Sayenzi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze yave pachena, asi zvematongerwo enyika zvine madhaka. Kubva kare, vaisvibisa zvakanyanya inyika dzakapfuma, dzakabudirira, saka zvaive nemusoro kuti vaifanira kubhadhara mutengo wepamusoro. Kyoto Protocol, yakagamuchirwa muna December 1997, yakaisa zvinangwa zvinosungirwa kuti nyika idzi dzideredze kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa mhepo ne5 muzana paavhareji zvichienzaniswa nemwero wa1990 panosvika 2012. mazinga. Mutemo weAmerican Clean Energy and Security Act, uyo wakadzikwa muna Chikumi, unosungira US kuti ideredze kuburitsa kusvika pagumi nenomwe muzana pazasi pemazinga a2007 panosvika 16, asi izvi zvinongori zvikamu zvina pazasi pemazinga a1990.
Kyoto Protocol inobvumirawo nyika dzakabudirira kuti dzitengese mugove wadzo wekubvisa kabhoni, uye kuisa mari muzvirongwa zvekuderedza kabhoni munyika dzichiri kusimukira vachichinjana neCertified Emission Reduction Units, dzavanogona kushandisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa. Asi kutengeserana kwehutsi, kana kugadzirisa, haisi iyo nzira yekudzikisa kuburitswa. Sezvakataurwa neBreakthrough Institute, tangi yekufunga kwezvakatipoteredza, kuburitswa kwechiito cheAmerica kwaizobvumira "bhizinesi semazuva ese" kukura mumhepo yeUS kusvika 2030, "zvichitungamira munhu kushamisika: iripi 'cap' mu 'cap uye. kutengesa'?".
Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvine chekuita nekuita kuti mhepo yakapoteredza pasi ive yega pane kudzivirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze; kodzero dzekuburitsa hutsi dzakatangwa neKyoto Protocol dzakapetwa kakati wandei kupfuura mwero unodiwa kudzivirira kukwira kwe2ยฐC kwekushisa kwepasi rose. Migove yeUK, semuenzaniso, yakawedzera kusvika 736 miriyoni matani ecarbon dioxide mumakore matatu, zvichireva kuti hapana kudzikisira zvisungo. Uye kodzero dzekuburitsa zvinoburitsa purofiti yepamusoro kune vanosvibisa.
Iyo Emissions Trading Scheme yakapa mvumo yegumi muzana kupfuura 10 emission level. Izvi zvakashandura kusvika kumamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu ematani ezvakasara zvekabhoni, izvo pamitengo ya2005 zvinoshandura kuita purofiti inodarika $150bn.
Kutengeserana kweCarbon kunoshandisa zviwanikwa zvevanhu vane urombo uye matunhu ane hurombo se "offsets" kune nyika dzakapfuma: zvakachipa pakati pe50 ne200 nguva yekudyara miti munyika dzine urombo kuti utore CO2 pane kudzikisa kuburitswa kwemhepo. Mune mamwe mazwi, mutoro we "kuchenesa" unowira pamusoro pevarombo. Kubva pakuona kwemusika, izvi zvingaita sezvinoshanda, asi maererano nekutonga kwesimba, zvakashata kuremedza varombo kaviri - kutanga nekukanganisa kwekusvibiswa kweCO2 nenzira yenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze uyezve nekubvisa kusvibiswa kwevapfumi.
Muhupfumi hwepasi rose, kugadzirisa kusvibiswa nekuisa mazinga ekuburitsa munyika imwe neimwe hazvina kukodzera nezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, havasi vagari vose venyika vanoparira kusvibiswa. Nekuda kwekuti China yave fekitori yepasi rose, kuburitsa kwayo CO2 kunodarika kweUS, kuchiisa panzvimbo yekutanga pasi rese. Muna 2006, China yakagadzira 6.1 bhiriyoni matani eCO2; US yakagadzira 5.75 bhiriyoni matani. Asi muUS, kubuda kwacho kwaive matani gumi nemapfumbamwe eCO19 pamunhu, zvichienzaniswa ne2 matani muChina. Uye yakawanda yeChina CO4.6 inogona kuverengerwa seUS emissions, nekuti China iri kugadzira zvinhu zvemakambani eUS izvo zvinodyiwa neAmerica. Wal-Mart, semuenzaniso, inotora yakawanda yainotengesa kubva kuChina.
Saizvozvo, nepo 2.13% chete yehutsi hwepasi rose hunobva kuhupfumi hwepamba hweUK, CO2 inogadzirwa pachinzvimbo cheUK kuChina, India, Africa nekumwewo. Iyo yepasi rose kabhoni tsoka yemakambani eUK haizivikanwe, asi fungidziro dzinoratidza kuti kuburitswa kwakabatana nekushandiswa kwepasirese kwepamusoro zana zvigadzirwa zveUK zvinoverengera pakati pegumi nemaviri negumi neshanu muzana muzana repasi rose.
Nekuda kwekusimudzira maindasitiri, varombo vekumaruwa muChina neIndia vari kurasikirwa neminda yavo nemararamiro. Kuvaverenga sevasvibisi imhosva kaviri. Kana mafemu epasi rose achiendesa kuChina kana India, anofanirwa kuve nemhosva yekusvibiswa kwaanotakura mhiri kwemakungwa.
Kudzora nekutengesa kabhoni kwakafanana nekutamba sezvo Roma ichipisa. Hurumende neUN dzinofanira kuisa mutero wekabhoni kumakambani, zvese zvekugadzira - pese pane zvivakwa zvavo - uye zvekutakura, izvo Kyoto Protocol isingazvidavirire zvakananga. Zvinokurudzira zvesimba rinogoneka zvakare zvakakosha. Isu takatarisana nesarudzo yakaoma: tinokwanisa kuparadza mamiriro ehupenyu hwevanhu pasirese nekubatirira kune "free-market" fundamentalism, kana isu tinogona kuchengetedza ramangwana redu nekuunza kutengeserana mukati memitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kururamisira kwevanhu.
Vandana Shiva muIndia wechikadzi uye muratidziri wezvakatipoteredza. Iye ndiye muvambi / director weNavdanya Research Foundation yeSainzi, Tekinoroji, uye Ecology.
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