In wangu zvichangobva romukova pakutongwa kwazvino kuOld Bailey pamusoro pekuendeswa kwaJulian Assange kuUnited States, kwaaizoda kuvharirwa kwehupenyu hwake hwese nekuda kwemhosva yekuita utori venhau, ndakaita kushoropodza kukuru kuviri kweGuardian.
Makumi gumi apfuura, rangarira, bepanhau rakashanda pamwe nekubatana neAssange neWikileaks kushambadza Iraq neAfghan war diaries, zvinova zvikonzero izvo US iri kumisa nyaya yayo kuvhara Assange kuseri kwemabhawa mujeri repamusoro-soro.
Kutsoropodza kwangu kwokutanga kwakanga kuri kwokuti bepa racho rakanga risinganyanyi kunetseka kuvhara nyaya yacho, kunyange zvazvo kuri kurwiswa kwakanyatsobatanidzwa parusununguko rwenhau mundangariro mhenyu. Chinzvimbo ichocho hachina basa nekusaziva, chakapihwa basa rayo mukutsikisa madhayari ehondo. Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti hazvitsananguriki. Muchokwadi, zvese zvinotsanangurwa zviri nyore nekutsoropodza kwangu kwechipiri.
Kutsoropodza uku kwakanyanya kuitirwa vatori venhau vaviri vanotungamira kuGuardian, aimbove mupepeti wekuferefeta David Leigh uye mutori wenhau Luke Harding, avo vakanyora bhuku muna 2011 iro raive muenzaniso wekutanga weicho chaizokurumidza kuita rudzi pakati pechikamu chevakasununguka media elite. , kunyanya kuGuardian, yekunyomba Assange.
Mutsamba yangu yekutanga ndakaburitsa ruvengo rwaLeigh naHarding rwunozivikanwa naAssange - chikonzero nei mumwe mutori wenhau anoferefeta, Nicky Hager, akaudza mudare reOld Bailey kuti bhuku revaviri ava ra2011 "harisi rakavimbika". Izvi zvaive, muchidimbu, nekuti Assange akange aramba kuvatendera kuti vanyore nhoroondo yake yepamutemo, angangoita mari yakawanda. Ruvengo rwakanga rwawedzera uye nekukura pamwe chete Assange paakaona kuti kuseri kwemusana wake vainyora biography isina kutenderwa vachishanda naye.
Asi ropa rakaipa rinowedzera zvakanyanya kune Guardian, iyo, saLeigh naHarding, yakaramba ichitengesa zvakavanzika uye yakashandura Wikileaks pane kubatana nayo. Assange akanyanya kushatirwa wanikidza kuti bepa racho rakanga ratyora mitemo yekondirakiti yaro yakanyorwa neWikileaks nekugoverana muchivande magwaro akavanzika nevekunze, kusanganisira New York Times.
Bhuku raLeigh naHarding rave pamwoyo wenyaya yekuUS yekuendeswa kwaAssange kuUS pamhosva dzinonzi "espionage". Mhosva idzi dzakabva pakuburitswa kweWikileaks kwekubvinza kwakapihwa naChelsea Manning, mauto akazvimirira, izvo zvakaburitsa mhosva dzehondo dzakarongwa nemauto eUS.
Kupindurwa kwechokwadi
Magweta eUS akachera kubva mubhuku reGuardian anonzi Leigh kuti Assange aive asina hanya nekuchengetedzeka kwevazivisi vekuUS vakadomwa mumafaira akaburitswa akaburitswa neWikileaks.
Chikwata chedziviriro chaAssange chakaburitsa ruzhinji rwevatori venhau vane mukurumbira, nevamwe vakashanda neWikileaks, kupokana nezvaitaurwa naLeigh uye vachipokana kuti uku kupindurwa kwechokwadi. Assange aive nehungwaru pamusoro pekunyora mazita mumagwaro. Ndivo - vatori venhau, kusanganisira Leigh - vaimanikidza Assange kuti aburitse pasina kutora matanho akazara.
Ehe, hapana weava vatori venhau vemakambani - chete Assange - ari kutongwa, achiratidza pachena kuti iyi inyaya yezvematongerwo enyika yekunyaradza Assange nekudzima Wikileaks.
Asi kusimbisa chirevo chayo chisina kusimba chakanangana naAssange - kuti akange asina hanya nekudzokororwa - US yakatarisira kuratidza kuti munaGunyana 2011, nguva refu mushure mekudhindwa kweIraq neAfghan diaries, Wikileaks yakaburitsa magwaro - tambo dzepamutemo dzeUS - kuti Assange akatadza kugadzirisa.
Ichi ichokwadi. Asi zvinongokuvadza kudzivirira kwaAssange kana US ikakwanisa kutamba mutambo wekurasika - uye Guardian anga akakosha mukubudirira kwezano iroro. Kusvika parizvino US yakavhara bepa kuti ibatane muhondo yayo paAssange nenhau - dai nekunyarara kwayo - nekusvibisa Guardian nerima, chakavanzika chinonyadzisa bepa harina kuburitswa.
Muchokwadi, iyo nyaya yekuburitswa kwaSeptember 2011 neWikileaks yeaya magwaro asina kugadziriswa akasiyana zvachose nenyaya iyo dare uye veruzhinji vari kuudzwa. The Guardian akarangana kunyarara pamusoro peiyo chaiyo vhezheni yezviitiko nechikonzero chimwe chakareruka - nekuti iyo, Muchengeti, ndiyo yaive honzeri yekusunungurwa ikoko.
Kutengesa Assange uye journalism
Zvinhu zvanyanya kuomera bepa panguva yekutongwa kwenyaya, zvisinei, sezvo basa raro rave richiongororwa zvakanyanya - mukati nekunze kwedare. Iye zvino Guardian aburitswa kunze, akapinzwa mukuburitsa chirevo achipindura kushoropodzwa.
Yakazodambura runyararo zvayo asi yaita izvi kusajekesa zvakaitika makore mapfumbamwe apfuura. Asi zvakadzamisa hunyengeri uye kunyudza bepa zvakatowedzera mukupandukira zvose zveAssange uye zverusununguko rwenhau.
Bhuku raFebruary 2011 Guardian iro US rinoramba richitaura rine chimwe chinhu mukuwedzera kune gakava rakanyanya uye rinopokana kubva kuna Leigh kuti Assange aive nehunhu hwekusada kudzokorodza mazita. Iri bhuku rakaburitsawo password - imwe Assange yaakapa Leigh pamamiriro akasimba kuti ichengeterwe chakavanzika - kune faira rine mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru tambo dzakavharidzirwa. Bhuku rinonzi Guardian rakaburitsa katsi mubhegi. Payakangopa password yaAssange, iyo Old Bailey kunzwa kwanzwa, pakanga pasina kudzokera shure.
Chero masevhisi ekuchengetedza munyika anogona ikozvino kuvhura faira rine tambo. Uye sezvavaigara paive pakavigwa faira pakupera kwezhizha, Assange akamanikidzwa kuita basa rekumisa kukuvara. MunaGunyana 2011 akaburitsa tambo dzisina kudhindwa kuitira kuti chero ani zvake anenge adomwa mazviri awane yambiro mberi uye agohwanda - pasati pauya vezvekuchengetedzwa kwerunyararo vachivatsvaga.
Hongu, Assange akaburitsa tambo dzisina kudzokororwa asi akazviita - akamanikidzwa kuzviita - nezviito zvisingaregererwi zvaLeigh uye Muchengeti.
Asi tisati taongorora chirevo chenhema chekuramba, isu tinofanirwa kupindira mamwe mapoinzi maviri.
Chekutanga, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvirevo zvekukuvadza zvakakonzerwa neUS zvakakonzerwa nemaune uye zvakaipisisa neUS kugadzira chikonzero chekunyomba Assange uye nekuzopembedza kuendeswa kwake uye kuiswa mujeri. Muchokwadi, hapana humbowo hwekuti chero muzivisi akambokuvadzwa nekuda kwezvinyorwa zveWikileaks - chimwe chinhu chaive akabvuma nemumwe mukuru weUS pakutongwa kwaManning. Kana mumwe munhu akakuvadzwa kana kuurayiwa, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti US ingadai ichipopota nezvayo paOld Bailey kunzwa uye ichipa ruzivo kune vezvenhau.
Chechipiri, mupepeti wedandemutande rekuAmerica, Cryptome, akataura svondo rino pamatare edzimhosva kuti akaburitsa tambo dzisina kudhindwa zuva rakapfuura Wikileaks. Akataura kuti vezvemitemo vekuUS vanga varatidza kusafarira kuburitswa kwefaira uye havana kumbomukumbira kuti aribvise. Kushaikwa kwekunetseka kunoburitsa pachena izvo zvaigara zviri pachena: nyaya yacho haina kumbobvira yaita nezve mafaera, akadhindwa kana kwete; kwaigara kuri kutsvaga nzira yekunyaradza Assange nekudzima Wikileaks.
Zvinyengeri zveMuchengeti
Pese iyo US inotora bhuku raLeigh naHarding, inonyatso tora Guardian kurwisa Assange uye kupokana nerusununguko rwenhau. Kurembera pamusoro pebepa kutyisidzira kuti - kana ikasatamba bhora nemushandirapamwe weUS kuvharira Assange kweupenyu hwese - US inogona kuinyadzisa nekuburitsa pachena basa rayo kana kunanga bepa rekurapwa kwakafanana nerwakatambura naAssange.
Uye zvinoshamisa, kupihwa matanda eAssange uye ezvenhau, Guardian ane wanga uchitamba bhora - nekunyarara. Kusvika svondo rino, kana.
Nekumanikidzwa, The Guardian yakazoburitsa neChishanu ipfupi, yakadhirowewa uye yakareruka Nhoroondo yekunzwa kwesvondo rapfuura, ndokuzoishandisa semukana wekupindura kutsoropodza kuri kukura kwebasa rayo mukutsikisa password mubhuku reLeigh naHarding.
Chirevo cheThe Guardian mumushumo wayo wekunzwa kwevatorwa haisi kungopeta zvakanyanya asi inotengesa Assange pasi nerwizi nekunzvenga basa rekuburitsa password. Izvi zvinomusiya achitonyanya kunetseka kumushandirapamwe weUS kumuvhara.
Heino chirevo chayo:
Ngatitarisei hunyengeri:
- Chirevo chekuti password yaive "yenguva pfupi" ndizvozvo - kuzvidavirira kwaDavid Leigh. Iko hakuna humbowo hwekuzvitsigira kunze kwekutaura kwaLeigh kuti Assange akazvitaura. Uye zano rekuti Assange aizoti rinopokana nechikonzero chose. Leigh pachake anotaura mubhuku kuti aifanira kudaro vachishungurudza Assange mukumurega aine password chaizvo nekuti Assange ainetsekana kuti tech neophyte saLeigh angaita chimwe chinhu chakapusa kana kusakendenga. Assange aida kunyengetedzwa zvakanyanya asati abvuma. Pfungwa yekuti aive nehanya zvakanyanya nezve chengetedzo yepassword yaive yekuve nehupenyu hupfupi pane mayfly haitendeke.
- Kwete chete pasiwedhi yaive isiri yenguva pfupi, asi yaive yakavakirwa zvakanyanya pachena pane yakaoma fomula Assange yakashandiswa kune ese maWikileaks 'passwords kuita kuti zvisaite kuti vamwe vatsemuke asi zviri nyore kwaari kuti ayeuke. Nekuburitsa password, Leigh akapa nzira yaAssange uye akapa masevhisi ese ekuchengetedza pasirese kiyi yekuvhura mamwe mafaera akavharidzirwa. Chirevo chekuti Assange chaakataura kuna Leigh kuti kuchengeta password chakavanzika kwaisava kwekukosha kwakakosha zvakare hakuna kuvimbika.
- Asi kana Leigh akafunga kuti password yaive yenguva pfupi iri padivi peiyo pfungwa. Leigh, semutori wenhau ane ruzivo rwekuferefeta uye aive neruzivo rushoma rwenyika yetekinoroji, aive nebasa rekutarisa naAssange kuti zvaive zvakanaka kuburitsa password. Kuita chimwe chinhu kwaisava kuregeredza. Iyi yaive nyika Leigh aisaziva zvachose nezvayo, shure kwezvose.
Asi pakanga paine chikonzero Leigh asina kutarisa naAssange: iye naHarding vakanyora bhuku kuseri kwemusana kwaAssange. Leigh akagura nemaune Assange kubva mukunyora uye kuburitsa maitiro kuitira kuti iye neMuchengeti vakwanise kuita mari pamukurumbira wekutanga weWikileak muvambi. kwete kutarisa naAssange ndiyo yaive pfungwa yese yechiitwa.
- Hazvina kunaka kupa mhosva yese kuna Leigh, zvisinei. Ichi chaive chirongwa cheGuardian. Ndakashanda pabepa kwemakore. Chinyorwa chipi zvacho chisati chaburitswa, chinoongororwa nevapepeti vebackbench, sub-editors, dzokorora vapepeti, vapepeti vepeji uye, kana zvichidikanwa, magweta uye mumwe wevapepeti vakuru. Bhuku reGuardian pane yakanyanya kupokana, incendiary kuburitswa kwecache yakavanzika yemagwaro sezvo Pentagon Mapepa aifanira kunge akapfuura nepamwe nhanho yekuongorora, kana zvisingaite.
Saka sei pasina munhu ari muketani iyi yekutarisa akambomira kushamisika kana zvine musoro kuburitsa password kune Wikileaks faira rezvinyorwa zvakavharidzirwa? Mhinduro ndeyokuti Guardian anga ari mujaho rekushambadza kuti awane nhoroondo yake yepasi-inoparadza kuburitswa kweIraq neAfghan diaries pamberi pechero wevakwikwidzi vayo, kusanganisira New York Times uye Der Spiegel. Yaida kutora mbiri yakawanda sezvinobvira pachayo mune tariro yekuhwina Pulitzer. Uye yaida kugadzirisa zvibodzwa naAssange vhezheni yake yezviitiko isati yapihwa mhepo mukati meNew York Times kana mabhuku eDer Spiegel. Kusava nematuro nemakaro zvakadzinga danho reMuchengeti rekucheka makona, kunyangwe zvaireva kuisa hupenyu mungozi.
- Nekusvotwa, zvisinei, Muchengeti haangotsvaga kupomera Assange kukanganisa kwayo asi anonyepa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu. Chirevo charo chinoti: "Hapana kushushikana kwakataurwa neAssange kana WikiLeaks nezve kuchengetedzwa kwakakanganiswa pakadhindwa bhuku muna Kukadzi 2011. WikiLeaks yakaburitsa mafaera asina kunyorwa munaGunyana 2011."
Haisi chokwadi kuti Assange neWikileaks havana kuratidza kunetsekana. Vakaratidza kushushikana kukuru vari vega. Asi havana kuzviita pachena - uye nechikonzero chakanaka.
Chero kukwidzwa kweveruzhinji kweGuardian nekuda kwekukanganisa kwayo kunotyisa kungadai kwakakwevera pfungwa kune chokwadi chekuti password inogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore mubhuku raLeigh. Panguva ino, pakanga pasina nzira yekushandura password kana kudzima faira, sezvakatsanangurwa kune Old Bailey kunzwa nemupurofesa wekombuta, Christian Grothoff, weBern University. Akadana Leigh "mutambi wekutenda yakaipa".
Saka Assange akamanikidzwa kudzikamisa kukuvadza chinyararire, kuseri kwezviitiko, izwi rekuburitswa kwepassword risati rabuda uye faira rawanikwa. Pakupedzisira, mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, apo zviratidzo zvakava zvakawandisa kuti zvisaonekwa, uye Cryptome akanga abudisa faira risina kunyorwa pawebsite, Assange akanga asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekutevera.
Iyi ndiyo nyaya chaiyo, iyo Guardian asingatyi kutaura. Kunyangwe nekuedza kwakanyanya kwemagweta eUS uye mutongi mudare reOld Bailey, chokwadi chave kutanga kubuda. Ikozvino zviri kwatiri kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti Guardian haabvumidzwe kuramba achibatana mumhosva iyi yakanangana naAssange uye rusununguko rwenhau rwaanomiririra.
Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kuoneka pa Jonathan Cook's blog: https://www.jonathan-cook.net/blog/
Jonathan Cook akahwina Mubairo wakakosha weMartha Gellhorn weUtori venhau. Mabhuku ake anosanganisira "Israel uye Clash of Civilisations: Iraq, Iran uye Chirongwa Chekuitazve Middle East" (Pluto Press) uye "Kunyangarika kwePalestine: Kuedza kweIsrael mukuora mwoyo kwevanhu" (Zed Books). Webhusaiti yake iri www.jonathan-cook.net.
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