(Santiago, Chile) - Pashure pe5th yaAugust, kwemazuva 17 nyika yose yakanyarara, ichikarira kuti vashandi vomumugodhi 33 vakavharirwa mumugodhi weSan José vaizowanwa, ndokuwanwa vari vapenyu. Hapana chaiva chokwadi. Sezvo zvibhorani zvekuyedza zvakawedzera, kutyisa kwakawedzera panhau dzinonyadzisa dzakabuda, zuva nezuva, dzekuregeredza kwematsotsi kwakakonzera njodzi. Nokuti iyi yakanga isiri tsaona, yakanga iri ngwavaira yakamirira kuitika.
Iye zvino vose vanunurwa, vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, uye kubudiswa kwenhau kwakanga kuri kwemhando duku zvikuru. Mutungamiri Sebastián Piñera anga aine zuva remumunda, nerombo rakanaka anga aripo kuti akwazisane nevarume ava vasati vaenda kurwendo rwekuEurope, uye hurumende yavo yakanzvenga mhosva yekunyomba, pamwe nehuwori, kushaikwa kwekutonga kwemugodhi uyu une njodzi.
Kusununguka kwakaita varume vacho pavakawanikwa vari vapenyu kwaishamisa. Nekukurumidza, zviwanikwa zvakaunganidzwa kuti zvigadzirise kutaurirana, uye zvinhu zvakanaka zvekudya, mvura yakachena uye mazano, kuburikidza ne15cm. dhayamita chibhorani. Vatsinhiri veTV, uye purezidhendi wenyika, vakataura mashoko okunyomba, okuzvidza pamusoro pokuchinja kwavarume 33 mumugodhi weSan José. Kunetsekana kuti vaigona kunge vapinda mukusakendenga, kana kuti 'vakapararira', kwakaratidza kushaikwa kwakakwana kweruzivo rweboka revashandi (kunyanya kwevacheri vemigodhi vepasi pevhu, vanovimbana zuva nezuva kuti vararame).
Kunyange zvazvo uyu mugodhi sezviri pachena une ngozi wakanga une chitsama chakawanda chavashandi, ivo zvamazvirokwazvo vakazvironga vamene, vachidya mugove muduku wezvokudya maawa 48 ari ose, zvokuti wakatora mazuva 12, mumamiriro ezvinhu anonyorova, anopisa.
Pakusangana, mubvunzo wavo wekutanga waive weumwe wevanhu vaive vabva nerori-yakatakura zvicherwa denga rekutanga kudonha. Akabuda nenguva, uye varume vakanga vabatwa vakafara zvikuru pavakanzwa izvi.
Rondedzero yezvinonyadzisa yakarebesa kupa zvizere, asi iwo makuru ndeaya:
* Kambani inobatanidzwa, yakakura 'yepakati', yakaita tsaona dzakawanda mumigodhi mitatu yayakashanda munzvimbo iyi, kutanga muna 2001. Dzinosanganisira nzufu 3, 2 mumugodhi weSan José pachawo unowirwa nekuputika kwematombo, kwete denga chete rinodonha.
*Vaviri vemigodhi vakarasikirwa nemakumbo, mumwe musi wa3 Chikunguru gore rino. Dombo rakakura semota rakadonha, uye mushandi wemugodhi anozviti 'ane rombo rakanaka' nekuti haana kuurayiwa. Basa rakambomiswa kwemazuva mashoma mushure menjodzi iyi asi bazi rezvehutano renzvimbo iyi rakabvumidza basa kuti ritangezve. Boka reLabour Inspectorate rakashuma musi wa9 Chikunguru, asi Minister vanoti rondedzero yavo yakaitwa musi wa6 Nyamavhuvhu chete, zuva rakatevera njodzi.
*Safety Consultant anoshandiswa nemugodhi uyu akasiya basa mwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, mukushushikana nekutyorwa kwemitemo yekuchengetedza. Vakataura nezvemabhaudhi edenga aifanira kunge akareba mamita matatu, aine 6 metres spacing asi aingove 3 metres kureba uye aine 1 metres spacing uye pasina mesh yedenga, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
* Bato rekuongorora rehurumende, SERNAGEOMIN (National Service of Geology and Mining), yakavhara mugodhi wacho kaviri, zvishoma muna 2006, uye, mushure menjodzi yakaipisisa muna 2007, zvechokwadi. Aimbova Regional Director webasa akataura kuti mugodhi "haufanire kuvhurwazve" nekuda kwekuputika kusingadzoreki kwedombo kwakakonzera kufa.
* Mushure mekunge asiya chigaro (nei? isu hatizive), mutevedzeri weMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri webasa (chete munzvimbo iyoyo kwemavhiki maviri, mukuru wake asipo) akapa mvumo yekuvhurazve mugodhi muna Chivabvu 2. Akazviita. izvi *asina kuverenga mareports pamugodhi*, nekuti vakuru vake vakamuudza kuti aite!! Mvumo iyi yakapihwa zvine zvirevo, mushure mekunge varidzi vapa zvisungo zvekuvandudza mhepo, magedhi uye *nzira dzekutiza*. Zvisungo izvi hazvina kumboitwa, uye hapana ongororo yakaitwa kuti zvionekwe.
* SERNAGEOMIN haisi kunyanya kuongorora kuchengetedza. Yakapihwa basa rekuchengetedza, kubvisa maLabour Inspectors vanoshanda mune mamwe maindasitiri, pasi pehudzvanyiriri hwaPinochet. Iine vaongorori gumi nevatanhatu ve16 migodhi, uye 8,000 chete kune zviuru zviviri munharaunda iyi yerenje Atacama.
* Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ekubvumidza kuvhurwazve kwemugodhi muna 2008 akataurwa asi zvakawanda hazvisati zvabuda.
* Varidzi vacho vakavimbisa kukwidza shaft yokupinza mhepo (iyo yakafanana nechimuni hombe) asi havana kumboita kudaro. Vacheri vakavharirwa vangadai vakakwira kunze, mumaawa makumi mana nemasere ekutanga, asi vaive vasina manera ekuita kudaro. Iyi shaft zvino yakavharwa, sezvakaita mugero mukuru, nechidimbu chedombo chakakura senhandare yenhabvu uye anenge mamita 48 kureba.
* Varidzi vamwe chete ava vakapihwa mubairo muna 2004 nekuda kwe "Contribution to Mining" neNational Society of Mine Owners, SONAMI.
Zvikamu zvezvematongerwo enyika zvehurongwa hwekununura zvave zvakakura kuhurumende; Piñera akashanya kakawanda, uye Makurukota eMigodhi Lawrence Golborne (aimbove maneja wesupamaketi) uye Hutano, Mañalich vanga vari vashanyi vanowanzo. Nhau dzekutanga kuonana dzakanonoka kusvika Piñera asvika kuzozvipa, achiishandura kuita nhepfenyuro yenhau. Akavimbisa kuranga chero mapato ane mhosva, uye akadzinga vatatu vakuru veSERNAGEOMIN, kusanganisira mutungamiriri wayo. Vakadomawo komisheni yekukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi, asi pasina nhengo dzesangano revashandi. Yakaumbwa ne 'nyanzvi', dzakawanda dzine hukama hwakasimba kumasangano evashandirwi, hatingatarisiri chero zvinodzora zvinokanganisa 'zvakawandisa' nechinangwa chikuru chepurofiti.
Minister of Interior has now said that there will no more tsaona nekuda kwe safety standards inoteererwa! Tinogona chete kutarisira kuti zvichave zvakadaro.
*Varidzi*
Mugodhi uyu waive wemumwe mutorwa wekuHungary kwemakore akawanda, uye mwanakomana wake pari zvino ndiye muridzi wawo pamwe neMukuru Mukuru. Ivo vese vanogara muSantiago, 550 mamaira kure asi 'Maneja' anoda kushanyira kamwe pasvondo, kazhinji. Aimbova maneja weUnilever (zviri pachena kuti anozivikanwa muBritain se'Unilever bastard') anozivikanwa nekuda kwekuzvikudza kwake, uye kusaziva nezvemigodhi kana kuchengetedza mitemo. Haana kumbobvira ataura nemutungamiri wesangano revashandi, kana chero wevashandi. Mumwe muridzi anoonekwa zvichida kamwe chete mavhiki maviri oga oga; akanga atora chigaro chekumashure kubvira pakagadzwa maneja makore mashoma apfuura. Ivo vanoramba kuita chipi nechipi chakaipa, chorudzi rwupi norwupi, uye pane ufakazi hwokuti vari kuedza kutamisa mari kunze kwenyika, kana kuti kuvamwe vanhu, kudzivisa kubhadhara muripo.
Vakanga vasina kuita mari yepenjeni kana yeinishuwarenzi yehutano kuvashandi kwemwedzi yakati wandei njodzi isati yaitika, asi Alejandro Bohn, 'Maneja' akawedzera mari mukambani yake yekudyara nemari inodarika 500,000 mapaundi muna Ndira gore rino[1].
Zvichakadaro, kuti vakwezve vashandi kumugodhi uyu une ngozi, vaipiwa mari isingasviki 600 pounds pamwedzi paavhareji. Mutengo wekurarama zvimwe uri hafu yezvauri muBritain asi ichi chichiri chidimbu chebasa rine huruva, rine ngozi. Vashandi vakawanda, kunyange zvakadaro, vanobhadharwa pondo 130 pamwedzi, muhoro wepasi, uye kunyange vashandi vane unyanzvi vanowanzowana mazana matatu kana mana chete. Izvi zvinoratidza kirasi misiyano mikuru muChile.
kuchera
Migodhi, inenge yese migodhi yemhangura, inongotora 11% chete yeGDP asi 49% yezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika[2]. Chile inogadzira 35% yehuwandu hwepasi rose kugadzirwa kwemhangura.
Pahuwandu hwevanhu vane mamirioni gumi nematanhatu, uye huwandu hwevashandi vanosvika 16 miriyoni, zviuru mazana maviri chete vanoshanda mumigodhi, vazhinji vacho mumigodhi mikuru yakavhurika. Pamigodhi mina mikuru inoumba kambani yecopper yenyika, CODELCO, imwe chete iri pasi pevhu.
Sezvo madhipoziti makuru matsva emhangura akapihwa kune vanotengesera kunze kwenyika, CODELCO ikozvino inongogadzira zvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana zvemhangura, uye nemitengo yakakwira ichangoburwa, BHP Billiton, Anglo-American, Xstrata neRio Tinto vakaita purofiti yakawanda muna 30 uye muna 2007. 2008 kupfuura mari yavo yese. Mitemo yekuchengetedza inofanirwa kunge iri nani mumigodhi mikuru asi chirevo che27 Nyamavhuvhu chinoisa kusahadzika pane izvi. Mugodhi wegoridhe wePascua Lama wanetsa zvikuru [3] nguva pfupi yadarika wakatanga kumusoro kuAndes, uri weCanada transnational Barrick. .
*Masangano evashandi*
Trade Unions muChile inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa pakambani, saka kazhinji idiki. Sangano redunhu uye renyika rinofanirwa kuve nenzira yemubatanidzwa. Bato diki rekambani iyi rakatanga kuita nezvekuchengetedza muna 2004, richiendesa 'dziviriro yemutemo' kumatare edzimhosva, richida kuti migodhi yose ivharwe zvachose. Hapana mhedzisiro. Tsamba nhanhatu dzakatumirwa kuzviremera zvakasiyana-siyana. Hapana Chiito.
Sechinyakare, vashandi vemumigodhi yemhangura ndivo vaive 'Labor aristocracy' yekuChile, vaibhadharwa zvakanyanya uye vaine mabhenefiti. MuCODELCO dzidziso yemadzibaba inoenderera mberi asi hurumende itsva 'yemaneja' yakadoma maneja kubva kuBHP Billiton, kambani huru yemigodhi pasi rose, kuti azununguse uye kuderedza mitengo. Zvinonetsekana ndezvekuti anozozvigadzirira kuti zvigone privatization yakazara kana chikamu. Mabhenefiti evashandi ndiwo anonyanya kunangwa.
Makambani makuru ese emigodhi, kusanganisira CODELCO, akashandisa nzira ye'divide and rule' kune vashandi, ine vashandi vanoshandirwa zvakananga uye vane zvibvumirano zvechigarire, uye nhamba huru yevashandi vane makondirakiti, vachitambira mihoro yakaderera.
Saka kune masangano maviri makuru emubatanidzwa wevashandi; imwe yevashandi 'vakakosha' muCODELCO, zvino vakatarisana nehondo dzekuchengetedza mihoro yavo nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye mubatanidzwa uchangobva kuumbwa wevashandi vane makondirakiti. Izvi nehutungamiriri hwechikomunisiti Cristian Cuevas, vakaita mishandirapamwe yakaoma mumakore matatu apfuura kuti vawedzere mihoro uye vaedze kumanikidza makambani akaita seCODELCO, BHP, Anglo-American, Rio Tinto nezvimwewo kuti vatore basa revashandi vevadiki-makondirakiti uye chengetedza kuti vashandiswe pamamiriro akafanana. Hurumende yekupedzisira neparamende yakazopasisa mutemo waifanirwa kunge waona izvi. Kusvika pari zvino, zvishoma zvachinja uye kunetsa kwakawanda kuchave kuchidikanwa kuti uzvisimbise.
Muna Chivabvu gore rino vashandi vepamugodhi vakarova mugodhi mukuru wakazvimirira, Collahuasi, muAndes pedyo neIquique. Mapurisa, nemimwe mishumo inoti, mauto, akatumirwa nendege yemauto yeHercules kuti ivadzinge kubva mukamba yavo yemugodhi yavakanga vatora, uye mazana mashanu akadzingwa. Pane chimwe chiratidziro chemabasa chichangobva kuitwa muSantiago, mumwe maneja akazivisa pachena kuti vakanga vane nzvimbo 500!
*Safety*
Muna 2009 kwakaitika tsaona dzepabasa dzakarekodhwa 191,000 443 uye 285 vakafa, zvichienzaniswa nemhondi XNUMX (idzo, kusiyana nedzaimbova, dzinogara dziri munhau dzeTV). Saka gore rega rega kufa kune chekuita nebasa kwakafanana nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwaFebruary uye tsunami.
373 miners vakafa mutsaona mumakore gumi apfuura, uye 31 kusvika zvino gore rino. Nhamba yekufa yadonha kubva ku0.5% (!) mu'80s kusvika 0.1% muna 2009. Muna 2002, Mutungamiri weSONAMI uyo akapa mubairo kune varidzi veSan José akati: "Basa rinoda kudzorwa uye rusununguko rwakawanda ... .".
Kuchiwedzera kukara 'kwenguva dzose' kwevashandirwi (uye 'kuzvidzwa' kwevashandi vavo kunoratidzwa nevashandirwi vavo muChile), chimwe chinhu chinoderedza mipimo yokuchengeteka ipfungwa: Kunyange gurukota rehurumende rakataura nezvokushamiswa 'nekunyanya' kunetseka pamusoro pekuchengeteka. akawana muUSA. "Ndinosiira basa ngirozi yangu yekuchengeta" akadaro. Munyika umo kudavira mashura kwakawanda kwechikatorike kunoziviswa zvikuru munhepfenyuro, zvine migumisiro pamativi ose enzanga. Paitotaurwa zvekuwana varimugodhi iri 'mashura'. Sekutenda kwake, bhishopi womuCopiapó akaramba izvi, uye akadzokorora kutsoropodza kwakasimba kwaakanga aita kuvashandirwi.
Slogan inoti 'People Before Profits' inowanzoita seyakajeka, isinganzwisisike. Heino nyaya yekushungurudzwa kuri pachena kwehupenyu hwevanhu kuitira purofiti, inogoneka chete mutsika umo 'bhizinesi remahara' uye 'kugadzirwa kwemabasa (chero mutengo)' zvinouya pamberi pezvimwe zvese. Mashoko akanaka ndeokuti, pasinei nevezvenhau vachipenda Piñera semutsvene nokuda kwebasa rake rakanaka mukununura vashandi vemigodhi, vanhu havasi kutenga. Muchikamu chega chega chenzanga vanhu vanoziva kuti hurumende yevanamuzvinabhizimusi iyi haisi kuzovabatsira, uye vari kutanga kurwisa kwemarudzi ese. Panguva imwe cheteyo nevacheri vemigodhi, 34 verudzi rweMapuches vakahwina zvibvumirano zvikuru mukurwira ivhu nekodzero, mushure mekuramwa kwavo nzara. Masangano evashandi muhurumende neakazvimirira oga, kusanganisira vanogadzira salmon kumaodzanyemba, vari kutora matanho.
Dan Morgan, Santiago, Chile, Gumiguru 2010.
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[1] Vapfumi muChile vanowanzove nekambani yavo, iyo mihoro yavo inobhadharwa. Nokudaro vanobatwa sekambani, uye kwete munhu, uye vanogona kudzivisa kubhadhara mutero wakawanda. Zvavanobhadhara zviri pa17%.
[2] Exports 38,000 mm (miriyoni) USD muna 2008, iyo 36,000 mm yaive yemhangura uye ne-zvigadzirwa. Zvose zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvinhu nemasevhisi zvaive 77,000 mm USD.
[3] Ichaparadza 2 mazaya echando, asi madiki chete, saka nei uchinetseka? Zvakare, inozongoburitsa kusvibiswa kwakakomba ne arsenic, cyanide uye/kana mercury, inoshandiswa mukuchera goridhe, yerwizi runoshandiswa kune zvese zvinangwa nenharaunda dzekurima mumupata mumwe.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta