Mukupera kwaKurume, International Action Center [http://www.iacenter.org] yakaronga nhumwa kuenda kuDominican Republic kuti vaongorore zvakaitwa neUS musi wa29 Kukadzi 2004 kupidigura Mutungamiri Jean Bertrand Aristide nehurumende yeLavalas. . 'Vapanduki' vekuHaiti vanozivikanwa kuve vakadzidzisa uye vakapinda uye vakapinda muHaiti vachibva kuDominican Republic yakavakidzana.
Retired US Army Master Sajeni uye munyori weHideous Dream uye Full Spectrum Disorder, aive mumwe wevaongorori.
Fenton: Imhandoi yemashure yaunofanira kujairana nayo pakuita rudzi urwu rwekuferefeta?
Goff: Pave nehukama hwenguva refu pakati pemauto eDominican nemidziyo yekare yemauto yakatanga mushure mekunge Papa Doc aita hukama nemaAmerican.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti Papa Doc akakwiridzirwa musimba nemaAmerican, asi chaizvo, zvakapesana zvaive zvechokwadi. Mafungiro aPapa Doc aive mamwe akakura kubva mukupokana kwakanyanyisa uye kupikisa nyika kurwisa maAmerican, uye ivo vakaronga kumupandukira pakutanga. Paive nemapoka maviri eboka raitonga: chimwe chaive chakavakirwa zvakanyanya pahurongwa hwevhu hwekugovanisa zvirimwa uyezve kwakave nevekukwira uye vaiuya vekirasi yecompradore vaive vepasirese uye vane cosmopolitan pamaonero avo uye ndivo vaive kuwana zvakanyanya kubva mukutorwa kwechiuto - makore gumi nemapfumbamwe kutora kwemauto kubva mushure meHondo Yenyika I, kusvika pakati pemakore makumi matatu, neUnited States.
Kwemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe vemauto eUS Marines vaimhanyisa Haiti zvakananga, uye Papa Doc akakwidziridzwa musimba mukupindura kune izvozvo nekuti chimiro cheCapitalist chekurima chakaunzwa muHaiti chaive chinotyisa kune ino tsika yevhu, iyi yekugovana zvirimwa. Ichi ndicho chaicho chigadziko chemagariro chekufamba kwaPapa Doc yaive iyi kirasi yakagara, varidzi vevhu hombe. Imwe yemabviro etonton macoutes yaive yekuti iyi yaive mauto aaishandisa kuzvidzivirira kubva kuuto rakanga richiri munzira dzakawanda dzakavimbika kune iri mukwikwidzi kirasi, macompradors, uye vaive vasina kuvimbika mune zvematongerwo enyika kusvika Papa Doc vawana nguva yekukanganisa yavo. shanduko yako muchiuto.
Iri mauto akakura pasi paPapa Doc aive nehukama neuto reDominican. Muchokwadi, ivo vakaita senge varipo kune mumwe nemumwe semutsara wavo wekuita. Ivo vaviri vakabatirana munzira dzakawanda: vakabatirana mumabhizinesi ematsotsi, vakabatana munyaya dzekuchengetedza, vakabatana mune zvematongerwo enyika, nekuti vese vaive vebato remauto enyika dzavo, uye vaive nechido chakananga mukugadzikana pazvose zviri zviviri. mativi emuganhu, uye hukama uhwu hwakagara. VechiDominicans pachavo, ivo vaive vakuru veDominican, havana kana kumbofara nezvaAristide, sezvakaita nhengo zhinji dzeuto reDominican dzisina kufara nekuparadza kwaAristide muchiuto {Aristide akaparadza mauto paakadzoka kekutanga}.
Fenton: Saka kana zviri zvezviitwa zvichangoburwa, iyi yaingova nyaya yekuti shamwari ibatsire shamwari?
Mubvunzo wakazova: ko vakomana ava vakaita sei - kunyanya vanhu vakaita sa [Louis] Jodel Chamblain, angangove ari hunyanzvi hwekuita zvese izvi, uye Guy Philippe: vakomana ava vakakwanisa sei kutenderera muDominican Republic kwemakore gumi naChamblain. watotongerwa mitongo miviri yeupenyu hwose nekuda kwekuponda kwaGuy Malory naAnoitne Izmewry? Uye akabatwa nemhosva'ยฆhapaifanira kunge paine dambudziko nehurongwa hwekudzosera. Panzvimbo pezvo, vakamupa pokupotera ikoko.
Takataura nevashandi vepacustoms avo vakavafambisa kuenda nekudzoka vachiyambuka bhodha kakawanda uye vakatiratidza paigara Jodel Chamblainโยฆaive nemusikana chaimo muSanto Domingo.
Ipapo takataura nomumwe mukuru wehondo akanga achangobva kurega basa; mumwe munhu anopikisa mukuru, mukuru weDominican. Zita rake ndiNobel Espejo. Akange apedza imwe nguva nevaVenezuela munguva yakapfuura sechikamu chebudiriro yake yehunyanzvi. Aifarira zvikuru Venezuela, aifarira zvikuru kuti mauto akaita sei basa rekushandura magariro evanhu, uye mashandisiro aakaita mashandiro emauto ehurumende kuwedzera kuzivikanwa uye kusangana nevanhuwo zvavo, kusiyana nekuve chimwe chinhu chiri kunze uko. pamusoro napamusoro pavanhu; chimwe chinhu chakanyanya 'che' vanhu. Anofarira kwazvo izvozvo, uye anofarira zvikuru shanduko inofambira mberi muDominican Republic. Ndakataura naye kweinenge hafu yeawa.
Fenton: Chii chawakakwanisa kunhonga kubva kuna General Espejo?
Mubvunzo wedu waive wekuti: ko vakomana ava vakawana sei midziyo nekudzidziswa zvavaida kuti vadzoke vachiyambuka bhodha? Nokuti, munoziva, vanhu vokuHaiti vari kuita izvi muDominican Republic, vachabuda pachena; vanozobuda panze kunge chigumwe chinorwadza, nekuti DR haisi nzvimbo yekuti vanhu vanongomhanya nepfuti. Vanhu vazhinji vane pfuti asi zvinodzorwa zvakanyanya uye kazhinji kacho mapurisa kana echiuto'ยฆVanhu vekuHaiti vanobuda pachena nekuti vanotariswa zvakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kuziva matauriro avo.
Zvinoitika kuti sekureva kwaEspejo, kuti nhandare yemauto isiri kure zvakanyanya kubva kumuganhu, inonzi Constanza, yaiwanzogara kune battalion yevanodaidza kuti Castasdores, yakaita se'Ranger' kana 'Shock Infantry'. Imwe battalion yakanga yakamira pano. Pane imwe nguva mugore ra2000, vakawedzera kuti; vakatamisa mamwe mauto maviri eCastadores kuConstanza. Vakaita izvi nekuti vanhu vemuguta reConstanza vaitoziva vanhu vakanga vatumwa ikoko. Chero zviso zvitsva zvaizomira pachena asi nekuunza mamwe mauto maviri kubva, mamwe mabhesi muConstanza, vakazadza nharaunda neboka remasoja matsva uye vakasangana nemasoja aya vaive mauto eHaiti, aive akapfeka yunifomu yeDominican, akabatanidzwa muhondo. Dominican zvikamu, uye kugamuchira kudzidziswa neuto reDominican.
Fenton: Izvi zvakatanga kuitika kumashure muna2000? Pane mumwe munhu aiziva nezvazvo here?
Paiva nemumiriri wemauto pamuzinda weU.S. Hazvina kugumbuka kuti zvakaitika, asi ndakagumbuka kuti hapana akamuudza nezvazvo'ยฆkune imwe pfungwa yekoloni kumusoro uko kuUS Embassy muSanto Domingo. Akada kuburuka kuti aone kuti chii chaitora nzvimbo achibva adzoswa kuConstanza; akatsamwa uye akaedza kumudheerera kuti apinde. Zviri pachena kuti mumwe mushandi wemukuru weuto reDominican, maererano naEspejo, akasangana neEmbassy yeUnited States. Zvinonyanya kutyorwa kweprotocol kumukuru wemauto ari muuto renyika, kuti aende akananga kuMukuru weChiteshi. Ivo vanogara vachipfuura nekubatanidza kwavo, inova yemauto, kana mauto anonamatira kuUS Embassy.
Zvingava kukanganisa kwakakwana kweprotocol kuti vaende pamusoro pemusoro wavo, asi munyaya iyi ndizvo chaizvo zvavakaita; vakatenderera murume uyu kumumiriri wenguva, murume uyu ndokudzingwa basa. Zviripachena kuti ichi chaive chimwe chinhu chaive nezvematongerwo enyika panguva iyoyo, asi zvakasimbisa zvese zvataive tichinzwa nezve maHaiti vaidzidziswa vachiripo. Ndinofunga kuti vakaroorana vakanaka pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvose zvatainzwa.
Fenton: Zvakadini nenyaya yezvombo zveAmerica kuwana nzira yavo mune aya maHaitian paramilitaries maoko?
Izvi zvakatonyanya kutsanangurwa uye zvinonetesa kupinda muno, asi pane chaiyo mutsara tsika yekupinza zvombo zveAmerica muDominican Republic, izvo zvinozoendeswa kuuto reDominican. Kutengwa kwese kwezvombo muDominican Republic kunoitwa nekambani yakazvimirira uyezve zvombo zvese zviri zvechiuto zvinogona kungotengeswa kuuto reDominican, hazvibvumidzwe kutengeswa pamusika wega. Pfuti nepfuti dzekuvhima, nezvimwewo zvakanaka, asi kurwisa zvombo kwete. Kambani huru yekutenga zvombo [Ejelio Peralte] muDominican Republic yakagamuchira zvombo zviuru makumi maviri, Espejo akatiudza kuti pakanga paine zviuru makumi maviri zveM20,000 zvisina kumbosvika kumauto eDominican, saka vakapinda uye vakaenda kukambani iyi, asi. kamwe kamwe pane disconnect iyi. Ko, vakaenda kupi? Ndakaudzwa pamusika wevanhu; ndiko kutyora mutemo weDominican. Isu tinofungidzira zvakasimba kuti vazhinji veavo vakapedzisira vava mumaoko evaHaiti, uye vanogona kunge vari muHaiti izvozvi.
Fenton: Saka ava โvapandukiโ vakanyatsodzidziswa uye zvichida vakashongedzerwa neUnited States neDominican Republic, kubvira muna 2000. โVapandukiโ ava vari kuitei iye zvino uye mashoko aya anopindirana papi maererano nezvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura?
Kubva pamishumo yese yatiri kunzwa izvozvi, aya maFRAPH paramilitaries ave kumhanya-mhanya kuita chero chavanoda, chero kwavanoda, muHaiti. Vanhu vamwechete vaive nemhosva dzese idzi mhosva dzakaitirwa vanhu kubva 1991-1994; mauto aya erudyi emauto ehondo ari kufamba-famba, ane zvombo, uye asiri kukanganiswa nemauto eFrance, eCanada, kana eAmerica, uye vachitora dhorobha nedhorobha, uye vachizviita sehurumende dzenzvimbo. Muchokwadi kune mhirizhonga yemauto eFrance ekunze muCap Haitien izvozvi. Takazonzwa kuti Chamblain aive nevakomana vake vese vachinwa doro muMt Jolie hotel, vakapfeka ma uniform avo. Ndiyo mhando yemamiriro ezvinhu.
Aya ndiwo mamiriro asina kunyatsonzwisisa izvozvi. Yakanga iri coup yakanga yakarongwa uye yakafambiswa kwemakore mana nehafu apfuura nehurumende yeUnited States, zvakajeka, uye zvakajeka, uye zvakaratidzwa nehurumende yeUnited States, kana iwe ukatarisa mamiriyoni emadhora akashandiswa nehurumende. NED uye IRI kune iyi yekunyepedzera inopikisa yezvematongerwo enyika yakagadzira 'dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika'. Yakanga iri United States iyo yakawedzerawo kuti nedambudziko rehupfumi nekunyima inenge hafu yebhirioni yemadhora muzvikwereti uye kodzero kuhurumende yeHaiti kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti hurumende yaAristide yaisakwanisa kuita chero ipi zvayo yezvipikirwa zvayo zvezvematongerwo enyika.
Uye zvino [ivo] vakatevera nedambudziko rekuchengetedza rakagadzirwa nekupinda uku kwevamiriri veHaiti vachiuya vakananga kubva kuDominican Republic, uye neruzivo uye pamwe nekuwirirana kweUS Embassy ikoko zvakare. Nekuti zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti hurumende yeDominican haiite chero chinhu chemauto icho United States isingaitenderi kuita. Hurumende yeDominican ihurumende yekoloni, uye hapana chimwe, nekuti vaizotambura zvisingaite uye zvinorangwa zvehupfumi zvirango zvevakarova Washington Consensus. Aya ndiwo mamiriro ayo vanhu vazhinji havanzwisise kana vachitarisa zviri kuitika ipapo. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chingadai chakaitika pasina kuwirirana kweUnited States, pasina kufambiswa neUnited States, pasina mari nerutsigiro rweUnited States, uye kutsetseka kwekeke inyaya yekuti paminiti yekupedzisira, varwi veAmerica. , nezvombo, pinda muimba yeMutungamiri uye uudze Mutungamiri - Mutungamiri akasarudzwa nedemocraticly weHaiti, akasarudzwa ne92% yevhoti, kuti anofanira kubva. Kwete kuti 'tiri pano kukudzivirirai nekuti kune vamiriri vari kufora pano vachiuya kuzokutorai izvozvi', asi kuti 'vemauto vari munzira: vachakuuraya iwe nemhuri yako. Your option is to stay here and die, or toenda nesu nendege, kuna mwari anoziva kupi'. Kuti Colin Powell nevamwe veVashandi veHurumende vagare ipapo uye vataure kuti izvi zvinoreva kubva nekuzvidira kana kusamanikidzwa'ยฆ.zvinopesana nekutenda. Ndiyo mhando yeshanduro pfupi.
Fenton: Tsanangura mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika aripo
Ruzhinji rwenyika rwakangosiiwa kuMacoutes. Iyi ingano imwe yemazana. Kubva pane radar skrini yemunhu wese pane huipi hunoshamisa huri kuitika muHaiti izvozvi. Vanhu vari kuurayiwa zuva rega rega, kwete vashoma chete. Izvi zvakanyatsofanana nezvakaitika pasi pehurumende yeCedras-Francois de facto, kunze kwekuti ikozvino thaere haisi kunyange chero nzira ipi zvayo, iri kwose kwose. Hakuchina hurumende ikoko zvachose, Latortue ibuffoon, haana simba pamusoro pechinhu chipi nechipi, uye chaizvoizvo anobatwa munzvimbo isingakundiki zvikuru iye zvino yekubatwa pakati peaya maviri anotonga facitons. Mapato maviri ari kutonga aya achaurayana munguva pfupi iri kuuya. Vanhu vanenge vachikwenya misoro yavo vachiti โoh, maHaitian anopenga aya, ari kuitei?โ
Ichokwadi kuti [mapoka aya] ane zvishuwo zvehupfumi zvinopikisa. When push comes to shoveโยฆChinhu chakavaisa pamwe chete, iyi โcoalitionโ iyo yakagadziridzwa uye yakatsigirwa neUnited States Embassy zasi uko, kwaiva kutya kukuru kweHaitian popular sovereignty, kutya ruzhinji rweHaiti; kwete nekuti Aristide akatanga rudzi irworwo rwehuchangamire hwakakurumbira, asi chokwadi chekuti aive nekugona. Idi rokuti Aristide akanga atanga hukama neruzhinji rweHaiti, nevarombo, varimi, vagari vezvitangwena. Ndizvo zvakaita kuti ave tyisidziro, uye ndizvo zvakaita kuti Aristide, zvisinei kuti akateedzera kangani zvaidiwa neWashington Consensus, IMF, kana chero ani zvake, haambofa akararama izvi nekuti akaramba akakwanisa kusimudza ruzhinji urwu. . Yakanga iri chokwadi chokuti aigona kuita izvi, kuti aisagona kutiza. Hurumende yaAristide pachake yakapa sarudzo kune vanopikisa, izvo zvandinofunga kuti chaiva chiito chekutya. Zvakadaro, ivo vakapa, uye chikonzero icho vanopikisa vakaramba izvozvo, sekunge pepanhau reUS raitaura kuti Aristide aive asingafarirwe, imhaka yekuti vaiziva chaizvo kuti Aristide angadai akakunda mukudonha, zvakare.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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