Rev. Daniel Berrigan, murwiri ane mukurumbira anopesana nehondo, mudetembi akahwina mubairo, munyori uye mupristi wechiJesuit, akakurudzira kupikisa zvechitendero kuhondo yeVietnam uye gare gare indasitiri yezvombo zvenyukireya yeU.S., akafa aine makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, svondo rimwe chete achinyara 94 yake.th bhavhdhe.
Akafa nezvikonzero zvechisikigo pachipatara cheJesuit paMurray-Weigel Hall muBronx. Ndakanga ndamushanyira svondo rapfuura. Ave nenguva yakareba ari mukuderera kwehutano.
Dan Berrigan akaburitsa anopfuura makumi mashanu emabhuku enhetembo, zvinyorwa, majenari netsanangudzo dzemagwaro, pamwe nemutambo wakahwina mubairo, "The Trial of the Catonsville Nine," muhupenyu hwake hunoshamisa, asi ainyanya kuzivikanwa nekupisa mafaira ekunyora nenapalm yakagadzirwa kumba. pamwe chete nomununโuna wake Philip nevamwe vasere pana May 17, 1968, muCatonsville, Maryland, vachitanga kuratidzira kwakapararira kwenyika yose mukurwisana nehondo yeVietnam, kubatanidza kushorwa kwakawedzerwa kunobva kunzanga dzezvitendero. Akanga ari muprista wekutanga weU.S. akambosungwa achipikisa hondo, pakukurudzira nyika kurwisana nehondo yeVietnam paPentagon muna Gumiguru, 1967. Akasungwa kane mazana kubva ipapo achipikisa hondo nezvombo zvenyukireya, akapedza makore maviri ake. hupenyu mujeri, uye akasarudzwa kakawanda kuti ave mubairo weNobel Peace Prize.
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Daniel Berrigan akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 9, 1921 muVirginia, Minnesota, wechishanu pavatanhatu vakomana kuna Thomas naFrieda Berrigan. Mhuri yake yakazotamira kuSyracuse, New York, uko vakomana vakakurira vachienda kuzvikoro zvegiredhi reKatorike. Apedza chikoro chesekondari, Berrigan akanyorera kuSosaiti yaJesu, sangano rorudzidziso reKaturike rinozivikanwa seโVaJesuit.โ Akapinda muJesuit novitiate paSt. Andrew-on-the-Hudson, pedyo nePoughkeepsie, New York muna Nyamavhuvhu, 1939.
Nevaaidzidza navo, akaita Zviitwa zveMweya zveSt. Ignatius, chinyararire chemazuva makumi matatu; akapedza makore maviri achidzidza uzivi; akapfuurira kunodzidzisa paSt. Peterโs Prep muJersey City, New Jersey (kubva muna 1946-1949); uye pakupedzisira, kudzidza kuWeston Chikoro cheTheology muCambridge, Massachusetts (kubva ku1949-1953).
Berrigan akagadzwa semupristi musi waChikumi 21, 1952 muBoston. Muna 1953, akaenda kuFrance kwegore reSabata rechiJesuit rinozivikanwa se "tertianship." Ikoko, maonero ake enyika akawedzera sezvaakasangana neโvapristi vevashandiโ vechiFrench. Akadzoka kuzodzidzisa kuBrooklyn Prep kusvika 1957, paakaenda kuLeMoyne College, muSyracuse, New York, kwaakadzidzisa Testamende Itsva kusvika 1962. Ikoko akatanga "Imba Yepasi Pose," nzanga yemaune yevadzidzi vanorwira kurarama. kubatana nevarombo venyika yechitatu, chirongwa chirikuenderera mberi nhasi.
Muna 1957, Berrigan akaburitsa bhuku rake rekutanga renhetembo, "Nguva Isina Nhamba." Iri bhuku rakahwina mubairo weLamont Poetry uye rakasarudzwa kuve National Book Award. Nhetembo yake "Credentials," yakatanga kubata mudetembi Marianne Moore uyo akakurudzira nhetembo yake kuvaparidzi ndokuva shamwari:
Dai zvaibvira kutaura kudaro
Mashoko mashoma andinoparidza munyika: zviri nyore
Uchida kubvunza zvose, muoki unopa mashizha awo
Yakakura nemaoko. Uye munguva yechando hurongwa hwake hunoshamisa
zvirevo, zvinoreva kuti iye ndiani
Mune makuru ekusundidzira mitezo ayo ese ari ekupedzisira chinhu chimwe:
kudzoka, rwizi rusingaperi negungwa.
Saka rozi chiziviso chayo, chakati
Chimiro chisingawanikwe chisina simba: kupfeka moyo wayo
Zvinooneka, zvinotipa mwoyo zvakare: bud, kuzara uye kuwa.
[Uye Chingwa Chakamuka: Nhetembo Dzakasarudzwa dzaDaniel Berrigan, 1957-1997, rakapepetwa naJohn Mudiwa]
Mushure mebhuku rekutanga iro, Berrigan akatanga kuburitsa bhuku rimwe kana maviri enhetembo uye prose gore rega rega kwehupenyu hwake hwese. Mabhuku ake ekutanga anosanganisira Mwenga: Zvinyorwa muChechi; Encounters; Muraravungu Mumakore; The World for Wedding Ring; Hapana Anofamba Mvura; Vanotidaidza kuti Vakafa; Rudo, Rudo paKuguma; uye Vanamwari Venhema, Varume Chaivo.
Anyimwa mvumo yokuperekedza mununโuna wake Philip, muprista wechiJoseph, paFreedom Ride nomuMaodzanyemba, Berrigan akaenda kuParis pazuva resabata muna 1963, ndokupfuurira kuCzechoslovakia, Hungary neSouth Africa. Paakadzoka, akatanga kutaura achipokana nekubatanidzwa kwemauto eUS muVietnam uye akatangazve Catholic Peace Fellowship. Muna 1964, pamwe chete nomununโuna wake Philip, A.J. Muste, Jim Forest nevamwe vanoita runyararo, akaenda kuzororo rakatambirwa naThomas Merton paAbbey yeGetsemani. Kudzokera ikoko kwakaratidza shanduko kuna Merton nemaBerrigans sezvo vakazvipira kunyora nekutaura vachipokana nehondo nezvombo zvenyukireya, uye kusimudzira runyararo rwechiKristu.
Merton akarekodha musangano wake naBerrigan mukutanga ma1960s mu "Connjectures of a Guilty Bystand," achidana Berrigan "kuhwina zvachose uye kudziya njere uye murume uyo, wandinofunga, ane zvakawanda kupfuura chero munhu wandati ndambosangana naye chokwadi chakakura uye chinodziya. Mwoyo wakapfava wevaJesuit: kushingaira, tsitsi, kunzwisisa uye rusununguko rusina kuvharwa rwechitendero. Kungomuona chete kunoita kuti munhu ave netariro muchechi.โ
Muna 1965, akafora muSelma, akave mubatsiri wemupepeti we "Jesuit Missions," uye akavamba pamwe chete Vafundisi neLaity Vanoshushikana nezveVietnam naRabbi Abraham Heschel. Akatanga chirongwa chinonetesa chekutaura kwevhiki nevhiki munyika yose chakaenderera mberi kutozosvikira makore gumi apfuura.
Muna November, 1965, mumwe mushandi wechiduku weKaturike anonzi Roger LaPorte akazviuraya pamberi peUnited Nations. Mushure mekutaura pane imwe liturgy yeLaPorte, Berrigan akarairwa kuti abve munyika nekukurumidza nevakuru vake vechiJesuit. Berrigan akatanga rwendo rwemwedzi mitanhatu muLatin America yose. Kudzingwa kwake kwakakonzera bongozozo munyika munhau dzese, uye Berrigan akadzokera kuNew York uye 1967, nekuti mufundisi wekutanga weCatholic paCornell University. Bhuku rake, "Migumisiro: Chokwadi uye .." akarondedzera nzendo dzake kuSelma, South Africa neLatin America.
Musi waGumiguru 22, 1967, Berrigan akasungwa kekutanga aine mazana evadzidzi vaipikisa hondo paPentagon. โKekutanga,โ akanyora kudaro mujenari yake muD. chipfeko choufundisi chandinorumbidza zvikuru nokuda kwechechi itsva.โ Muna Kukadzi, 1968, akaenda kuNorth Vietnam naHoward Zinn kunogamuchira vashandi vatatu veU.S. Air Force vakanga vachisunungurwa. Vachiri kumirira musangano wavo neVietCong, vakatora nzvimbo yekuvanda yeHanoi sezvo mabhomba eUS akawira paari. Diary yake yerwendo rwake kuNorth Vietnam, "Night Flight to Hanoi" yakaburitswa gare gare gore iroro.
Musi waChivabvu 17, 1968, pamwe chete nemukoma wake Philip nevamwe vasere, Berrigan vakapisa mazana matatu emafaira eA-1 muCatonsville, Maryland, mukuratidzira vachipokana nehondo yeVietnam. โRuregerero rwedu, shamwari dzakanaka,โ Dan akanyora muchitauriro cheCatonsville Nine, โnokuda kwokutsemuka kwenhevedzano yakanaka, kupiswa kwebepa panzvimbo pevana, kushatirwa kwevanoronga nhevedzano vari pamberi peimba yecharneri. Hatina kukwanisa, saka tibatsirei Mwari, itai neimwe nzira." Kuita kwavo kwakakwezva mapepanhau makuru enyika nepasi rose, uye zvakatungamirira kumazana ekuratidzira kwakafanana. Mushure mekutongwa kwekuputika kwemazuva matatu muna Gumiguru, akawanikwa aine mhosva yekuparadza midziyo.
Munhoroondo yake yehupenyu, "Kugara Murugare," Berrigan akaratidzira nezvemhedzisiro yekuratidzira kweCatonsville:
Chiito ichi chaisiririsa, kamoto kadiki mukati memoto wehondo. Asi Catonsville yakanga yakaita sedziva remoto, kamoto kadiki kakabatidzwa, kuti utore uye ukunde mukuru. Nguva, nzvimbo yacho, yakanga yakarurama. Vakataura nokuda kwechido, chiratidzo, kutsiva. Catonsville yairatidza kuvheneka nzvimbo dzine rima dzemoyo, uko ushingi nenjodzi netariro zvaive zvakamirira chiratidzo, mambakwedza. Kwehupenyu hwedu hwasara, moto waibvira nekupisa, mumwoyo nemupfungwa, mumabhodhi echiuto, mumajeri nemumatare. Moto mutsva, mutsva sePentekosti, wakavheneka mumaziso akafa uye asina tariro, masimba emweya anokudzwa akapihwa "masimba emhepo yekumusoro." โHapana chinogona kuitwa!โ Kangani tainge tanzwa kufema uku: wekupedzisira wemunhu, wemweya, werusununguko. Chokwadi, chimwe chinhu chaigona kuitwa, uye chakaitika. Uye zvaizova.
Kuratidzira kweCatonsville Nine kwakateverwa zvikuru pasi rose, murutivi rukurusa nokuda kwokukatyamadzwa kwavaprista vaviri veKaturike vakatarisana nomutorongo nokuda kwekuratidzira runyararo.
Mumutengesi wake wa1969, โNo Bars to Manhood,โ Berrigan akanyora kuti: โTakatora zita revanhu vanoita kuti pave norunyararo, asi tave, kazhinji, tisingadi kubhadhara chero mutengo unokosha. Uye nekuti isu tinoda rugare nehafu yemoyo nehafu yehupenyu uye kuda, hondo, hongu, inoenderera, nekuti kurwa kwehondo, nehunhu hwayo, yakazara-asi kurwa kwerunyararo, nehumbwende hwedu. kusaruraโฆHakuna rugare nekuti hakuna vanoita runyararo. Hapana vanoita runyararo nekuti kugadzira runyararo kunodhura sekugadzira hondo - zvirinani sezviripo, zvinokanganisa, zvinokonzeresa kuunza kunyadziswa uye jeri uye rufu mukumuka kwayo. "
Kare kuCornell, Berrigan akanyora mutambo waitengeswa zvakanyanya, "The Trial of the Catonsville Nine," uyo wakazovhurwa muNew York neLos Angeles, uye rakave firimu richitungamirwa nemutambi Gregory Peck. Mutambo uyu wakaitwa kamazana pasi rose, uye unoenderera mberi uchiitwa sekutaura kunopesana nehondo.
Berrigan nevamwe vake pavakazoenda kujeri kuti vatange mitongo yavo muna Kubvumbi 1970, vese maBerrigans vakaenda "pasi pechivande" pane kuti vapinde. Kwemwedzi mishanu, Daniel Berrigan akafamba kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, achitaura nevatori venhau, achinyora zvinyorwa. mukurwisana nehondo, uye achioneka panhambo nenhambo pamhene, zvikuru kukutsamwa nokukangaidzika kwaJ. Edgar Hoover naF.B.I., izvo pakupedzisira zvakamuronda ndokumusunga pana August 11, 1970, pamusha womufundisi William Stringfellow paBlock Island, kubva kumahombekombe eRhode Island. Akaunzwa kuDanbury, Connecticut Federal Prison kwaakapedza mwedzi gumi nemisere. Musi waChikumi 9, 1971, paakanga achiongororwa mazino ake, akatambura nekusawirirana kukuru kwejekiseni reNovacain uye akapotsa afa. Musi waFebruary 24, 1972, akasunungurwa.
Mu "The Dark Night of Resistance," mutengesi akanyorwa mukati memwedzi yake pasi pevhu, Berrigan akashandisa St. John of the Cross '"Rima Night of the Soul" semutungamiri wevanopikisa hondo. Purofesa weHarvard Robert Coles akarekodha nhevedzano yekurukurirano naBerrigan mukati memwedzi yake akavanda muBoston, yakazobudiswa seโThe Geography of Faith.โ "America Yakaoma Kuwana" yakaunganidza tsamba uye zvinyorwa kubva pasi pevhu nemujeri, uye yakadhindwa pamwe ne "Trial Poems" uye "Prison Poems." Dhayari yake yomutorongo, โMheni Mumba Yevakafa,โ mumwe mutengesi zvikurusa, akarekodha chinoitika chake cheDanbury.
Munguva yekupera kwema1960 uye ekutanga ma1970, Berrigan akakwezva kutarisisa kwenhau, yaive pachivharo chemagazini ye "Nguva", uye yakave iyo yekutarisa kukuru kwegakava renyika kwete chete nezvehondo, asi kuti vanhu vekutenda vanofanira kupikisa sei hondo. Akava mumwe wevaprista vanonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose, uye akaramba achidana kuti Chechi ibvise dzidziso yayo yehondo uye idzokere mukusava nechisimba kwaJesu sezvakanyorwa muEvhangeri.
Paakanga ari pasi pevhu, Berrigan akanyora tsamba yakavhurika yakapararira, yakatanga kubudiswa mu "Village Voice," kune "Weathermen," boka repachivande revamutsiri vechisimba vakaputika zvivako vachipokana nehondo dzeU.S. "Kufa kwemunhu mumwechete mutengo unorema kwazvo kuti ubhadhare kurevererwa kwechero misimboti, zvisinei kuti itsvene," Berrigan akanyora. Vamwe vakatenda kutaura kwake sechikonzero chikuru chekuparara kweWeather Underground.
Muna 1972, veUS vakamhan'arira maBerrigans nevamwe varwiri vachivapomera mhosva yekutyisidzira kupamba Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Kutongwa kwakaitika muHarrisburg, Pennsylvania, kwainyanya kunangana naPhilip Berrigan kwakanga kuri kutongwa kwakarebesa munhoroondo yeU.S., kusvika panguva iyoyo, uye kwakaguma nokunzi haana mhosva uye zvakafanana. Pashure pacho, Berrigan akapedza mwedzi mitanhatu muParis achigara uye achidzidza nomumongi wechiBuddha, Thich Nhat Hanh, vachibatira pamwe mubhuku rekurukurirano pamusoro porugare, rinonzi โThe Raft is not the Shore.โ
Muna 1973, mushure mekudzidzisa paUnion Theological Seminary neFordham University, Berrigan akabatana neNew York West Side Jesuit Community paManhattan's Upper West Side, kwaakagara nevamwe makumi matatu mamwe maJesuit kwehupenyu hwake hwese.
Mushure mekupomedzerwa uye kupomerwa mhosva muHarrisburg, veBerrigans vakatendeukira kuindasitiri yezvombo zvenyukireya yeUS ndokutanga kuramba senzira yehupenyu. Musi waGunyana 9, 1980, aina Philip neshamwari nhanhatu, Berrigan akapinda kumahofisi makuru eGeneral Electric muKing of Prussia, Pennsylvania ndokurova nenyundo pamhino dzezvombo zvenyukireya zvisina pfuti. Vakasungwa, vakatongwa, vakabatwa nemhosva uye vakatarisana nemakore anosvika gumi mujeri nekuda kwemhosva yekuparadza midziyo yehurumende. Chiito chavo che "Plowshares" chakavhura chitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yekusapikisa kusagadzikana uye anti-nuclear movement. Berrigan akawana kurudziro kubva kumuporofita webhaibheri Isaya uyo akanyora kuti rimwe zuva, โVachapfura minondo yavo vachiiita mapadza, namapfumo avo vachiaita mapanga okuchekerera miti; rumwe rudzi harungazosimudziri rumwe rudzi munondo, havangazodzidzi kurwa.โโ Isaya 2:4 .
Mukati mekutongwa kwavo muna 1981 muPhiladelphia, iyo yakazoitwa mufirimu, "In the King of Prussia," ane nyeredzi Martin Sheen, Berrigan akati:
Meseji chete yandinayo kunyika ndeiyi: Hatibvumidzwe kuuraya vanhu vasina mhosva. Hatibvumidzwe kuva nechekuita mukuponda. Hatibvumidzwe kunyarara apo gadziriro dzekupondwa kwevanhu vakawanda dzichienderera mberi muzita redu, nemari yedu, muchivande ... Zvakaipa kwandiri kurarama munguva yandisina chekutaura kuvanhu kunze kwekuti, "Rega kuuraya." Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka zvandinoda kutaura kuvanhu. Pane mamwe mapurojekiti andinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya. Uye handikwanise kuzviita. handikwanise. Nokuti zvinhu zvose zviri mungozi. Zvese zviri kubatwa. Yedu imhando yemamiriro ezvinhu echinyakare, kunyangwe isu tingazviti takaoma. Dambudziko redu nderechinyakare kubva pamaonero echiKristu. Tadzoka kwatakatangira. Usauraya; hatitenderwi kuuraya. Zvose nhasi zvinosvika kune izvozvo-zvose.
Zvinopfuura zana kuratidzira kunopesana nenyukireya kwakaitika kubvira 100, kusanganisira muEngland, Ireland, Germany neAustralia.
Sezvaakaramba achitaura vhiki imwe neimwe munyika yose uye achibudisa mabhuku enhetembo nezvinyorwa, Berrigan akashandawo semufundisi wechipatara muManhattan paSt. Rose's Home yevarombo, uyezve kuSt. Vincent's Hospital, nevarwere vekenza uye gare gare ne Varwere veAIDS, vaakanyora mumabhuku ake anoti, โWe Die before we live,โ uye โSorrow Built a Bridge.โ Muna 1984, akaenda kuEl Salvador neNicaragua kuti adzidze kubva kuvatungamiriri vechechi pamusoro pemigumisiro yehondo dzeU.S. ikoko, uye akanyora nezverwendo muโKutsiga kweVatendi.โ
Muna 1985, mugadziri wemabhaisikopo Roland Joffe akakoka Berrigan kuParaguay, Argentina neColombia kuzoshanda sechipangamazano kufirimu, โThe Mission. Aivewo nechikamu chidiki, padivi paRobert DeNiro, Jeremy Irons naLiam Neeson. Berrigan akaburitsa nhoroondo pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwebhaisikopo iri, maJesuit missions kuLatin America kuma1770s, uye kushanda kwawo mukuedza kwemazuva ano kurwisa hondo nhasi, mubhuku rake, โThe Mission.โ Muna 1988, akaburitsa nhoroondo yehupenyu hwake, "Kugara Murugare."
Pakati pema1980, Berrigan akatanga kuburitsa nhevedzano yemakumi maviri emagwaro etsinhiro pamabhuku eBhaibheri rechiHebheru. Uye Chingwa Chakamuka: Nhetembo Dzakasarudzwa dzaDaniel Berrigan, 1957-1997, rakapepetwa naJohn Dear, rakabudiswa muna 1996.
Dan akanga ari shamwari yangu huru nemudzidzisi, kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu nemashanu. Takafamba nyika nenyika pamwechete; vakaenda kujeri pamwe chete; uye ndakagadzirisa mabhuku mashanu ezvinyorwa zvake. Asi nguva yose iyi ndinomuona somumwe wevanhu vanokosha zvikuru vorudzidziso vomuzana ramakore rapfuura, pedyo chaipo naGandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., Thomas Merton, Dorothy Day nomununโuna wake Philip. Dan naPhil vakakurudzira mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose kuti vataure vachipokana nehondo nekushandira runyararo, uye vakabatsira kudzosa chechi yeCatholic kumidzi yeEvhangeri yerunyararo nekusaita mhirizhonga. Ini handimutore seanorwira runyararo asi mumwe wevasande vakuru nevaporofita vemazuva ano. Ndichanyora zvakawanda nezvake, asi parizvino, ndinopemberera hupenyu hwake hunoshamisa, uye ndinokoka munhu wese kuti afungisise nezveuchapupu hwake hukuru.
Ndatenda, Dhani. Tose ngatitore moyo kubva kuhupenyu hwako hunoshamisa hwekuita runyararo, uye tienderere mberi nebasa rekubvisa hondo, urombo uye zvombo zvenyukireya.
Mutevedzeri weNobel Peace Prize Rev. John Anodiwa vari muvashandi ve Campaign Nonviolence.org. Ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, kusanganisira: Thomas Merton, Peacemaker; Kurarama Runyararo: Hwemweya Wekufungisisa uye Kuita; Jesu Mupanduki: Mutakuri weRugare rwaMwari uye Ruramisiro; Kushandurwa: Kufungisisa Kuzvishandura Isu uye Nyika Yedu, uye nhoroondo yeupenyu hwake, Runyararo Rwunoramba Uchienderera: Kurwira kweMunhu Mumwechete kune Nyika Isina mhirizhonga. Ona zvimwe zvebasa rake pawebhusaiti yake: www.johndear.org
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