Achitarira shure pauduku muTrinidad, CLR James akazviti “muPuritan muduku.” Mhuri yake, jet-black vazukuru vevaranda, vakazvitakura vane chiremerera chakanyanya. Baba vake, mudzidzisi wechikoro, akapfeka sutu netayi, amai vake navatete vake vanoremekedzwa, vachipfeka nesimba chairo rokuenda kuchechi, ndiko kuti, “C waE.” Kufanana nemamwe maEpiscopalians emakoloni, vasvika pazera ranonoka kuti vayeuke huranda muna sekuru nasekuru asiwo kupfeka, kutaura, kunakidzwa nemabhuku nemimhanzi uye ivo pachavo kutamba nenzira yemazuva ano, yekutanga yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, vanaJames vaive netsika yechitendero kana chitendero chetsika pakati pehupenyu hwavo.
Kuna “Nello,” chidimbu chaakapiwa naamai vaikurudzira, tsika dzakaiswa muChechi dzakamubvumira kuramba rusarura kana rusarura. Ava vaivapo asi vaisamudzivisa. Pashure pokunge asvika kuyaruka, musimboti worudzidziso wakaderera, asi bumbiro retsika rakaramba riripo. Uye pakanga pane chimwe chinhu.
Muna 1960 nhevedzano yehurukuro paraibhurari yavose muPort of Spain, Trinidad, uko James akanga ambogara patsva pakudanwa kweaichimbova mudzidzi wake uye nokukurumidza mutungamiriri wehurumende, Eric Williams, James akatsanangura. Nyika yake yenhoroondo yakatanga neGreece, yekutanga democracy, uzivi uye mutambo (kusanganisira mitambo), asi akaenda kuRoma nemakoloni. Imomo, Mutsvene Johane wemuBhaibheri akanga afanotaura, mune “zvakazarurwa” zvisinganzwisisike, mafambiro eKupunzika kweHumambo. “Iye akanga ari muJudha ane nyika yaitongwa navaRoma; uye akanga ari anti-imperialist uye anti-colonilist. " Mumapeji akajeka eBhaibheri, muPuritan wekare akakurudzira, akaisa fungidziro yeKupunzika kwehumambo hwemazuva ano, kunyanya British neAmerica. Kwakanga kusiri kurwisana neumambo hwoga, asi “simba rechiono chake, kubata kwake zvinhu zvinokosha, uye ukama hwake hwehama, pasinei zvapo nechimiro chake chechienzi chaakashandisa, nevazivi vakuru vakadai saPlato kana kuti Aristotle.” Chirevo chinoshamisa: James akaverenga Zvakazarurwa sedetembo renhoroondo.
ChiKristu, akasimbirira kakawanda, chakanga chave chiri pakuvamba kwacho rudzidziso runopandukira urwo rwakapikira vateveri varwo kuenzana pashure porufu. Vanyori venhoroondo dzenguva pfupi yapfuura vave vachirwadziwa kuona vaKristu vakapfuma vasina kumborasa nguva vachishandisa chitendero chitsva senzira yokunyaradza varanda vakanga vasingazorori. Asi humbowo uhu hahusi humbowo hwechiitiko chikuru. ChiKristu chakasvika pakati peHumambo uye chakamedzwa neHumambo, asi kwete pasina gadziridzo huru.
Kuna James, the Victorian Englishman (ndiko kwaive kudzidziswa kwake, naThackeray's Vanity Fair yake yekutanga yekunyora chinyorwa kune zvisinganzwisisiki zveboka rekirasi), kumukira kwekirasi muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe England yakanga yave yakasimba munzanga yemazuva ano. Chimwe chinhu senge bourgeoisie chakasundira parutivi maRoyals. Asi kwete pasina chitendero—zvakasiyana-siyana zvechiKristu, pakati pemufananidzo. MaKatorike (korona) vachipesana nePresbyterian (vakuru) vakaitirana nharo mumashoko ezvidzidzo zvoumwari kurwisana kweboka kuri kubuda. Cromwell's New Model Army, achigadzika zvisingaite maLeveller uye kunyangwe maDigger, akaunza kumwe kusimba kwedemocracy pamusoro. Vatungamiriri veLevel Party, kusanganisira mutori wenhau ane chimurenga, Richard Overton, vakapa shanduro dzekutanga dzezvaizove nharo dzedemokrasi. Idzi dzakanga dziri nharo dzechiKristu uye dzaisagona kuva neimwe nzira.
Chitendero chakapa chimiro uye chimiro chekunzwisisa nyika uye kukunda nzanga yekirasi. James ainge anyatsotaura zvake A Nhoroondo ye Negro Revolt (1938), tichitarisa kumukirana kwemaimperialist emuAfrica ayo angangotora chimiro chepfungwa dzechitendero dzinoita sechienzi (kunyangwe vateveri veSalvation Army) asi dzaive dzezvematongerwo enyika kusvika pakati. Kutadza kunzwisisa mafungiro echitendero kwaizova nengozi, kutadza kuona mafungiro ezvamatongerwe enyika pasi kwaizova kuuraya.
ChiKristu, icho chaJakobho chakaparadzana kare nechechi, chakakarakadza kana icho chisina kudoma kana kudzoreredza kutsvaka rusununguko. Hazvina mhosva kuti kuda uku kwakatsveyamiswa kwenguva yakareba sei kana kubudirira. Uye rusununguko, kwete pfuma yokunyama, rwakanga rwave rwuri fungidziro yomunhu inosunda nhau mberi, pasinei zvapo nezvose. Zvimwe zvitendero zvaiva nezvakawanda zvokupa, zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka. Asi kuna Jakobho, chiKristu chakanga chiri musimboti wenhau yokuMadokero—uye nhoroondo yenhapwa; zvakadaro, Black American Christianity inozviwana pachayo pamharadzano. Kusimuka kwevhangeri rakachatiswa kune tsananguro dzemakomborero ekuropafadzwa kwakapinda mumakereke mazhinji evatema kumigumisiro ine njodzi.
Muzvidzidzo zvouMwari zvebudiriro, pfungwa yekusunungurwa kwevanhu kubva mukudzvinyirirwa kwevanhu yakasanganiswa nepfungwa dzecapitalist yekugadzira hupfumi hwemunhu. Somugumisiro, kusunungurwa zvino kunoreva kuwana pfuma uye chinzvimbo munzanga—asi izvi hazvisi zvitsva.
Mumakore ekuma1970 nema1980, Kenneth Copeland, Frederick Price, naKenneth Hagin vakashandisa chikuva chaikura chekuparidza parunhare kushambadza pfungwa ine dambudziko revhangeri. Parizvino, vaparidzi vakaita sa T.D. Jakes, Joel Osteen, naCreflo Dollar vanotaura vhezheni yeevhangeri yebudiriro yakavakirwa pakare, yekuzvibatsira hermeneutic kumamiriyoni evanhu.
Apo vanhu vanodzvinyirirwa vanoudzwa kuti Mwari anoda kuti ‘varopafadzwe uye vanzwirwe nyasha zvikuru’ kana kuti vanofanira ku“tora izvo dhiabhorosi zvaakaba kwavari,” ivo vari kudyiswa mufungo wokuti mhindu yecapitalist ndiyo vavariro youpenyu hworudzidziso. Nyasha dzinoyerwa nehukuru hweakaundi yebhangi yemunhu, uye kutenda kunotemwa nekugona kwemunhu kuwana kugarika kwezvisikwa. Creflo Dollar yaenda kusvika pakutaura kuti nzira chete iyo munhu anogona kuva nesimba muAmerica kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvehupfumi, uye ndicho chikamu chechikonzero nei aida jet itsva yemamiriyoni emadhora. (Mwari vangasafara zviri pachena kana muparidzi akabhururutsa murairidzi.)
Zviuru zvevaparidzi vechitema zvakaona kubudirira kwemhando iyi yekuparidza, uye vakapesvedzerwa neshoko rayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, makereke evatema mazhinji akasungirirwa pakunzwisisa kuropafadzwa uye kusunungurwa kwakavakirwa mukubudirira kwemunhu zvekuti vanonetsekana nekukurudzira mubatanidzwa wemagariro. PaSvondo chero ipi zvayo, vhezheni yevhangeri rebudiriro inoparidzwa kubva kumazana emapurupiti evatema. Kusabatwa zvakanaka kwevhangeri uku kunotadzisa maKristu mazhinji evatema kufunga zvine pundutso pamusoro perusununguko rwemagariro evanhu.
James akaramba achitsoropodza chiKristu, asi, zvisinei, akaona kugona kwekuchinja kwacho. Paairondedzera nezvemusangano wakaitwa naMartin Luther King, Jr. mutsamba, akanyora achibvumira kuti kuparidza kwake “kwaisimbisa nguva dzose evhangeri yenzanga, ndiko kuti kuparidza nokusimbisa kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu enzanga, uye kwete. nechisimbiso paruponeso rwomunhu oga.”
Makereke evatema anofanirwa kunzvenga pfungwa dzeevhangeri dzakasimbiswa nevachena veSouthern Baptists uye kuona basa munharaunda rinotaura nezvezvivi zvevanhu semucherechedzo weevhangeri yemagariro. Umudzimu hwomunhu mumwe nomumwe hausati uchizotisunungura mudzvinyiriro yenzanga—chechi inofanira kuita basa iroro kupfurikidza nokureverera mitemo uye kuratidzira mumigwagwa.
CLR James, kunyange asiri muKristu, ane zvakawanda zvekudzidzisa Black American Christian Church nhasi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta