Kunyangwe misangano yeAfD isati yaitika muGermany yese, kurambidza bato reNeo-Nazi reGermany rinonyanya kutaura, ivo AFD, yaive imwe yedzakanyanya nenharo dzinopisa nyaya.
Zvinosuruvarisa, zvimwe zve Neo-Nazi yeGermany vakachenjera chaizvo. Rudyi rurefu runoziva kutora mukana weasina kusimba mapoinzi mune yakasununguka democracy. Naizvozvo, dzidziso dzechinyakare dzakaita sechauvinism uye ultra-nationalism iyo yaimbotsanangura yeGerman yerudyi-bapiro yekunyanyisa, yatora imwe yekumashure.
Zvakadaro, masangano everuzhinji anoita kunge amuka kunjodzi yeGerman neofascism. Pave nekuratidzira kukuru kusapikisa iyo AfD muGermany yose - kwemwedzi. 100,000 varatidziri vakafora nemuMunich yegrey, kutonhora, uye kuchinaya musi wa11 Kukadzi 2024. Uye vakanga vasiri vega.
Zviratidziro izvi, izvo zvatora mwedzi zvino uye zvakurudzira vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni maviri, zvakakonzerwa fungidziro dzekudzingwa yeNeo-Nazi AfD. Mazana ezviuru zvevanhu mumaguta madiki uye kunyangwe mune yaimbova East Germany - yechokwadi nhare yeAfD - ramba uchiratidza kupesana nefascism uye kurudyi-bapiro kunyanyisa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dziri kuzeya nyaya yekuti hutongi hwejekerere huri kutyisidzirwa neAfD uye zvine ngozi zvakadii. Nyanzvi idzi pamwe nevanhuwo zvavo vari kutsvaga nzira dzekuita nekutyisidzira kuriko kwekurudyi. Nzanga yeGermany, pakupedzisira, ine hanya zvechokwadi.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, zvaiita sekunge kurudyi-bapiro AfD zvingangoita nhanho kubva pakubudirira kwesarudzo kusvika pakubudirira kwesarudzo musarudzo nhatu dzakakosha dzakatarwa muna 2024.
Zvakangodaro, vamwe vacherechedzi vezveruzivo vanotya - kunyangwe izvozvi nemisangano mizhinji kupera kwevhiki kwega kwega - kuti pfungwa yekupokana. iko kurudyi, iyo ichadzokororwa uye inodzokororwa yadzokororwazve pakupera kwevhiki kunouya, inopotsa chinetso chaicho chose chose. Ava vaongorori venhoroondo vanopokana kuti kutarisana neofascists, vachiuya nemakakatanwa achipokana navo, uye kupokana nechisimba chavo chepopulism, ichokwadi, chiitiko chisina maturo.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kure kurudyi fascism ndeye chimwe chinhu zvachose. Ndezvekuparadzwa nemaune kwedemocracy. Nehurombo, hutongi hwejekerere hunopa vavengi vavo rutsigiro rwemutemo nedziviriro nekuti vanovapa kodzero dzakafanana dzakapihwa avo vanodzivirira democracy.
The vavengi vedemocracy vachashandisa tsigiro yezvemari neyemasangano yavakapihwa nedemocracy kurwisa democracy. Vachashandisa mahofisi avo anotsigirwa nehurumende nevashandi vekutsigira kuparadza zvisaririra zvese zvedemocracy.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kushongedza camouflage inopiwa ne muchina wetsitsi uye vamwe oligarchs, iyo iri kure inova nechokwadi chekuti inoratidzika - pamberi peruzhinji - sebato rezvematongerwo enyika risina tsika. Kumunhu wokunze. AfD yekuGermany hauchazivikanwi nokukakavara kwomukati, kupesana, uye mipimo miviri.
Zvichakadaro, nzanga dzegutsaruzhinji dzinotsamira paruzhinji rwakasvinura, masangano anoshanda, uye nzira dzakadzikama dzekutonga dzinokwanisa kudzivirira democracy.
Neo-fascists akadai Martin Sellner uye Björn Höcke zivai kuti nzanga dzegutsaruzhinji dzine nzvimbo dzisina kusimba. Ivo vanotora mukana weaya mavara nenzira yakanangwa zvakanyanya.
Zvichakadaro, kutsamwa kwazvino pamusoro peNeo-Nazi temu kutama zvakakodzera. Zvisinei, zvinouya zvishoma. Neo-Nazi yeGermany uye IdentitarianMutauriri waSellner, wekuAustria, vave nenguva yakareba vachisundidzira mafungiro avo eNeo-Nazi.
Izvo zvinogona kutaurwa nezve crouch, mudzidzisi wenhoroondo uye mushandi wehurumende anogona kunzi pamutemo fascist. Sellner naHöcke vanga vachitaura nekunyora nezve Neo-Nazi ideology yavo kwemakore. Vose vari vaviri, uye AfD, vanoshandisa pop uye net tsika kuti vatepfenyure pfungwa dzavo dzekurudyi kuruzhinji rusina ruzivo rwemalemmings anovatevera.
Kurudyi kweGerman hakuna kumbosiya kana kudonhedza rusaruraganda, chena supremacist uye völkisch ideology. Pavanoshandisa izwi rekuti "völkisch”, vanoreva kubviswa kwechero munhu wavanotenda kuti ndiye vasiri vaAryan. Vanoreva nhandaro yeDachau uye Auschwitz - pasina kumbozvitaura zvinonzwika hongu.
Mumwe munhu ane chimiro chendangariro chimwe chetecho muparidzi weNeo-Nazi Götz Kubitschek. Iye, pamwe chete nevamwe, vave vachishanda mukukanganisa demokrasi kwemakore.
Vakaratidzawo huwandu hukuru hwekutsunga kuwana chinangwa chavo: kuparara kwedemocracy. Nokuti nzira dzavo uye nzira vakachenjera, vanoita sevanoshanda.
Ivo, uye avo vasina huso hweP PR vanopa mazano, vanoziva nzira yekubatanidza pop uye online tsika nemafungiro akabatana nenhoroondo fascism.
Nekushandisa nzira dzetekinoroji idzi vanovavarira kukanganisa zvakarongeka nekuparadza democracy. Kusvika pari zvino, kubudirira kwavo musarudzo kwakaratidza kuti maitiro avo anoshanda nemazvo. Right-wing populists havatombodi chirongwa chakabatana.
Uye zvakadaro, vaongorori vanoita basa redzidzo uye risina zvibereko kuyedza kutsemura Chirongwa chebato reAfD. Hazvibatsiri sekukakavara nazvo Mengele in Auschwitz sezvaanokugadzirira patafura kuti uvhiyiwe pasina anesthetics. Kuongorora zvakadzama zvechirongwa chebato reAfD kunopotsa pfungwa yacho.
Chinangwa chekurudyi ndechekufashamidza nhandare yezvematongerwo enyika uye mapuratifomu epamhepo nemarara avo akaipa, erusaruraganda kuitira kukanganisa zvachose tsika yese yedemokrasi:
- vanoisa tsvina pachinzvimbo chemweya wegutsaruzhinji;
- vanoisa zvinokurudzira rusaruraganda panzvimbo yetsitsi;
- vanonetesa kana, zviri nani, kubvisa miganhu pakati pechokwadi nenhema;
- vanodzikatidza kukwanisa kwenzanga kuziva chokwadi;
- vanoshandira kuti vagadzirise zvachose tsika dzegutsaruzhinji; uye,
- vanokudza hunihilism iyo isingachabvi kune kuwandisa of mhirizhonga.
Parizvino, zvinhu zvakawanda - Hondo yeUkraine, kusimba, kudziya kwepasirese, nezvimwe - zviri kutamba mumaoko evari kure kurudyi populist demagogues kubva "musasa wefascist" - sezvainozivikanwa muGermany. Mune nhoroondo, nguva yeHondo Yenyika II yezviitiko zvakadzikama zveNeo-Nazis mukati mehafu yechipiri ye20.th zana rapfuura. MaNeo-Nazi anhasi ari hyperactive.
Reactionary anti-modernism yakadzoka mu21st zana nenhanho inokatyamadza. Nekuda kwekubudirira kuri kuita AfD nguva pfupi yadarika, zvinonetsa kuve nechivimbo neremangwana regutsaruzhinji.
Iyo AfD inogona kushandisa chokwadi chekuti tiri kurarama munyika yakaoma kwazvo iyo iri kuchinja nekukurumidza uye iyo yekudyidzana kwepasirese inosiya kunyange nyanzvi dzinoona dzichishamisika.
Vanhu vazhinji havachagoni kunzwisisa zvizere kuoma kwoupenyu muna 21st zana remakore. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kuva nechivimbo mune ramangwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvimiro zveapocalyptic zvedambudziko remamiriro ekunze pasi rose.
Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinovhara tarisiro yeramangwana kuvanhu uye zvinotungamira kune rudzi rwekushungurudzika mamiriro. Rima riri kuuya rinobva rashandiswa neNhema huru yekuti mutungamiri akasimba achaita sei kuti ramangwana rive rakajeka uye rakakosha zvakare.
Wese munhu akaziva kuti chiyero chepasi chekudziya kwepasi chinoda mhinduro dzinofanirwa kugamuchirwa pasi rese. Munyika ine network yepasirese, vanhu vari muGlobal South havazivi chete kuparara kwekare, asiwo nezvekutsamira kwehupfumi kuchiripo nanhasi uye nekugara kuri nani kusingaenzaniswi munyika dzekuchamhembe.
Kurudyi kweGerman kunotora nzvimbo dzese idzi kuburikidza nemuchina wayo wekurudyi wekuparadzira propaganda. Iwo bots uye emanyepo enhau enhau maakaundi anopa nyore crypto-mhinduro kumatambudziko akaomarara, akabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekurangana kwekufungidzira kunoratidzika kunonangana nevanhuwo zvavo uye kuisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi.
VekuGermany vanoona nezvezvakatipoteredza veGreen bato rinoziva nezvenjodzi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye ruvengo kuvakadzi nevarombo munzanga nekudaro vanokurudzira shanduko huru mumutemo uripo.
Kuchinja kwerudzi urwu munzanga, nekufunga kwakanyanyisa, rupo kune vekunze, dai kwaizopararira munharaunda yese, kwaizobvisa dzidziso dzeneofascist zvachose.
Kurudyi kuri kure saka kugadzira kuvenga kusati kwamboitika kweGreens. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka online. Iyo nguva inoshuviwa yeinonzi "dambudziko riripo" rinoshambadzirwa seriri pedyo.
Kune vekurudyi mafashist saHöcke naTrump ino ndiyo nguva yavanga vakamirira nekuti vakagadzirira kutanga. kuderera Kumadokero - zvakare. Sezvo Goebbels akambotaura: “Haungachinji ruzhinji. Vachagara vakafanana: mbeveve, vanokara uye vanokanganwa.”
Magweta anongoita izvi nekuda kwekuda psychopathic yekuda kuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hune simba. Kwavari - ivo vanopokana nedemocratic neofascists - chokwadi chekuti nhaurirano dzegutsaruzhinji dzinowanzo netesa uye dzinoshungurudza, dzinoshanda sehumbowo hwekutenda kwavo kuti demokrasi haina kusimba - iyo yavanoona seyakaora, mupfungwa yekusvibiswa, kurwara, chirema, uye naizvozvo kubvumirwa kuurawa, sezvakaita vakaremara munguva yeNazi.
Zvichakadaro ivo vanoti - sechokwadi-bapiro rekurudyi populists - kutaura a vakanyarara vazhinji, kana sezvavanoidaidza muchiGerman: das Volk. Kune maGerman mazhinji izwi rekuti Volk rinongoreva vanhu, asi kuNeo-Nazis, AfD, uye veGermany vanopfurikidza mwero zvinoreva kuti Volksgemeinschaft, nharaunda inoda chiremera yavanotenda zvisiri izvo kuti ine chekuita nekunzi “Aryan.”
Old Tricky Dicky Nixon ane mukurumbira akashandisa nzira dzakafanana dzekutaurirana, dzinozivikanwa se miridzo yembwa, kutumira mameseji ane macode asina kujeka kune vane rusarura muOld South kuti vawane mavhoti.
Chinangwa chaicho hachisi kuita kwedemocracy asi kupidigura zvine chiremera kwedemocracy. Imhando ye kumukira kwakasviba pamusoro pechimanjemanje chakabvaruka. Kutya kwayo kwakashandurirwa mukutsigira kwekurudyi. Kurudyi hakuna pfungwa kana chirongwa chekuvakwa kweramangwana rakabudirira, uye havavimbise imwe zvakare. Hapana chikonzero.
Panzvimbo pezvo, vanoburitsa zvigumbu zvisina kujeka uye zvinosuruvarisa pamusoro pehuipi hunofungidzirwa hwedemokrasi. Vanovimbisawo dziviriro, kazhinji kubva kune muvengi wekunze, sezvazvinogona kuwanikwa muvapoteri vari kutsvaga hutiziro, mukudziya kwepasirese, muCovid-19. In zvematongerwo enyika ekutya, chero chikonzero chekare chichaita.
Zvazvinoreva ndezvekuti: "Iwe hausi chinhu, Volk yako ndiyo zvese." Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akaitwa nemaNazi ekuma1930. Kutyisa kunobva pasi - kunobva kumusoro. Nazism, fascism, pamwe neNeo-Nazism inyaya dzepamusoro-pasi.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kure kurudyi kunoshatirisa kune vakawanda zviratidzo uye nhaurirano dziri kuitika iye zvino nokuti ivo kubva pasi.
Vanovashorawo nekuti vari kupesana nedivi rekurudyi neAfD. Misangano yeruzhinji iyi zvinosuwisa haigadzirise dambudziko pamudzi wayo.
Mune mamwe mazwi, kubatanidzwa kwedemocracy kunogona kushanda nemumwe munhu mukati medemokrasi - mumwe munhu ari kuverenga kubva mubhuku rimwechete rekutamba. I
haigone kushanda nemunhu ari yakafa yakagadzirirwa kuparadza democracy. Sezvo ichi chiri chinangwa cheAfD, vanhu vari kuramba vachikurudzira kurambidzwa kweAfD.
Haasi mumwe kunze kweüber-Nazi Joseph Goebbels uyo akajekesa zvose izvi mugore 1935, paakati:
Das wird immer einer der besten Witze der Demokratie bleiben, dass sie ihren Todfeinden die Mittel selbst stellte, durch die sie vernichtet wurde. Die verfolgten Führer der NSDAP traten als Abgeordnete in den Genuss der Immunität, der Diäten und der Freifahrkarte. Dadurch waren sie vor dem polizeilichen Zugriff gesichert, durften sich zu sagen erlauben als gewöhnliche Staatsbürger und ließen sich außerdem die Kosten ihrer Tätigkeit vom Feinde bezahlen. Aus der demokratischen Dummheit ließ sich vortrefflich Kapital schlagen.
Ichagara iri imwe yemajee akanakisa edemocracy iyo yakapa vavengi vayo vanofa nenzira iyo yakaparadzwa nayo. Vatungamiriri vakatambudzwa veNSDAP, sevatevedzeri, vakanakidzwa nekudzivirirwa, kudya uye tikiti remahara. Somuuyo, ivo vakadzivirirwa pakuwana mapurisa, vakabvumirwa kuzvitaura vamene savagari vemowo zvavo uye, mukuwedzera, vakanga vane miripo yebasa ravo yakabhadharwa nomuvengi. Zvaikwanisika kuita mari yakanaka kubva hupenzi hwedemokrasi.
Democracy haidi kuita mhosho imwechete kaviri (1933 na2024). Nhamba huru yevanhu - chaizvoizvo 800,000 - vari kukurudzira kurambidzwa kweAfD.
MuGermany mose, kushevedzera kwedanho repamutemo kupikisa AfD kwave kuwedzera. A kuongorora kwezvino zvakaratidza kuti havasi pasi pe49 vakasarudzwa vezvematongerwo enyika vakagadzirira kuongorora zvakakomba kutanga matanho emutemo kurambidza AfD.
Kusundidzira kwazvino kunotsigirwa nenyaya yekuti nhengo dzeAfD dzakasangana nevapikisi verudyi uye mamwe maNeo-Nazi muhotera iri padyo nePotsdam - Wannsee 2.0 - kukurukura zvirongwa zve kudzingwa kwevanhu vakawanda yevanhu vanobva kuGermany.
AfD inodawo kudzinga avo vainoti havana kufananidzwa, kureva kuti havakodzeri muVolksgemeinschaft. Donald Trump ari kuverenga kubva mubhuku rimwe chete remitambo.
Zvichibva pamisangano mizhinji ichangoburwa ichipokana neAfD, mubvunzo wekuita kuti AfD ive isiri pamutemo - "verboten" kana kurambidzwa - yakawedzera mumavhiki apfuura. Uyu mubvunzo wekuti, "zvakanakisa sei kurwisa AfD?"
Sezvineiwo, maitiro ekurambidza AfD anogona kutangwa neBundestag (paramende), Bundesrat (seneti) pamwe neFederal Constitutional Court yekuGermany.
Zvisinei, mhinganidzo dzokurambidza bato rezvamatongerwe enyika dzakaoma zvikuru kukunda. Chinetso ndechekuti zvinhu zvese zvinogona kushata zvakanyanya. Zvakamboitika apo dare repamusoro rakaramba kurambidza raimbove bato reNeo-Nazi reGermany, iyo NPD.
Vakazonyungudika. Iyo NPD yakazvitumidza zita kumusha [Nyika] uye haaite basa chero muGermany. Nhengo dzayo dzakaenda nemufaro kuAfD.
Kungofanana neyaimbove NPD, AfD ibato rerusarura rwakadzama uye rine hutsinye. Nekudaro, vanhu vazhinji vari kufarira kuongororwa kwepedyo kuitira kuti vatange maitiro ekurambidza. Chokwadi vanhu vazhinji vanofungawo kuti kunyangwe nzira yakabudirira yekurambidza AfD haizove mhinduro yakakwana yekutarisana neNeo-Nazism muzasi meGerman.
Zvichakadaro, vamiriri veparamende vemapato ese edemocracy vari kutanga kubatana muBundestag yekuGermany, vachitsvaga mikana yekubudirira kwekurambidzwa.
Vamwe vakatosarudza "kuenda kuKarlsruhe." Karlsruhe ndiko kune Federal Constitutional Court. Mitemo inoti zvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana (5%) zvenhengo dzeBundestag zvinokwana kuisa nyaya yekurambidzwa kweAfD mudariro muparamende. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pari kudiwa nhengo dzeparamende makumi matatu nevanomwe.
Aya makumi matatu nemanomwe anogona kukumbira kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa yeGermany iongorore mikana yekubudirira kwekurambidzwa. Kune rimwe divi, iyo Bundestag pachayo inogona zvakare kusarudza kukumbira kurambidzwa. Padanho rechipiri, chisungo chekutanga kurambidza chingafanirwa kuhwina ruzhinji rwevamiriri veparamende panyaya iyi.
Tsigiro yekurambidzwa kweAfD yakapararira pakati penhengo dzesocial-democrat SPD, the Environmentist Greens uye socialist Die Linke. Hazvina kupararira pakati pevamiriri veparamende veCDU/CSU neneoliberal FDP.
Zvisingashamisi, pfungwa yekurambidza AfD inotsigirwa zvakasimba nenhengo dzeparamende dzinobva kumabvazuva kweGermany kupfuura vaya vanobva kunyika dzokumavirira.
Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti iyo AfD yakasimba zvakanyanya mukati iyo yekare DDR inoti zvichienzaniswa nevekumadokero uye nokudaro zvinopa dambudziko rakawanda kumapato edemocracy uko.
Sezviri pachena, rutsigiro rwekurambidza AfD rwakanyanya pakati penhengo dzeparamende dzinobva kumhuri dzine vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kupfuura avo vasina. Imwe nhengo yebato rakasununguka kubva kuThuringia, semuenzaniso, nguva pfupi yapfuura yakati:
Ndine tsitsi dzakasimba nekurambidzwa kweAfD. Bato iri rinotorwa sevanhu vane mhirizhonga muThuringia. Tese tinoziva kuti AfD ine ngozi sei. Nekudaro, maitiro ekurambidza AfD anofanira kuve nemukana wekubudirira.
Nezvikonzero zvakawanda, hazvizivikanwe kuti vamiriri veparamende vachabatana here seri kwechisungo chemubatanidzwa chemapoka ese ezvematongerwo enyika chekurambidza AfD. Kana paine kurudziro yekuti AfD irambidzwe, zvinodawo ruzhinji rwezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveseneti. Bumbiro reGermany - rinonzi Mutemo Wekutanga – anoti muchinyorwa 21 ndima 2:
(2) Mapato ayo, nekuda kwezvinangwa zvavo kana maitiro evateveri vawo, anotsvaga kukanganisa kana kubvisa rusununguko rwerusununguko rwedemokrasi kana kuisa mungozi kuvapo kweFederal Republic yeGermany zvichave zvisiri pamutemo.
MaParamende mazhinji ane chokwadi chekuti AfD inogara ichityora musimboti wechiremera chemunhu, inova ibwe repakona reGerman rakasununguka democracy basic order. Vanoona sekuti hurumende ine basa rekutora matanho panyaya iyi. Kuti izvi zvinorevei chaizvo zvanga zvisina kujeka.
Pashure pezvose, yave nguva refu kwazvo kubva dare repamusoro reGermany rakarambidza bato rezvamatongerwe enyika. Yakarambidza imwe yeNazi-remeke inonzi Socialist Reich Party (SRP) muna 1952, uye yakarambidza Communist Party yeGermany muna 1956. Mitezo yeSRP yaiva nevanhu vakavaka misasa yevasungwa. Macommunist eKPD vaive vasungwa mumisasa yevasungwa iyoyo.
Muna 2003 na2017, nyaya mbiri dzakapokana neNPD dziri kure-kurudyi dzakakundikana. Nguva yekutanga (2003) yaive nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemaitiro. Kechipiri (2017), bato rakanga ratove risingakoshi kumanikidza kurambidzwa. Nhasi, hapana angapikisa izvozvo iyo AfD haina kukosha uye naizvozvo anogona kudzivisa kurambidzwa pazvikonzero izvozvo.
Ruzivo rwezvinyorwa uye mawebhusaiti muGerman anotsanangura uye anokurudzira kurambidza AfD: German Institute for Human Rights; Politische Schönheit; Campact
Thomas Klikauer ndiye munyori wezvinyorwa zvinopfuura 950 kusanganisira bhuku pamusoro Alternative für Deutschland: The AfD - rakabudiswa na Liverpool University Press.
Danny Antonelli akakurira muU.SA, zvino anogara muHamburg, Germany uye anonyora redhiyo inotamba, nyaya uye inyanzvi lyricist uye librettist.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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