Mubvunzurudzo yeABC yaNdira 2009 naGeorge Stephanopoulos, Mutungamiriri-akasarudzwa Barack Obama akati kugadzirisa hupfumi kunoda kuzvipira kwakagovana, "Munhu wese anofanira kupa. Munhu wese achafanira kuva neganda mumutambo." (1)
Kwemakore maviri apfuura, vashandi vekuAmerica vakaendesa kuchikumbiro cheMutungamiriri-vachitora mihoro yakakwira kunyangwe hazvo kukura kwechigadzirwa. Kusiyana neizvi, vatungamiriri vemakambani vakaburitsa purofiti nekuparadza kudzoreredza kune pese pese-kubvisa vashandi, kudzoreredza mihoro, kunyima mari, uye shirking federal tax.
Kudzikira kwepasirese kwakawedzera hurovha munyika dzese, asi ruzivo rweAmerica haruna kufananidzwa. Maererano neshumo yeOECD yaChikunguru, US yakaverengera hafu yekurasikirwa kwemabasa pakati penyika makumi matatu nembiri dzakapfuma kubva muna 31 kusvika pakati pa2007. (2010) Kuwedzera kwekushaya mabasa kweU.S. kwakapfuura zvakanyanya kudonha kwehupfumi. Kunze kweCanada, U.S. GDP yakadzikira zvishoma kudarika chero imwe nyika yakapfuma, kubva pakati pa2 kusvika pakati pa2008. (2010)
Kugashira kweWashington kushanduka kwemusika wevashandi kwakaita kuti makambani asangane nekupikiswa kushoma pavakatangisa zvirongwa zvavo zvehutsinye. Zvichitungamira mukuderera kwehupfumi, US yaive nedziviriro isina kusimba yevashandi kubva mukudzingwa kwemunhu uye pamwe chete munyika, maererano neongororo yeOECD ya2008. (4) indaba yaRobert Robert Doll yaRobert Doll , โMisika payakadzikira muna 2008 uye kukura kwemari kwakadzikira, makambani eU.S. (5) IU.S. zvino ine mwero mukurusa wourovha pakati penyika gumi dzakabudirira zvikuru. (6).
Bazi rakazvimiririra harina kungove iro rinonyanya kukonzeresa kubviswa kukuru mumusika wevashandi, asi zvakare mubatsiri. Mumakore maviri apfuura, kugadzirwa kwakakwira ukuwo mutengo wevashandi wakaderera. Nekumisa mabasa uye kubvumidzwa kwemuhoro, makambani eUS ari kupa zvavanoda pamusika wevashandi unobatika. Nhengo dzemubatanidzwa wemapato akazvimirira ndidzo dzakaderera parekodhi. . (7)
Nekuda kwekudonha kwemari yemutero, kudzingwa kwehurumende nehurumende yenzvimbo kuri kuwedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, makambani eUS akawedzera huwandu hwawo muna Mbudzi nekukurumidza mumakore matatu, zvichiratidza mwedzi wegumi wakateedzana wekugadzira mabasa mumapato akazvimirira. Nhamba dzemusoro dzinovanza chokwadi chinosiririsa; mushure memakore gumi akarasika ekukura kwemabasa, masangano ega ega haakwanisi kufambirana nevatsva vanopinda mumabasa.
Iwo mashoma mabasa matsva haafanire kugutsa vanhu vekuAmerica vakarasikirwa nemabasa. MunaNovember, basa renguva pfupi raimiririra zvinoshamisa makumi masere muzana ekukura kwebasa rebazi rakazvimirira. Makambani ari kushandura basa renguva pfupi kuita chinhu chisingaperi chevashandi vekuAmerica. UPI inoshuma, "Gore rino, 80 muzana yemabasa matsva emakambani akazvimirira ndeenguva pfupi, zvichienzaniswa ne26.2 muzana mukudzoreredza mushure mekuderera kwema10.9 uye 1990 muzana mukudzoreredza kwakapfuura." 7.1 (9)
Kunze kwezviratidziro zvemabasa, makambani makuru anga asipo zviri pachena pakupora kwemabasa. Asi ivo vari kutungamira kudzoreredza purofiti. Chikamu chechikonzero kuwedzera kwekutengesa mhiri kwemakungwa, asi kudzoreredza purofiti kuri kunyanya kubva kumisana yevashandi vekuAmerica. Mushure memakumi emakore ekudyidzana kwepasirese, veUS vepasi rose vachiri kushandisa zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevashandi vavo pasi rose kubva kuUS (21.1 miriyoni kubva pamamiriyoni makumi matatu nenomwe. (31.2) Vakuru vemakambani vari kurova vashandi vekuAmerica chaizvo nekuti vanotsamira pavari.
Chidzidzo chegore negore na USA Today vakawana kuti mabhadhiro ebazi rakazvimirira sechikamu chemari yese yevaAmerican akadonha kusvika pa41.9 muzana pakutanga kwegore rino, rekodhi yakaderera. (12) Vanoongorora vanoongorora vakabata pamushumo sehumbowo hwehurongwa hweMutungamiri Obama hwekugoverazve hupfumi kubva, mumashoko avo, avo 'vanodhonza ngoro' kune avo 'vanongokwira mairi'. Mhosva yavo inopikisa humbowo โ vatungamiriri vemakambani chete uye vapfumi vemari vanonakidzwa nerwendo rwemahara. Vatungamiriri vemakambani vakawana fomula iri nyore: ivo zvishoma zvavanobatsira muhupfumi, ivo vanonyanya kuzvichengetera ivo uye vagovani. Fed's Flow of Funds inoratidza purofiti yemakambani inomiririra rekodhi iri padyo 11.2% yemari yenyika muchikamu chechipiri. (13)
Makambani asiri emari akaunganidza mari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri, inomiririra 11% yemidziyo yese, makore makumi matanhatu kumusoro. Makambani haana kuendesa mari pakuhaya sekuda kusimba uye kuwanda kwehuwandu kunotambudza maindasitiri mazhinji. Makambani akawana kushandiswa kuri nani pamari, sekutsanangura kwaRobert Doll, "mari yakakwira yave kutounza kuwedzera kwegovedhi, kutengwa kwemasheya, kudyara mari uye chiitiko cheM&A - zvese zvine hushamwari kune vanogovana." (5)
Makambani akaisa mari inosvika madhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemaviri emadhora mumidziyo uye software yekudyara muchikamu chechitatu. (262) Izvo zvinofananidzwa neinoda kusvika $14 bhiriyoni mukugoverana kutenga. 80 Makumi matatu emakumi emakumi emakumi emakumi emakore ekuwedzera akanganisa kudiwa nekuvhara kutenderera kwemari yenyika mumapepa ekuenzanisa emakambani. Chinyorwa chiri muChikunguru che The Economist inoti: โKudyara mari mumabhizinesi kwakaderera sezvakwakamboita sechikamu cheGDP.โ (16)
Kuchinja kwemakumi emakore mumutero wemutero kubva kumakambani kuenda kuvashandi vekuAmerica kwakawedzera pasi peMutungamiri Obama. Kwemakore maviri apfuura, vatungamiriri vakashuma rekodhi purofiti kune vanogovanisa vavo muchidimbu nekuti vari kubhadhara mari shoma mumitero yemubatanidzwa. Mitero yemakambani sechikamu cheGDP muna 2009 uye 2010 ndiyo yakaderera pane zvinyorwa, pamusoro pe1%. (17)
Vakuru vemakambani vanonyunyuta kuti US ine mutero wepamusoro wekambani pasi rose, asi pane musiyano mukuru pakati pemutemo we35% chiyero uye izvo makambani anobhadhara chaizvo (chiyero chinoshanda). Pano zvakare, makambani makuru anotungamira mutero mutero arbitrage. Mutemo wemutero weU.S. unobvumira vemunyika dzakawanda kuti vazeye zvisungo zvavo zvemutero pamari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika kudzamara 'vadzosa' (kudzorera) purofiti kuU.S. Makambani eU.S. akawedzera mari yaanowana mhiri kwemakungwa nechikamu che70% mumakore mana, iko zvino kudarika $1 tririyoniโzvikuru-kuru. kunzvenga mitero yeUS kuburikidza netsika inozivikanwa se "transfer pricing". (18) Kutamisa mitengo kunobvumira makambani kugovera mari munyika dzine mutero wakakwira uye purofiti yebhuku munzvimbo dzemutero wakaderera uye nzvimbo dzemutero-zvisinei nekwakabva kutengeswa. Makambani emuUS ari kushandisa mitengo yekufambisa kudzivirira mutero weUS kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu emadhora pagore, maererano neongororo yakaitwa naKimberly A. Clausing, purofesa wezvehupfumi paReed College muPortland, Oregon. (60)
Iko mari yekambani glut yave nzvimbo yekukakavadzana pakati pehutongi hwaObama nevakuru vemakambani. Pakati paZvita, boka revakuru vemakambani makumi maviri rakasangana nehutungamiriri hwaObama uye vakakumbira zororo remutero pamadhora miriyoni imwe yakavharirwa mhiri kwemakungwa, vachiti mari iyi ichamutsa mabasa nekudyara. Muna 20, vakuru vakuru vemakambani vakatendeudzira Mutungamiri Bush neCongress kuti vaise mutemo wakafanana wekuregererwa muAmerican Jobs Creation Act; Makambani 1 akapinda muchirongwa ichi, achidzosera madhora mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi maviri nemazana maviri emadhora kuUS pa2004% pane 842%. 312 (5.25)
Hutongi hwaObama nevakuru vemakambani vakachengetedza America capitalism. Hupfumi hweUS hunogona kusazodzoka.
Sources:
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ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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