibvunzo nezve zvekuita nemusungwa wepamusoro weAl Qaeda, Abu Zubaydah, akange achinja kusashanda." Mutungamiri Bush vakasangana nevaimbove Gweta Guru Alberto Gonzales, pamwe neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri Dick Cheney nevakuru vaviri veDhipatimendi reDziviriro, vachibvumirana kuti kuvharira mvura ndeimwe yenzira dzakawanda dzinogamuchirwa dzekubvunzurudza. Inotevera NBC Chirevo kubva ku2005 chakasimbisa zvirevo zvevaimbove vakuru veCIA kuti sangano rakange rapinda mumvura kakawanda.
Zviripachena, kubvunzurudzwa kweSeneti Democrats kune Attorney General MuKasey (mukupera kwa2007) yanga isiri nguva yekutanga mubvunzo wemvura wakabuda mumapepanhau. Saizvozvowo, kuedza kweDemocrats muna 2008 kurambidza kukwira kwemvura muArmy Field Manual yakatevera makore ekutaura nezverutsigiro rweUS, uye kushandisa, waterboarding. Asi vezvenhau vakanyatsotaura sei waterboarding mumakore mashoma apfuura? Yakanga yakazvimiririra kubva kukunyengetedzwa kwehurumende kana propaganda, kana kupesvedzerwa zvakanyanya neruzivo rwenhema uye spin? Ongororo yekuvhara mu New York Times kubva muna 2004 kusvika muna 2008 zvinoratidza kuti vatori venhau nevapepeti vepepanhau vakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya negakava repamutemo muWashington, pane kuramba vakazvimirira pagakava iroro.
Pasinei nekutanga Newsweek uye NBC zvakazarurwa nezve US waterboarding, iyo Times yakangoisa nyaya imwe chete pamusoro wenyaya muna 2004, uye gumi chete nyaya, op-eds, kana edhita muna 2005. 2006 haina kumbofamba zvakanaka, sezvo bepa rakataura nyaya pfumbamwe chete, op-eds, kana zvinyorwa pamusoro penyaya yemvura. Kutariswa kwakachinja zvakanyanya, zvakadaro, muna 2007, zvichienderana nekubvunza kwaMukasey pamberi peSeneti. The Times yakaisa nyaya makumi matanhatu nembiri, op-eds, kana zvinyorwa pawaterboarding gore iroro, zvinopeta katatu kupfuura zvakadhindwa muna 62, 2004, uye 2005 zvakabatanidzwa. Kutarisa kwebepa kumvura mumavhiki mashanu ekutanga a2008 chete - panguva yeCongress 'yekuyedza kurambidza tsika iyi - yakaenzana negore rose ra2006. The New York Times' kuumbwa kwekusava pamutemo kwemvura kunoiswa zvematongerwo enyika zvakaenzana. Ongororo yenyaya dzebepa, zvinyorwa, uye op-eds kubva 2004 kusvika 2008 inoratidza kuti tsananguro yekusatenderwa yakashandiswa kamwe chete kubva muna 2004 kusvika 2006, kunyangwe yakagamuchirwa kanopfuura ka30 muna 2007 na2008, apo hurumende inokakavara pamusoro pemvura yakasvika. kureba kwayo.
Nyanzvi munyaya dzezvenhau, Howard Friel naRichard Falk, vanopokana kuti nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu dzine chekuita nemutemo wepasi rose dzave nezvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya mumapepanhau enyika. Nezvei New York Times, vanoti bepa racho "rine mhosva yekufuratira mitemo yepasi rose kana ichipokana nemutemo weUS kunze kwenyika uye kuvimba nechiremera chayo kana ichitsigira zvinzvimbo zvepamutemo zvakatorwa muWashington." Mhedziso dzaFriel naFalk dzakakosha kana uchiongorora Times' kuzivisa nezve waterboarding. Mhosva dzekukwira mvura sedzisiri pamutemo pasi pemutemo wenyika nedzepasirese dzakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya panguva iyo maDemocrat aida kutora nyaya iyi, vachipokana nehutongi hwaBush, Attorney General Michael Mukasey, uye maRepublicans muCongress. Media kurwisa hutongi hweBush hwekugezera mvura kunotyisa chaizvo, asi chete munguva uye mushure meDemocratic kupikisa kuMutungamiri. Avo vanoshora vezvenhau kuti โvanopikisa Americaโ kana kuti โvanonyanyotsoropodzaโ masangano ezvematongerwo enyika vanofanira kuchengeta chokwadi ichi mupfungwa, sezvo gakava remvura rinoratidza zvakajeka miganhu yerusununguko rwenhau kubva kuhurumende.
Anthony DiMaggio akadzidzisa Middle East Politics uye Hurumende yeAmerica kuIllinois State University. Bhuku rake, Mass Media, Mass Propaganda: Kunzwisisa Nhau mu "Hondo Yehugandanga," ichabuda muna Kubvumbi. Anogona kuwanikwa pa: [email inodzivirirwa]
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