Chimurenga chinogona kubudirira chete kana chizvarwa chitsva chatora nzvimbo kubva kune yekare. Apo zviuru zvevadzidzi zvinouya pamwe chete nekuda kwekuzvipira kwavo kubatsira vamwe pachikoro chakavakwa kuti chivabvumire kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, ivhu rakaorera kuti vadzidzi vaenderere mberi nehondo.
Vadzidzi vari kutora basa rekutsanangura paLatin American School of Medicine (Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina kana ELAM), chikoro chekurapa chine makore gumi nemaviri muSanta Fe, Playa, maminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe kubva kuHavana, Cuba. Nemari yavo yedzidzo yakavharwa nehurumende yeCuba, vadzidzi vanodzidza hukama hutsva hwemagariro mune zvekurapa izvo zvavachashandisa munharaunda dzisina kuchengetedzwa munyika dzavo.
Mushonga Wepasi Pose: Chiroto Chekuchinja
Muchinyorwa chake, "The Cuban Revolutionary Doctor," Steve Brouwer anotsanangura chiratidzo icho Che Guevara aive nacho muna 1960, gore rakatevera Cuban Revolution. Pashure pokuona kuti vanachiremba vakawanda vakanga vapedza kudzidza vakanga vasingadi kushanda kumaruwa, Che akafungidzira kurovedza campesinos kuva vanachiremba kuitira kuti vakurumidze โpakarepo uye nechido chakasimba chokubatsira hama dzavo.โ[1] Gore iroro, Cuba yakatumira mapoka ezvokurapa kuChile. kubatsira pashure pokudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru.[2] Kondirakiti yekutanga yehutano yeCuba yakakonzera kutumira kwayo boka rekurapa kuAlgeria muna 1963. [3] Muna 1998, apo Hurricane Mitch naGeorges yakaparadza zvitsuwa zveCaribbean neCentral America, Cuba yakatumira vanachiremba nevanobatsira varwere. Fidel Castro akabva afunga kuwedzera Cuba's Comprehensive Health Program (Programa Integral de Salud) nekugadzira ELAM, iyo yakatanga muna 1999.
Kugona kwaCastro kukurudzira shanduko hakufanirwe kurerutswa. Ndakasangana naExa Gonzalez, mudzidzi weELAM wegore rechitanhatu, ari mundege kuenda kuHavana muna December 2009. Akanga adzidza unyanzvi nemafirimu pachikoro chesekondari muBaja California, Mexico. Achiri kuyaruka, akaita nzendo mbiri kuCuba nevabereki vake, nhengo dzeBato reVashandi (Partido de Trabajo, kana PT). Parwendo rwake rwechipiri, muna 2001, Fidel akatsanangura ELAM kunhumwa dzePT, uye akafuridzira Exa kuti achinje zvidzidzo zvake kuita mushonga. Akapinda muELAM muna 2002, paakanga aine makore gumi nemapfumbamwe, uye akapedza gore rake rekutanga ari mupre-med, achidzidza biology, chemistry, uye physics. [4]
Chirongwa cheCuba Integral de Salud chakawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2003, apo veVenezuelan Medical Federation yakaedza kumisa nhamburiko dzeMutungamiri Hugo Chรกvez dzekupa hutano kunharaunda dzisina rubatsiro. Kudyidzana pakati peCuba neVenezuela kwakaguma nechirongwa cheInside the Community (Barrio Adentro), chichiunza zviuru gumi zvevanachiremba vekuCuba kunyika iyi munguva isingasviki gore.
Katrina paakarova New Orleans muna Nyamavhuvhu 2005, Castro akaunganidza mazana evakapedza kudzidza veELAM uye vanachiremba vekuCuba kuti vabatsire. Mutungamiri weUnited States, George W. Bush, akaramba kunyange kufunga nezvechiito chekufarira. Shamwari yakandiudza kuti kunofanira kunge kwaive kushambadza kwaCastro, sezvo aiziva kuti Bush aisabvuma. Ndakapindura kuti, tichifunga hupamhi nekudzika kwerubatsiro rwezvokurapa rweCuba kunyika dziri muLatin America, Caribbean, neAfrica, Cuba ingadai yakakuona sekutuka kufuratira dambudziko reguta reUS riri pedyo nemahombekombe aro. Huwandu hwepamusoro hwevanachiremba vekutanga muCuba hunoita kuti zvikwanise kufamba nekukurumidza mushure menjodzi senge Katrina.
Vezvenhau veUS kuzvidza kubatana kwekurapa kweCuba kwakaenderera mberi kuburikidza nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwa2009 muHaiti. Sezvo mishumo yenhau dzemakambani yainyanya kusimbisa rubatsiro rweUS, vakashora zvakanyanya kuedza kweCuba, zvekusvika pakusaziva chiremba wekuCuba seโSpanish.โ[6] Chokwadi, kubvira Hurricane Georges muna 1998, Cuba yakapa mazana evanachiremba kuHaiti yakavakidzana. Cuba yanga ichidzidzisawo vanachiremba veHaiti kubvira magonhi eELAM akatanga kuvhurwa. Chinongodiwa chete ndechekuti, kana vapedza kudzidza, vanhu vekuHaiti vabvume kudzokera kumba kuti vatore nzvimbo yavanachiremba vekuCuba (panzvimbo pekusiya mabasa akawandisa muUnited States kana kuEurope).
Cuba yakatodzidzisa vanachiremba veHaiti mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu, uye kune vadzidzi veHaiti mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe muELAM. Nekuda kwekuedza kweCuba, Haiti yakaona kudzikira kukuru kwezvikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana mukufa kwevacheche, kufa kwevabereki, uye kufa kwevana, uye, pakati pa550 na567, kuwedzera kwehupenyu hunotarisirwa kubva pamakore makumi mashanu nemana kusvika makumi matanhatu nerimwe ezera. Sekutaura kwakaita Mutungamiriri weHaiti Renรฉ Prรฉval, โHamuna kumirira kudengenyeka kwenyika kuti tibatsire.โ[50]
Mumazuva matatu ekutanga mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika, vanachiremba vekuCuba vakapa rubatsiro rwekurapa kupfuura chero imwe nyika. Pamusoro peELAM vakapedza kudzidza vatove muHaiti, vadzidzi veHaiti 184 kubva kuELAM (pamwe chete neUS ELAM vakapedza kudzidza) vakauya kuzobatsira. "Nenguva isipi Cuba yakange yava nebasa revashandi vezvokurapa vanopfuura 1,500 muHaiti."[8] Izvi zvichienzaniswa nevashandi vekurapa 550 vanobva kuUnited States panguva imwe chete. Uye, nepo United States yakanga yarapa varwere mazana masere nemakumi masere nevaviri, vashandi vakadzidziswa kuCuba vakanga vabata 871. Ehe, Haiti yakanga isisina musoro wenyaya mushure memavhiki mashoma, uye vazhinji vasiri varwi vekuAmerica vakaenda. Asi, sezvavaivepo njodzi isati yaitika, vanhu vekuCuba vakagara mushure, kwete kurapa varwere chete asiwo kuenderera mberi nekuvaka hutano hutsva hwehutano.
Haiti ungori muenzaniso wazvino uno wehukuru hwebasa rekurapa repasi rose reCuba. Zvinoenderana newebhusaiti yeELAM, kune zviuru makumi mashanu nezviviri zvevashandi vekurapa vekuCuba vari kupa mabasa avo munyika makumi mapfumbamwe nembiri. [9] Izvi zvinoreva kuti Cuba ine vanachiremba vakawanda vanoshanda mhiri kwemakungwa kudarika veWorld Health Organisation kana kuedza kwakabatana kwenyika dzeG-8. Saka, โpakasvika 2008, vashandi vezvokurapa vokuCuba vakanga vava kutarisira vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 70 pasi pose.โ Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vangangosvika mamirioni maviri vari kunze kweCuba vanokwereta "hupenyu hwavo nekuda kwekuwanikwa kweCuba mabasa ekurapa."[10] Mweya wekubatana kwepasi rose ndiwo musimboti wezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa paELAM. Sokuzivisa kunoita Webhusaiti yayo: โBasa rinoitwa nevakapedza kudzidza veELAM nhasi munyika dzose dzepasi rinopa muenzaniso wekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kubatana kwevanhu. Mucherechedzo werudo rwehupenyu uye kururamisira mumagariro izvo zvisina chinomboitika munhoroondo."[11]
Student Health Brigades
Mushure mekirasi yechitatu yekupedza kudzidza paELAM, Sangano reVadzidzi rakakurudzira kugadzira mukana wekushanda pane mamwe mapurojekiti mukati memwedzi yezororo yezhizha. Chikoro chakabvumidzwa, uye vadzidzi vakatanga kugadzira mapurojekiti akasarudzwa seVadzidzi Vehutano Brigades (Brigadas Estudiantiles por la Salud kana BES) zvaizovaendesa kumakiriniki munzvimbo dzine hurombo dzemumaguta nemaruwa dzeSouth neCentral America pamwe nepasirese. kusanganisira United States.
Iyo Yaa Asantewaa Brigade (YAB), ine varongi vakakosha vanosanganisira Omavi Bailey naKetia Brown, inoratidza mashandiro anoita mapurojekiti eBES. [12] YAB ndiro boka richaita "African Medical Corp-Ghana Project." Yakagadzirwa neOrganisation of African Doctors (OAD), boka revadzidzi vekurapa vemuAfrica neAfrica-America. Yakatangwa muna 2009 pamusasa weELAM, OAD yakagamuchira chinangwa chekugadzira "zvirongwa, mapurojekiti uye masangano nechinangwa chekugadzira boka rezvokurapa rakarongeka, rinoziva zvematongerwo enyika uye rinotarisira magariro evanhu rinokwanisa kuzadzisa zvido zvevanhu vemuAfrica vanotambura nehutano hwehutano munguva yose. nyika yeAfrica. OAD inoumbwa nevadzidzi vanosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu, vadzidzi, uye vagari vakadzidziswa muCuba parizvino vanomiririra nyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu neshanu."[160]
Parizvino, โkudhonzwa kweuropiโ kwevanachiremba vomuAfrica vachiwana mabasa muEurope kana kuUnited States kunosiya Ghana ine chiremba mumwe chete pavagari vemo zviuru makumi mana nezvishanu. Saizvozvo, kune vanachiremba vekuEthiopia vakawanda muChicago kupfuura muEthiopia.[14] OAD ine chinangwa chekutarisana nedambudziko iri nekusimbisa kuraira kuELAM kuti veAfrica (nevamwe vese) vadzidzi vezvokurapa vadzoke kuzoshandira nharaunda dzine urombo munyika dzavanogara.
Chikamu cha2010 cheGhana Proposal chakatanga nevadzidzi veELAM vaienda kuGhana kunosangana navanachiremba vakadzidziswa kuCuba vagara variko. Munharaunda dzavanoshanyira, vadzidzi veELAM vanoda
1. Ita ongororo yekuwana kwekwakabva rubatsiro rwehutano izvo vagari vagara vanazvo;
2. Gadzira mapoka ehutano evadzidzi vezvokurapa vanoita bvunzo dzemuviri uye vanodzidza zvechivanhu zveGhana; uye
3. Ita misangano yenharaunda kusimbisa hukama nevagari veGhana nekutsvaga rubatsiro rwehutano rwavanoda.
Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro, YAB inotarisira kugadzira internship kuitira kuti vadzidzi veELAM vegore rechitanhatu vapedze kudzidziswa kwavo kwekurapa kuGhana. Vadzidzi veELAM kuGhana vachave nezviitiko zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune zvevadzidzi vekurapa muUnited States. Kusiyana nenyika dzakasimukira, uko hosha huru dzerufu โmararamiroโ ehosha dzakadai sesitiroko nehosha yemwoyo, โZvikonzero gumi zverufu muGhana zvose zvinokonzerwa nezvirwere zvinotapukira zvinodzivisika.โ[10] Haisi tsaona kuti YAB ine chinangwa chekutarisa kuwana kweGhana kumasevhisi, zvitendero pamusoro pehutano hwehutano, uye zvishuwo zvekuchinja, pane kusvetukira mukati kuti upe masevhisi akafanotemerwa anogona kana kusaenderana nehupenyu hwemusha weAfrica. Kudzidzira kuELAM kunoisa simbiso huru pakusimukira kwemagariro emushonga, modhi inoshanda zvakanyanya kunharaunda dzakabatana.
Kunyange zvazvo mishonga yechivanhu neyomuzvarirwo ichiwanzosekwa kuMadokero, โyakaramba iri nzira huru yekudzivirira nekurapa ye85% yevanhu vomuAfrica.โ[16] Nokudaro, muenzaniso weCuban weGeneral Integral Medicine (Medicina General Integral kana MGI). ), iyo โinosvika pakutarisira utano zvakazara, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvayo zvipenyu, zvepfungwa, zvetsika uye zvomudzimu,โ inogadzirira vadzidzi kuti vave vanachiremba-se-vateereri sezvinoita vanachiremba-sevadzidzisi.[17]
Kukura kweELAM
Kugona kwevanachiremba vakadzidziswa kuCuba kuteerera vanhu uye kushanda navo, pane kuvamanikidza muenzaniso wekuMadokero, chimwe chinhu chinowedzera chido chenyika kutumira vadzidzi kuELAM. Vanhu vekuAmerica vanofambira mberi vanoshuvira masisitimu ekuchengetedza hutano seaya ari kuCanada neWestern Europe vanoita sevasingazive mukurumbira wakakura uyo mushonga weCuba unobata nyika dzine hurombo. Iyo Cuban yehutano yehutano system inoratidza kuti "inodhura tekinoroji yekurapa haifanirwe kune inoshanda yekudzivirira nharaunda." โYakabvisa poriyo, yakadzora marariya nedengue, uye yakaderedza mwero wenzufu dzevana nemadzimai panguva yekusununguka kusvika yakaenzana kana kuti yakaderera pane iya yenyika dzakapfuma zvikuru uye dzakabudirira zvikuru seUnited States.โ[18]
Elam inopa tariro yekuti dzimwe nyika dzinogona kuita zvinangwa zvakafanana. Yakavhurwa muna 1999 nevadzidzi vanobva kunyika makumi maviri neina: gumi nepfumbamwe Latin America, vana veAfrica, uye United States. [19] Chirongwa chemakore matanhatu, chakapedza kirasi yekutanga muna 2005. Pakazosvika 2007 EAM yakanga yava nevadzidzi vanobva kunyika makumi maviri nenomwe.[20] Pakazosvika 2008 nhamba yenyika dzine vadzidzi paELAM yakanga yakura kusvika pamakumi mana.[21]
Mutungamiri weELAM weInternational Relations akandiudza nezvekuwedzera kumakampasi muCuba yese. Kubva muna Kubvumbi 2010, makampasi akakwana vadzidzi 21,018, kubva kunyika zana. Zvinenge zvese zveLatin America zvinomiririrwa. Kunyangwe Colombia, ine mukurumbira wakashata wehurumende, ine vadzidzi mazana matatu nemakumi masere nevashanu. Vadzidzi vanobva kunyika makumi matatu nenhanhatu dzeAfrica, pamwe nevakawanda vanobva kuMiddle East, Asia, Pacific Islands, neCaribbean.[385]
Pandakabvunza Secretary General weELAM Project kana kwaive nevadzidzi vanobva kuEngland neAustralia, akati, "Kwete, nyika dzakabudirira dzinowanzopa rubatsiro rwekurapa uye ELAM yakagadzirirwa kubatsira nyika dzine urombo."[23] Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kududzirwa. zvichireva kuti ELAM haisviki kunyika dzakawandisa. Kana vadzidzi vakanyatsozvipira kushanda munharaunda dzisina kuchengetedzwa, vanogona kubvumidzwa kana vakanyorera kuburikidza nemumiriri weCuba munyika yavo. Izvi zvinokurudzirwa netafura yematriculation ya2010, iyo inonyora vadzidzi vanobva kuGermany, Canada, Israel, neKorea.
Kubatana kwenyika kweELAM kunoratidza kudyidzana kwenyika dzese kunofamba nemushonga wese weCuba. Mapurofesa eELAM anoudza vadzidzi vavo nezvokuitawo basa rokuyamura pashure penjodzi muGuatemala, Honduras, uye Haiti. Vadzidzi vanonzwawo kubva kune vamwe vadzidzi vebasa rekubatana munyika dzakasiyana dzeAfrica, Haiti, neVenezuela.
Kana vadzidzi vachitenderera panharaunda consultorios (nzvimbo dzinochengeta mhuri) kana nharaunda polyclinics, vanoshanda nevashandi vekurapa vane ruzivo rwepasi rose. Ndichishanyira Havana's Policlรญnico Universitario, Mutevedzeri wayo Teresa Frรญas akandiudza kuti akanga ashanda kuAngola, Tanzania, Brazil, neBolivia. Sezvo waaishanda naye, anonziwo Teresa, paakashanya papolyclinic, akataura kuti akamboshanda kuGhana, Venezuela, neBrazil.
Chero kuungana kwevashandi vekurapa muCuba kungangosanganisira vanhu vanopa nyaya kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure dzepasi. Internationalism haisati ichingova sirogani kana dzidziso mukurapa kweCuba โ chinhu chikuru chetsika yekurapa inopararira mudzidziso nemaitiro ekurapa.
Vanachiremba seVadzidzisi
Kufanana nevadzidzi vakawanda veELAM, kuenda kuchikoro chezvokurapa kungadai kusina kuitika kuna Ivan Angulo Torres weLima, Peru. Mutengo ungadai wakarambidza uye vadzidzi zana chete pagore vanopinda chikoro chekurapa muLima. Paakatanga kunzwa nezve ELAM muna 2002, Ivan aidzidza nezvehutungamiri hwehotera. Makore maviri gare gare, akanga ari muHavana. Hama dzake ina dzakapinda chikoro chake chaJuly 2010 sechiremba wekutanga mumhuri yake. [24]
Kosi yekudzidza inosiyana zvishoma, zvichienderana nekuti vadzidzi vane yakakwana pre-med kumashure mu biology, chemistry, uye fizikisi; vangave vanobva kuCuba, Latin America, kana tsika dzisiri dzeLatin; uye kana vachinyatsogona chiSpanish. Panzvimbo pokutanga gore rake rechikoro munaSeptember, Ivan akatanga zvidzidzo zvake muna March 2004 nokuti aida hafu yegore yezvidzidzo zvesayenzi.
Makore maviri ekutanga echikoro chekurapa aisanganisira zvidzidzo zvekirasi zvakaita seanatomy, physiology, histology, biochemistry, genetics, organ system, psychology, pathology, uye Cuban medical modhi, nekusimbisa kwayo hutano hweveruzhinji. Ivan akasangana nevavakidzani consultorio gore rake rokutanga uye akadzidza kupa bvunzo dzemuviri gore rake rechipiri. Mugore rake rechitatu, akatanga kushanda nevarwere vaiva muchipatara sekudzidzira kubva na8:00 kusvika 10:00 mangwanani. Aipota achitenderera nanachiremba kubva na10:00 mangwanani kusvika na1:00 masikati, uye akaita zvidzidzo zvakadai sezviratidzo zvechirwere, kurapa kwemukati memuviri, X-ray, nechiRungu masikati.
Makore ake echina nerechishanu akaona kudzidziswa kwakawanda muCuban MGI modhi yekurapa, iyo inosimbisa vanhu sebio-psycho-social zvisikwa, zvine mamiriro ehupenyu anofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuitira kuvarapa. Iyo MGI modhi inodzidzisa vanachiremba nzira yekudzidzisa varwere kuzvitarisira ivo pachavo, zvakanyanya nekushandura mamiriro emagariro ehupenyu hwavo, kusanganisira nharaunda dzavanogara. Mumakore maviri iwayo, Ivan akadzidza hutano hwevanhu uye akaita mwedzi miviri kutenderera kwechipatara munzvimbo dzakadai seMGI, nzeve / mhino / huro, ophthalmology, obstetrics / gynecology, pediatrics, kuvhiyiwa, orthopedics, urology, dermatology, uye psychiatry. Mugore rake rechitanhatu semudzidzi, aive nebasa revarwere muconsultorio mazuva ese uye kune varwere vepolyclinic zuva rimwe pasvondo. Akapedzawo kutenderera kwake kukuru kwakatanga mukati megore rake rechitatu kusvika rechitanhatu.
Kubva pakutanga kwekudzidziswa kwavo, vadzidzi veELAM vanodzidza kuti musimboti wehutano hweveruzhinji kiriniki yemunharaunda, kana consultorio. Chirongwa chekurapa chine chinangwa chekubata ne80 muzana yezvinetso zvehutano muconsultorio, imwe neimwe inoshandira mhuri dzinenge zana nemakumi mashanu.[25] Iyo consultorio inowanzotsanangurwa sehofisi yechiremba yemunharaunda, nevarwere vanoonekwa pauriri hwekutanga, chiremba anogara pauriri hwechipiri, uye mukoti anogara pauriri hwechitatu. Iyi ndiyo yakanakira Cuba modhi, asi haitore mutsauko wakakura kana hukama hwepedyo pakati pevadzidzi vekurapa nevanobvunza.
Muna Zvita 2009, chiremba Alejandro Fadragas Fernรกndez nana mukoti Maitรฉ Perdomo vakandiratidza consultorio yavo, iyo inoshandira mhuri dzinosvika mazana mashanu nemazana gumi nemasere evarwere, zvichiita kuti ive hombe kudarika inowanzoitika muCuba.[26] Pamadziro pane poster Mural Docente, inonyora "vashandi vekudzidzisa" vevanachiremba vaviri, vana mukoti, vaviri vegore rokutanga ELAM kana vadzidzi veCuba, mudzidzi wegore rechina, mudzidzi wegore rechishanu, uye mudzidzi.
Chinyorwa chinotiudza zvinhu zvakawanda. Chekutanga, vadzidzi vezvokurapa vanobatanidzwa mukutarisira hutano hwevavakidzani, kutanga negore ravo rekutanga rechikoro chekurapa. Chechipiri, vagari veCuba vakajaira kuti vadzidzi vepasi rese vari chikamu chekurapa kwavo. Chechitatu, sezvo panogona kunge paine vanachiremba uye vanamukoti vakawanda vanoshanda paconsultorio, havasi vese vanogara muchivakwa chimwe chete. Vanogara munharaunda kana pedyo nayo, uye chiyero chekubatanidzwa munharaunda chakaoma. Chechina, kudzidzisa kwezvokurapa hakusi kuELAM asi kunobatanidzwa mukati mekuita kwemishonga yemunharaunda muCuba-vanachiremba vanotarisira kubatsira kudzidzisa vadzidzi vezvokurapa sechikamu chekuita kwavo. Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya zvekuti vadzidzi vekurapa vanowanzo shandisa mazwi ekuti professor uye mรฉdico (chiremba) zvakasiyana.
Zvinorehwa neELAM kune Elam Vadzidzi
Sei vadzidzi vanobva pasirese vachiuya kuELAM? Kuna Exa Gonzalez wekuMexico, hurukuro yakaitwa naFidel Castro yakachinja hupenyu hwake. Kuna Ketia Brown wekuCalifornia, musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana weELAM wemishonga yechivanhu nemaitiro echizvino-zvino wakabata maziso ake.[27] KuCuba-America Cassandra Cusack Curbelo, mudzidzi wegore rechipiri, wakanga uri mukana wokugoverana chiroto chokubatsira vamwe nokudzokera kunyika uko vanasekuru vake vakanga vari vapanduki.[28] Asi kune vazhinji, musanganiswa wekukwanisa kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa uye kutora chikamu muchiratidzo. Ivan Angulo akanga asiri iye ega mudzidzi aisambokwanisa kuwana chikoro chekurapa chetsika.
Anmnol Colindres weEl Paraรญso, Honduras akanga ave nenguva achida kuva chiremba, asi baba vake, avo vakanga vashanda mumasango kutozosvikira pakuvhozhokera kwaJune 28, 2009, vakanga vasingakwanisi kumubhadhara. [29] Amanda Louis, wokuchitsuwa cheCaribbean cheSt. Lucia, anonzwa kuti ane mukana paELAM waangadai asina kumbowana, wakavakirwa pamihoro yababa vake, mutyairi wetekisi, uye amai vake, mutengesi womumugwagwa.[30] Dennis Pratt, anobva kuSierra Leone mhuri yake isati yatamira kuJonesboro, Georgia, akanga asingadi kupedza makore achibhadhara zvikwereti zvechikoro chezvokurapa uye akabva ashandisa paakaziva nezveELAM.[31]
Kufanana nevamwe vadzidzi vanobva kunyika yechitsuwa chePacific yeTuvalu, Jonalisa Livi Tapumanaia ari kufara kuti ELAM ichaita kuti zvivepo kuti kuve nachiremba pane chimwe nechimwe chezvitsuwa zvikuru gumi zvekumba kwake, izvo zviri kutotambura nekukwira kwemvura yekudziya kwepasi. Hurumende yake inongokwanisa kumubhadharira kuenda kumba kamwe chete mumakore matatu oga ogaโbaba vake, avo vane chiteshi chepeturu, uye amai vake, vanoshanda mudare repachitsuwa, havagoni kubhadhara mari yacho.[32]
Zvinodhurawo kuti Lorine Auma ashanyire mhuri yake kuKenya. Achavaona kamwe chete mumakore ake matanhatu efundo. Baba vake, mutarisiri weakaunzi, naamai vake, vaidhinda apo neapo, vaisakwanisa kutenga chikoro chezvokurapa chekuKenya chinodhura.[33] Keitumetse Joyce Letsiela akashuma kuti munyika yake yeLesotho hamuna chikoro chezvokurapa, uye amai vake, mudzidzisi, vakanga vasina mari yokumuendesa kuchikoro chezvokurapa chinodhura muSouth Africa yakavakidzana nayo.[34]
Zviripachena, nhamba huru, pamwe ruzhinji rwevadzidzi veELAM, vaisakwanisa kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa dai kusiri kwechikoro chemahara. Chimwe chikamu chedzidzo yavo kudzidza kuti kuvandudzwa kwekurapa muCuba kwakareva kuisa pfungwa pakuchengetedza mhuri inodzivirira. Maitiro ekurapa eUS akanyanya-hunyanzvi zvekuti 11 muzana chete yevanachiremba ndivo vanachiremba vemhuri. Kusiyana neizvi, vangangoita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevanachiremba veCuba vanodzidzira mishonga yemhuri. Nepo reshiyo yavanachiremba vemhuri pachiverengero chavagari vapasi ingangoita 1:3,200 muUnited States, ingangoita 1:600 โโmuCuba, reshiyo yepamusorosoro yakadaro munyika.[35]
Vadzidzi vazhinji veELAM vandakataura navo vachida kudzidzira mishonga yemhuri. Asi vamwe vakati wandei vanofunga kuti kudiwa kwenyanzvi dzinodhura munyika dzavo kunovamanikidza kuti vaenderere mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo mushure meELAM. Ivan Angulo anobva kuPeru anoronga kuita nyanzvi yezvokurapa kwemapfupa. Dennis Pratt anotarisira kudzidzira vana uye mushonga wemukati muSierra Leone. Ivan Gomez de Assis anoda kudzidzira kurapa kwemapfupa muBrazil.[36] Walter Titz, anobvawo kuBrazil, anoda kudzidzira zvemishonga kwemakore mashoma ozodzidza nezvepfungwa.[37]
Amanda Louis anoshuma kuti imba yake yeCaribbean yeSt. Lucia inongova neoncologist imwe chete uye nzeve imwe chete, mhino, uye chiremba wehuro, asi anonzwa kuti kune varapi vese vakakwana uye ob/gyn doctors. Anoda kuita nyanzvi yenephrology (itsvo) kusagadzikana. Yell Eric anofunga kuti kune varapi vazhinji munyika yake yechitsuwa cheAfrica yeSao Tomo Principe, uye haana chokwadi chekuti anoda kuita hunyanzvi here kana kuti kwete. [38] Lorine Auma paanodzokera kuKenya, anoda kutarisa nezve orthopedics kana psychiatry. Zvichida anonyanya kufanana nevadzidzi veELAM ndiJoyce Letsiela akazvipira kubatsira nharaunda dzisina kuchengetedzwa muLesotho uye anonzwa kuti pane kushomeka kukuru kwevarapi nenyanzvi.
matambudziko
Kunyange zvazvo ELAM ine mazana mashanu ezvigaro zvakagadzirirwa vadzidzi veUnited States, 117 chete yakazadzwa kubva munaEpril 2010. The Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization (IFCO), iyo inoongorora vashandi veUnited States kuELAM, inokurudzira zvakasimba vanhu vane mari shoma vane ruvara kuti vashandise. Asi chinodiwa chikuru ndechekuti vadzidzi varatidze kuzvipira kushanda munharaunda dzine kutambudzika.[39]
Vechidiki vazhinji vanobva kuUnited States vanofunga nezvekuenda kuELAM vanowana nzira dzekuonana nevadzidzi vekuUS vatoveko. Nzira iri nani ndeye kubata IFCO uye funga kushanyira chikoro. Ndichiri pamusasa, zviri nyore kutaura nevadzidzi vekuUS vatovepo, pamwe nevadzidzi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanotaura Chirungu.
Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuona chikoro chekurapa:
1. Chitarisiko chomuviri. Zvichienzaniswa neumbozha hwezvikoro zvekurapa zveUS, ELAM ine zvinhu zvishoma zvekudiwa. Mvura yaro inoyerera inongowanikwa pamaawa akati, uye zvimbudzi zvinofanira kugezwa nemugomo. Cuba kazhinji inofanirwa kupira zvepamusoro kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese ane zvaanoda.
2. Unhu hwekudzidziswa. Kunyangwe EAM ichipa mabhuku muchiSpanish, mamwe mabhuku anogona kunetsa kuwana. Zvikoro zveUS zvinopa dzidziso yakanangana neUS medical board bvunzo, asi vadzidzi veELAM vanowana mamwe maoko-pane ruzivo kare.
3. Kuzvipira kugadzira mushonga mutsva. Iri muchikamu ichi kuti ELAM inodarika chikoro chese chekurapa pasirese (kunyangwe Venezuela ingangove nezvikoro zvakafanana). Ichi chinofanira kunge chiri chikonzero icho vadzidzi vanonyorera.
Manheru ndisati ndabva parwendo rwangu rwekuHavana, ndakava nekurukurirano huru pamusoro pechiitiko cheELAM nemwanasikana wangu, Rebecca Fitz, zvino ava mudzidzi wegore rechitatu, uye mumwe wake, Ivan Angulo, uyo achangopedza gore rake rechitanhatu. 40] Vakatsanangudza zvinhu zvakawanda izvo ELAM inopa pasina muripo: (1) makirasi nemabhuku ekuverenga; (2) imba yekurara; (3) kudya (katatu pazuva); (4) mabasa ekurapa, anosanganisira kuvhiyiwa kwekukurumidzira uye kwakasarudzika (Vazhinji veELAM vadzidzi vanogashira maitiro ekugadzirisa akadai sekuvhiyiwa kweziso uye mabhureki.); (5) zvinhu zvakadai semayunifomu maviri evadzidzi, stethoscope, blood pressure cuff, mosquito net, shangu, masokisi, machira, gumbeze, jasi rechando, uye midziyo yesirivha; (6) migove, kubatanidza sipo, bepa rechimbuzi (Usaende kupi nokupi muCuba usina chimbudzi chako umene!), chokuwachisa mbatya, mushonga wemazino, chinonhuwira, uye zvokushandisa kuchikoro; uye (7) stipend yezana pesos pamwedzi (Ndakawana ice cream pacampus yepeso imwe chete. Doro rinoita mapeso gumi; saka vadzidzi vanokwanisa kuzorora kubva mukufunda nekunwa doro mazuva matatu ega ega.).
Sezvineiwo, ELAM inopa matambudziko kuvadzidzi vakajaira hupenyu muUnited States. Chinodiwa chekutanga chekugamuchirwa ndechekukwanisa kunyora nhoroondo yekuzvipira kune hutano hwevanhu. ELAM haipo kupa vanhu rwendo rwemahara kuburikidza nechikoro chekurapa. Vadzidzi vanotarisirwa kuratidza kuti vachapa zvakawanda kunharaunda dzavanogara sezvavanopihwa neELAM.
Kunyangwe hazvo ELAM ichibhadhara mari dzekutanga pavanenge vachienda kuchikoro, vadzidzi vanofanirwa kuwana chekufambisa kuenda nekubva kuCuba. Iyi haisi nyaya yevadzidzi vazhinji vekuUS; asi vadzidzi vazhinji havana mari yekudzokera kumba muchirimo. IFCO inokurudzira vadzidzi vekuUS kuti vapedze zvidzidzo zvekoreji mubiology, chemistry, uye fizikisi vasati vaenda kuELAM, vachiyambira kuti vanogona kutarisisa Spanish vasvika. Vadzidzi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika zhinji vanogona kutanga chikoro chekurapa vachangopedza chikoro chesekondari, uye vanogona kutora chero makosi esainzi anodiwa mukati megore rekutanga rekutanga pre-med.
Vadzidzi vanofanira kukwanisa kugara munyika isina humbozha hwakawandisa. Vazhinji havaoni izvi zvakanyanya kuoma, sezvo vachiziva kuti Cuba inochengetedza tarisiro yehupenyu yakaenzana neUnited States nekupa zviwanikwa zvayo kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese ane zvakakosha. Iyo US embargo yehupfumi inoita shuwa kuti hapana zvakawanda zvakawanda. Vadzidzi vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kugeza kubva mubhaketi uye kugara nechamupupuri asi pasina air conditioning. Usatarisira kushandisa kadhi rechikwereti reUS kuCuba.
Iyo yekudyira inopa chikafu chemasangano chisina zvakasiyana izvo zvinosarudzwa nevakawanda. Hazvisi zvisizvo kuona kuomerwa kwekugadzirisa kusavapo kwezvido zvekunyaradza zvemunhu, senge brownies, mvura inoyerera inopisa, kana nzvimbo yakavanzika. Pane muitiro wekuve wezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvinoshamisa kune vakawanda, asi zvinogona kushamisa kune vamwe. Semuenzaniso, vadzidzi vanotarisirwa (asi hazvidiwi) kutora chikamu muzviitwa zvenhumwa dzenyika yavo, uye hurukuro dzekirasi dzinogona kusanganisira basa renyika yavo mu imperialism.
ELAM yakagadzirirwa vadzidzi vanosiya nyika yavo kekutanga, dzimwe nguva pazera regumi nematanhatu, kuenda kuchikoro chekurapa. Vanhu vekuAmerica, avo vanowanzove vakura, vanogona kushamiswa nezvinodiwa zvakaita sekutora makosi edzidzo yemuviri kana kupedza husiku pakambasi Muvhuro kusvika Chishanu.
Pakupedzisira, ruzhinji rwevadzidzi vanobva kunyika dzine shungu dzekutumira vadzidzi kuELAM kuti vave vanachiremba vakadzidziswa kuCuba. Izvi hazvisizvo neBrazil neUnited States. Sangano rekurapa reBrazil, Colรฉgio Mรฉdico, rine mitemo yakasiyana nehurumende yeLula uye haizivi madhigirii kubva kuELAM. Vadzidzi vekuUS havana dambudziko iri, asi vanofanirwa kutora bvunzo dzakafanana nezvinoitwa nemunhu wese anowana dhigirii risiri rekuUS, uye vanofanirwa kudzidza zvakanyanya kubvunza mibvunzo inoenderana neUS kwete yemhando yekurapa yekuCuba.
Vadzidzi vekuUS havagone kutarisira chero rutsigiro kubva kuUS Interests Section, inotsiva embassy (mumiriri weUS haapo, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwehukama pakati penyika mbiri idzi). Kunyangwe zviri pamutemo kuenda kuCuba nechinangwa chedzidzo (sechikoro chekurapa), hurumende yeUS inoshandisa zvirambidzo zvakawanda pakufamba kuenda kuCuba kupfuura chero imwe nyika, uye hapana chainopa kutsigira vadzidzi veELAM.
Chisimbiso
Zvichida kupokana kwakanyanya nenyika ine chisimba zvakanyanya pasirese kusimbiswa kwesimba reELAM. Iyo Cuban yeruzhinji hutano modhi inotsvaga kunzwisisa matambudziko ekurapa nekudzidza kuzara uye kukwana kwemamiriro emunhu ematambudziko iwayo. ELAM iri pakati pekuedza kweCuba kubatanidza hurongwa hwayo hwekurapa nezvinodiwa nevanhu vasina kuchengetedzwa pasirese. Iyo Cuban modhi yakavakirwa pakutenda kuti zvirwere zvevanhu hazvigone kugadziriswa zvakanyanya pasina kugadzirisa nzanga inogadzira hwaro hwezvirwere izvozvo.
Iyi modhi yakakwezva vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri vadzidzi vekunze. Cassandra Cusack Curbelo anotenda kuti โHapana chiitiko chakafanana nezviuru zvinouya pamwechete nepfungwa imwechete yemishonga. Zvinoita sekunge isu hatina kuparadzaniswa mumakondinendi maviri, asi isu tiri vanhu vamwe vanogovana nhoroondo yakafanana yekurwa. Izvi ndizvo izvo ELAM inotivhurira maziso. "
Sekureva kwaKetia Brown, mudzidzi wechitatu wezvechiremba, "ELAM ndiyo shanduko yakaitika. Tinofanira kuedza kuva nepurojekiti yekuchinja munyika yecapitalist. " ELAM ipurojekiti yakadaro. Iko kurwira kwekuziva kutsva kwekurapa sechikamu chekurwira kuvandudza hutano hwepasirese.
Don Fitz ([email inodzivirirwa]) mupepeti we Synthesis/Regeneration: A Magazine of Green Social Thought. Ndiye Co-Coordinator weGreen Party yeSt. Louis uye anogadzira Green Time akabatana neKDHX-TV.
Kutenda
Munyori anoda kuonga ELAM Rector Juan Carrizo, Mutungamiriri weInternational Relations, Nancy Remรณn Sรกnchez, Munyori Mukuru weProjekti ELAM, Wuilmaris Pรฉrez Torres, uye Mubatsiri Purofesa weMGI, Dr. Raul Jorge Miranda, nokuda kweruzivo rwavo uye rubatsiro panyaya ino. .
Notes
1. Steve Brouwer, "Chiremba weCuban Revolutionary: The Ultimate Weapon of Solidarity," Monthly Review 60 no. 8 (Ndira 2009): 28-42.
2. John M. Kirk naMichael H. Erisman, Cuban Medical Internationalism: Origins, Evolution and Goals (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).
3. Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM), http://elacm.sld.cu/index (yakabudiswa muna July 8, 2010).
4. Hurukuro naExa Gonzales, vari mundege pamusoro peGulf of Mexico, Zvita 28, 2009.
5. Brouwer, โThe Cuban Revolutionary Doctor,โ 28-42.
6. Mashoko ose pamusoro peHaiti anobva kuna Emily J. Kirk naJohn M. Kirk, โCuban Medical Aid kuHaiti: Imwe Yezvakavanzika Zvakanakisisa Munyika,โ Synthesis / Kuberekwazve: Magazini yeGreen Social Thought Nhamba 53 (Fall 2010).
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM), http://elacm.sld.cu/index.html.
10. Kirk naErisman, Cuban Medical Internationalism, 3, 169, 112.
11. Ana Fernรกndez Assรกn, Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM), http://elacm.sld.cu/index.html (yakabudiswa muna Chikunguru 8, 2010).
12. Ruzivo rweYAB rwakawanikwa kubva mubvunzurudzo naKetia Brown uye gwaro rakapihwa naOmavi Bailey: Yaa Asantewaa Brigade, Nyamavhuvhu 15-Gunyana 5, 2010. African Medical Corps-Ghana Proposal. Latin American School of Medicine, Carretera Panamericana 3 ยฝ KM, Santa Fe, Playa, La Habana, Cuba CP 19142. Kuti uwane ruzivo nezveSangano reVanachiremba vemuAfrica, ona http://africanmedicalcorps.com. Kunyangwe Cuba ichipa rutsigiro kuGhana Project, inoda imwe mari. Mipiro inogona kuitwa pa http://birthingprojectusa.org.
13. Ibid., 2.
14. Cliff DuRand, โHumanitarianism uye Solidarity Cuban-Sineyi,โ Z Magazine, November 2007, 44-47.
15. Hurukuro naKetia Brown uye gwaro rakapihwa naOmavi Bailey: Yaa Asantewaa Brigade, 6.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., 7.
18. Linda M. Whiteford, naLaurence G. Bazi, Yekutanga Hutano Hutano muCuba: Iyo Imwe Revolution (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2008), 2.
19. Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM).
20. Emily J. Kirk naJohn M. Kirk, โCuban Medical Aid kuHaiti.โ
21. Brouwer, "Chiremba weChimurenga weCuba."
22. Hurukuro naNancy Remรณn Sรกnchez, ELAM, Chivabvu 30, 2010.
23. Hurukuro naWuilmaris Pรฉrez Torres, Chivabvu 30, 2010.
24. Hurukuro naIvan Angulo Torres, Havana Cuba, Chivabvu 31, 2010.
25. Pamusoro pebasa reconsultorio muCuban health system, ona Lee T. Dresang, Laurie Brebick, Danielle Murray, Ann Shallue, naLisa Sullivan-Vedder, "Mushonga wemhuri muCuba: Community-Oriented Primary Care uye Complementary uye Alternative Mushonga," Chinyorwa cheAmerican Board of Family Medicine 18 kwete. 4 (Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu, 2005): 297-303.
26. Hurukuro naDr. Alejandro Fadragas Fernรกndez naMaitรฉ Perdomo, Consultorio Nhamba 5, Havana, Cuba, Zvita 30, 2009.
27. Hurukuro naKetia Brown, ELAM, Chivabvu 31, 2010.
28. Hurukuro naCassandra Cusack Curbelo, Elam, Ndira 23, 2010.
29. Hurukuro naAnmnol Colindres, ELAM, Chivabvu 26, 2010.
30. Hurukuro naAmanda Louis, ELAM, Chivabvu 28, 2010.
31. Hurukuro naDennis Pratt, ELAM, Chivabvu 26, 2010.
32. Hurukuro naJonalisa Livi Tapumanaia, ELAM, Chivabvu 28, 2010.
33. Hurukuro naLorine Auma, ELAM, June 2, 2010.
34. Hurukuro naKeitumetse Joyce Letsiela, ELAM, Chikumi 2, 2010.
35. Lee T. Dresang et al., "Mushonga weMhuri muCuba."
36. Hurukuro naIvan Gomez de Assis, ELAM, May 27, 2010.
37. Hurukuro naWalter Titz, ELAM, Chikumi 2, 2010.
38. Hurukuro naYell Eric, ELAM, Chikumi 2, 2010.
39. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama nezveELAM, kosi yezvino yevadzidzi vekuUS, uye kunyorera, ona http://pastorsforpeace.org.
40. Hurukuro naRebecca Fitz naIvan Angulo Torres, Havana, Cuba, Chikumi 3, 2010.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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