Kunobva: TomDispatch.com
Ndisati ndazviwanira โpokugara,โ chinyorwa ichi chaifanira kutaura pamusoro pezviito zvevakadzi pasi rose kupemberera March 8, International Womenโs Day. Kubva Pakisitani to Chile, vakadzi mumamiriyoni avo vakazadza migwagwa, vachida kuti tikwanise kudzora miviri yedu noupenyu hwedu. Vakadzi vakabva vabuda Iraq neKyrgyzstan, Turkey nePeru, Philippines neMalaysia. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vaizviisa pangozi yokurohwa nevarume vakazvifukidza kumeso. Mune mamwewo, vaida kuti zvipere femicide - chokwadi chemireniyamu chekuti vakadzi munyika ino vanopondwa zuva nezuva nekuda kwekuti ivo vakadzi.
Muna 1975 Ramangwana Raive reMukadzi
Mhemberero dzegore rino dzaive dzakanyanya mhirizhonga. Pave nemakore makumi mana nemashanu kubva apo United Nations yakazivisa 45 gore reInternational Women's Year uye yakatsigira musangano wayo wekutanga wepasi rose wevakadzi muMexico City. Misangano yakafanana yaitevera mumakore mashanu, ichiguma nea 1995 Beijing musangano, kugadzira chikuva chave munzira dzakawanda kutungamira feminism yepasi rose kubva ipapo.
Beijing yaive chikamu chechina chezana ramakore rapfuura, asi gore rino, vakadzi pasi rese vaiita sevakaguta. Musi waKurume 9, vakadzi vekuMexico vakaita chirahwe chemaawa makumi maviri nemana, un dรญa sin nosotras (zuva pasina isu vakadzi), kuratidza kuti nyika inotsamira zvakadii pakushanda - kubhadharwa uye kusabhadharwa - kweโฆ hongu, vakadzi. Zuva iroro risina mukadzi rakava, maererano nezvose, kubudirira. The Wall Street Journal akacherechedza - pamwe nekubata kwekushamisika - kuti "Mexico inogaya kuti imire. Mazana ezviuru zvevakadzi akaomesa mitezo yeMexico mukuramwa mabasa kusati kwamboitika munyika yose vachitsutsumwa nefungu riri kuwedzera rechisimba rinoitirwa vakadzi, kukunda kukuru nokuda kwechikonzero chavo.โ
Kunze kwekutsvikinyidzana mumigwagwa nekubvisa zvinhu mumafekitari nemahofisi, mamwe madzimai akapwanyawo mafafitera ezvitoro ndokurwisana nemapurisa. Chisimba? Kubva kuvakadzi? Chii chingave chakaita kuti vadaro?
Pamwe kwaive kuponda kwaIngrid Escamilla, makumi maviri nemashanu, mugari wemuMexico City, uyo, according ku New York Times, โakabayiwa, akabviswa ganda uye akabviswa dumbuโ muna February uyu. Zvichida kwaive kuti kupfurwa kwemuimbi uye muratidziri Isabel Cabanillas de la Torre muCiudad Juarez, chiyeuchidzo chisingazivikanwe kune nyika isingafarire kuti vakadzi vanga vachinyangarika kwemakumi emakore pamuganhu weUS-Mexico. Kana kuti pamwe yaingova chokwadi chekuti nhamba dzepamutemo dzegore ra2019 dzakaratidza vanopfuura chiuru chevakadzi muMexico, kuwedzera kwegumi kubva pagore rapfuura, nepo humhondi hwakawanda hwakadai husina kunyorwa.
Ndiyo Pandemic Patriarchal?
Dai isiri yedenda, pamwe iyo Wall Street Journal zvingadai zvakanaka. Pamwe Zuva Pasina Vakadzi raingove rekutanga kukunda kukuru kwakawanda. Maybe the international feminist anthem, "El violador eres tรบโ (Iwe [madzibaba, mapurisa, purezidhendi] ndiwe mubati chibharo), ungadai wakaenderera mberi kufemeruka mhomho dzekutamba, vachideedzera vakadzi kwese kwese. Pamwe pfungwa dzepasi rose dzinogona kunge dzisina kutsauswa nekukurumidza kubva mukumukira kwevakadzi pasi rose. Ikozvino, zvakadaro, muUnited States uye kutenderera pasirese, iri-denda-nguva-yese-nguva, uye nechikonzero. Iyo coronavirus yaita izvo Zuva Risina Vakadzi rakatadza: zvaunza hupfumi hwenyika kumisa kunotyisa. Ndizvo utachiona mazana ezviuru zvevanhu uye akauraya makumi ezviuru. Uye inoramba ichipararira semoto wepasi rose.
Kufanana nechiitiko chikuru chese uye masangano, denda rinobata vakadzi nevarume zvakasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo varume vanorwara vanoita sevanowanzoitika kupfuura vakadzi kufa, mune zvimwe zvinhu, denda uye mhedzisiro yaro inofanotaurwa zvichanyanya kuomera vakadzi. Zvingadaro sei? Munyori Helen Lewis inopa dzimwe mhinduro mu Atlantic.
Chekutanga, hutachiona, hwakasanganiswa nematanho ekuvharirwa vanhu vakawanda, hunova nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vazhinji vachada kutarisirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira vanhu vakura vari panjodzi huru yekufa uye vana vasisaende kuchikoro kana kuchengeta vana. Munyika dzakabudirira dzakaita seUnited States, vanhu vakaita rombo rakanaka rekukwanisa kuchengetedza mabasa avo nekushanda vari pamba vari kuona kuti kuvapo kwevana vakabhowekana hakuite kuti izvi zvive nyore.
Zvechokwadi, manheru apfuura, mhuri yangu duku yakaitirwa rwiyo-ne-kutamba nevasikana vaduku vaviri vanogara dzimba dzinoverengeka mumugwagwa. Vabereki vavo vainge vaswera vachivabatsira kuronga ndokubva vatikoka kuti tione tiri kuseri kwemba yedu. Zvavachaita mangwana, zuva rekushanda, handina chandinoziva. Shamwari isina vana yakapa kupa zuva nezuva-maminetsi gumi neshanu Zoom zvidzidzo pane chero chaanogona Google, senzira yekuzorora kushamwari dzake vanaamai.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura svondo rapfuura, zvaiita sekunge zvikoro zvakavharwa zvinogona kuvhurwa zvakare gore redzidzo risati rapera, zvichibvumira mumwe. New York Times commentator kuti nyora chinyorwa chine musoro unoti โIni Ndinoramba Kuitisa Chikoro Chepamba CheCoronavirus.โ Mumwe purofesa wehutungamiriri hwedzidzo, munyori anoti ari kurega vana vake vaviri vachiona TV uye vachidya makuki, vachiziva kuti hapana chiverengero chekudzidza nekukurumidza chinomuita mudzidzisi wepuraimari. Ndinorumbidza chimiro chake, asi ndinofungidzirawo kuti vana venyanzvi vangangove vakaiswa zviri nani pane vevashandi vanotambira mari shoma kuti vatangezve kurwisa-rufu-nekufa kuti vararame musango remakwikwi iro rekireshi-kusvika-giredhi regumi nembiri. munyika muno.
Mudzimba dzakavharirwa dzine vanhukadzi, Helen Lewis anonyora, basa guru rekuchengeta vana richawira pavakadzi. Akatsamwiswa nevanoongorora vanoti vanhu vakaita saIsaac Newton naShakespeare vakaita basa ravo rakanakisa munguva yedenda remuzana ramakore rechigumi nenomwe muEngland. โHapana kana wavo, " anoti, "vaiva nemitoro yokutarisira vana.โ Edza kunyora King Lear nepo mudiki wako Cordelias, Regans, uye Gonerils vari kukukweva hembe yako vachinyunyuta zvikuru kuti vari booored.
Munzvimbo dzakadai seUnited Kingdom neUnited States, uko vanaamai vakawanda vane mabasa, vakadzi vachasangana nedzvinyiriro itsva dzokurega basa ravo rinobhadharwa. Mumhuri zhinji dzine vanhu vaviri vane varume nevakadzi vane vana, kusaenzana kwemuhoro kunoreva kuti basa remukadzi rinowanzobhadhara zvishoma. Saka kana mumwe munhu achifanira kupira zuva mukuchengeta vana kwenguva yakazara, zvinozoita pfungwa yehupfumi kuti ndiye. MuUS, 11% yevakadzi vatove usingadi kushanda nguva shoma chete, vakawanda vari mumabasa ane purogiramu dzisiri dzenguva. Kunyange vakadzi vakasarudza kudzikamisa basa ravo repamba nebasa renguva isina kuzara vangazviwana vamene vari mudzvinyiriro yokurega mabasa iwayo.
Sekutaura kunoita Lewis, izvi zvese zvinogadzira "pfungwa yakakwana yehupfumi":
โPamwero wega wega, sarudzo dzevakaroora vazhinji mumwedzi mishoma inotevera dzinoita hupfumi hwakakwana. Chii chinodiwa nevarwere vedenda? Kuchengeta. Chii chinodiwa nevanhu vakura vanozviparadzanisa nevamwe? Kuchengeta. Vana vanochengetwa pamba kubva kuchikoro vanodei? Kuchengeta. Kutarisira kwese uku - basa iri risingabhadharwe rine hanya - richawira vanhukadzi zvakanyanya, nekuda kwechimiro chiripo chevashandi. "
Uyezve, sekuziva kwazvinoita vakadzi vanosarudza kusiya basa kwemakore mashoma kuti vachengete vana vadiki, hazviitike kuti udzokere kubasa rinobhadharwa uri pachinzvimbo chemuhoro wakafanana newawakasiya. Uye kumanikidzwa kubvisa hakuzoite kuti zvive nyore.
Social Reproduction? Chii ichocho? Uye Nei Zvichikosha?
Semesita ino ndiri kudzidzisa kosi yematombo makuru ezvidzidzo zvemudhorobha pakoreji yangu, Yunivhesiti yeSan Francisco. Isu tanga takaisa pfungwa dzedu pane chimwe chinhu chinoumba hupenyu hwedu hwese: basa - kuti chii, ndiani anacho uye asina, ndiani akaribhadharira uye asiri, uye nemimwe mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pechiitwa chinotora zvakawanda. nguva yedu panyika ino. Takakwereta pfungwa inobatsira kubva kuMarxist feminists: "kuberekana munharaunda." Inoreva basa rose, rinobhadharwa uye risina kubhadharwa, iro mumwe munhu anofanira kuita kuitira kuti vashandi vagone kuzviratidza kumabasa avo uye kuita mabasa anovawanira mubhadharo, ivo vachiita purofiti kune vavanoshandira.
Zvinodanwa Kubereka, nokuti inobereka vashandi, zvose mupfungwa yebhayoloji uye maererano nekuedza kwezuva nezuva kuvaita vakakwana zvakakwana kuti vazviite zvakare zvakare mangwana. Ndizvo mumagariro kuberekana, nekuti hapana anogona kuzviita ega uye nzanga dzakasiyana dzinowana nzira dzakasiyana dzekuzviita.
Chii chinosanganisirwa mukuberekana kwevanhu? Pane zvinhu zviri pachena zvinodiwa nemushandi chero upi zvake: chikafu, zvipfeko, kurara (uye nzvimbo yakachengetedzeka yekurara), tisingatauri nezvehutsanana. Asi pane zvimwe. Varaidzo chikamu chayo, nokuti "inosikazve" munhu anokwanisa kushanda zvinobudirira. Dzidzo, hutano, kuchengetedza vana, kubika, kuchenesa, kutenga kana kugadzira chikafu nembatya - zvese izvi zvakakosha mukuchengetedza vashandi nebasa ravo. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo, Tithi Bhattacharya's Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Kirasi, Recentering Kudzvinyirira inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga.
Chii chimwe cheizvi chine chekuita nenguva yedu yedenda? Kuti kuberekana kwevanhu kwakarongeka sei muUnited States kunosiya vamwe vanhu vari panjodzi kupfuura vamwe munguva yematambudziko ehupfumi. Kutora muenzaniso mumwechete, kwemakumi emakore akawanda, maresitorendi akafunga uye akaunganidza (kuitira purofiti) zvikamu zvakakosha zvebasa rekugadzira chikafu, sevhisi, uye kuchenesa, zviito zvaimboitwa zvakanyanya mudzimba dzemunhu. Kuvakadzi vanoshanda, kuvapo kwekutenga zvakachipa, pane dzimwe nguva, kwakatsiva kudiwa kwekuronga, kutenga, uye kugadzira zvokudya mazuva manomwe pavhiki. Sevhisi yechikafu inzvimbo yakashongedzerwa, kubva pakakwirira-kumagumo kusvika kunzvimbo dzechikafu, asi inosanganisira vazhinji vashandi vanotambira mari shoma avo vapererwa nemabasa, nepo vachiri kushanda kunzvimbo dzinopa kutora kana kutyaira-nekudya vari kuisa hutano hwavo panjodzi. kuitira kuti vamwe vadye.
Imwe nzira iyo vakaroorana vanotambira mari mbiri muUnited States vakabatana nemabasa ekuberekana mumagariro evanhu ndeyekupa chikamu chikuru chebasa ravo kuvakadzi vanotambura. Kurwira kuti ndiani anotsvaira nekuwacha pamba? Usaite kuti mukadzi aite zvese. Hidza mumwe mukadzi kuti akuitire. Unoda kuva nevana uye basa? Hidza mushandi.
Ehe, mikana ndeyekuti muchenesi wemba yako uye nanny vacharamba vachifanira kuita yavo yekudyidzana basa rekubereka kana vasvika kumba. Uye zvino sezvo vana vavo vasiri kuenda kuchikoro, neimwe nzira vachatofanira kuvatarisirawo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinogoneka, zvisinei, nekuti basa ravo haritariswe se "basa rakakosha" pasi pemirairo yekugara-munzvimbo yedzimwe nyika. Saka vacharasikirwa nemari yavo.
Kuno muCalifornia, vazhinji vevakadzi vanoita mabasa aya vabvakure vasina magwaro. Kana hutongi hwaTrump neCongress vakwanisa kupasa bhiri rekubatsira, ivo, kufanana nevashandi vakawanda vomuresitorendi vasina magwaro, vanenge vasiri kuwana mari ipi neipi inodiwa zvikuru kuti ivabatsire kubhadhara rendi kana kutenga zvokudya. Masangano anorwira kodzero dzevakabva kune dzimwe nyika ari kupinda kuyedza kugadzira zvimwe zvekushomeka, asi zvavanokwanisa zvinogona kuratidza madonhwe mashoma mubhaketi rakakura kwazvo. Neraki, vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika ndevamwe vevanhu vane hunyanzvi munyika ino kana kuti vangadai vasina kuzviita kusvika pano.
Pane imwezve mhando yebasa rekuberekana rinoitwa zvakanyanya nevakadzi, uye, nehunhu hwayo, zvakapesana ne "social distancing": basa rebonde. Unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti hapana bhiri rekubhadhara mari richasanganisira vamwe vevakadzi vanotambura munyika, avo vanoshanda sepfambi.
Vakadzi Kumba uye Panjodzi
Zvinorwadza kuti vanhukadzi vari kuvharirwa mudzimba dzavo sezviri kutanga sangano repasi rose rekurwisa kuuraya vakadzi. Imwe mhedzisiro yekuvanda-mu-nzvimbo kuita kuti zviomere vakadzi kuwana pekugara kubva kumhirizhonga yemumba. Iwe wakachengeteka kunze uchiisa pangozi coronavirus kana mukati neakabhowekana, ane hasha murume mudiwa? Ini ndinonyora izvi ndichiziva zvizere kuti imwe chikamu chehupfumi chisina kutambura nedenda iri bhizimusi repfuti. Ammo.com, semuenzaniso, inotengesa zvombo pamhepo mune ese kunze kwechina. ane ruzivo zvinopfuura katatu kuwedzera kwemari mumwedzi wapfuura. Pamwe zvese izvo ammo zviri kutengwa kurwisa zombies (kana iyo kupinda nechisimba kubva kune dzimwe nyika mutungamiri anoramba achitiyeuchidza nezve), asi kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kuva nepfuti kune chekuita nekuti mhirizhonga yemudzimba inoshanduka kuita humhondi.
Vhiki rega rega, Washington Post zano munyori wenhau Carolyn Hax anotambira mutsara wekutaura unopa mazano erubatsiro rwemhando dzakasiyana. Kwemavhiki maviri apfuura, vaverengi vake (ini ndakasanganisirwa) vakatyiswa na mameseji kubva kune mumwe mutori wechikamu akavharirwa mukamuri duku aine shamwari yake ine ngozi ichangobva kutenga pfuti. Zano rakajairwa kuvakadzi vari pachinzvimbo chake harisi rekumhanya chete, asi kuita hurongwa hwekubuda, unganidza chinyararire zvinhu uye mari yauchazoda uye chengetedza nzvimbo yekuenda. Inosungirwa pekugara-mu-nzvimbo maodha, zvisinei zvichidikanwa kudzikamisa curve yedenda iri, zvinogona kukonzeresa kuwedzera kwekuuraya vakadzi mudzimba.
Senge vakadzi vanga vasati vatobatwa zvisina tsarukano nedenda rekoronavirus, Seneti Republicans vanga vachiedza kunyudza imwe misogyny mushanduro yavo yebhiri rekuyamura. Mumwedzi iwoyo vakadzi vekuPakistan vakaisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi mukuratidzira pasi pe sirogani "Mera jism, meri marziโ ("Muviri wangu, sarudzo yangu"), maRepublican anoda kushandisa denda mune imwe kuyedza - ndizvozvo - kuvhara makiriniki ePlanned Parenthood.
The Washington Post's Greg Sargent munguva pfupi yapfuura kwakaratidza kuti iyo $ 350 bhiriyoni iri kurongerwa kusimudzira mabhizinesi madiki asingaregi vashandi angasabvisa zvisingabatsiri zvinowana mari kubva kuMedicaid. Planned Parenthood, iyo inopa hutano kumamirioni evakadzi vasina inshuwarisi uye vasina inshuwarisi, ndiyo chaiyo mhando yekusaita purofiti. Democracy congressional aides vakayambira Sargent kune izvi vanoratidza kuti Planned Parenthood haingave iyo yega sangano rakabatwa. Vanotendawo izvozvo
โโฆmutauro uyu unobvisa pakukodzera kuwana rubatsiro rwemari urwu huwandu hukuru hwe mwe zvisingabatsiri zvinowana mari yeMedicaid, yakadai semusha uye nenharaunda-based disability providers; misha inochengeterwa vakwegura munharaunda, vanopa utano hwepfungwa, uye nzvimbo dzehutano; dzimba dzeboka dzevakaremara; uye kunyange nzvimbo dzinonetsa dzokubatwa chibharo.โ
Zvichakadaro, Mississippi, Ohio, neTexas vari kuyedza kushandisa coronavirus sechikonzero chekudzivirira kuwanikwa kwevakadzi pakubvisa pamuviri. Nezvikonzero zvekuti maitiro akadai haana kudiwa pakurapa, Gweta Guru reTexas Ken Paxton ane akarayirwa vanobvisa pamuviri kuti varege kubvisa pamuviri. Pakutanga, Gweta Guru reOhio, Dave Yost, akatumira matsamba kune vanobvisa nhumbu mudunhu iri achirambidza "zvisina kukosha" kubvisa nhumbu.
Kudzokera kuNormalcy?
Apo Warren Harding (uyo aitarisira munhu ane mukurumbira wakaipa administrative) akakwikwidza kuve mutungamiri wenyika muna 1920, sirogani yake yedanidziro yaive "kudzokera kune zvakajairika" - maitiro akange ari zvinhu, ndiko kuti, Hondo Yenyika I isati yasvika. Zvaaireva kwaive kudzokera kusimba rehupfumi. Sezvatinoziva, iyo "Kutinhira Kwemakumi maviri" yakapa mune spades - kusvika iyo tsaona diki inozivikanwa seGreat Depression. Nhasi, saHarding, mumwe mutungamiri ane huori ari kuvimbisa kudzoka nekukurumidza. Ave kutobhowekana panguva yemazuva gumi neshanu yekushamwaridzana yaakazivisa pakati paKurume. Pamusangano wake wevatori venhau waKurume 15, akataura kuti United States ichave "yakavhurika bhizinesi" nekukurumidza kwete gare gare. Zuva rakatevera, iye Yakataurwa kuti nyika ivhurezve bhizinesi paIsita (โzuva rakakosha kwandiriโ), achiti anoda kuona "machechi akazara munyika yedu." Haagone kumirira kusvika zvese, kusanganisira hutano hwedu husina kuenzana uye masisitimu ehupfumi, zvadzokera kune zvakajairika - sezvazvaive isati yapararira coronavirus; kusvikira, ndiko kuti, tinogona kudzokera kune kusagadzirira kunotevera, dambudziko risingadzivisiki.
Kusiyana nemutungamiri wenyika, ndinovimba kuti hatidzokere kune zvakajairika. Ndinovimba vanhu veVenice vanosvika pakukoshesa kwavo migero inopenya nema dolphin avo aidzoka. Ndinovimba kuti isu tose tichabatanidzwa mweya usina kusvibiswa shoma uye kuburitsa kabhoni. Ndinovimba kuti tinodzidza kukoshesa hupenyu hwemadzimai.
Ndinovimba, pachinzvimbo chekudzokera kune zvakajairwa, tinoona kuti kurarama kwedu semhuka kunoenderana nekuchinja zvinenge zvese, kusanganisira mabudiro atinoita zvatinoda uye kuti tinozvibereka sei sevanhu vakazara. Ndinovimba kuti, kana tapona padenda iri, vanhu vepasirese vanotora zvatakadzidza nezve chiitiko chepasi rose panguva yedambudziko iri vozvishandisa kune rimwe dambudziko rinofanofungidzira, iro rinotyisidzira hupenyu hwese hwevanhu panjodzi. kudziya kwakadzikama.
Rebecca Gordon, a TomDispatch dzose, anodzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeSan Francisco. Ndiye munyori we American Nuremberg: Vakuru veUS Vanofanirwa Kumira Muyedzo wePost-9/11 Mhosva dzeHondo uye iye zvino ari kushanda pabhuku idzva rinotaura nezvenhoroondo yekutambudzwa kweUnited States.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta