Kunobva: NACLA
Mufananidzo naPhil Pasquini/Shutterstock
Skubva pakatanga kuratidzira kukuru musi waChikunguru 11 muCuba (J-11), nyanzvi zhinji dze "US-based Cuba" dzakanyora kana kutaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu munhau dzemagariro, mapepanhau epamhepo, uye nhau. Kunyange vakasiyana pamaonero avo, vanogarobvuma kuti mutemo weU.S. Dambudziko reCuba razvino rehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika iyo yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya neCovid-19. Zvakadaro nyanzvi idzi dzakasarudza kudzikisira basa reUnited States uye panzvimbo pacho kuisa kurwira kwevanhu veCuba kurwisa hutongi hwehutongi. Kuita uku kunonzwisisika, kunyanya kune avo, seni, nemhuri, shamwari kana vatinoshanda navo muCuba. Nehurombo, zvakadaro, nzira iyi inofuratira chokwadi chekuti United States isimba repasi rose rehegemonic. Kutarisa zvishoma kuCuba uye kuderedza basa reUnited States kunosimbisa hurumende yeUnited States uye nhepfenyuro yemakambani inotaura kuti hurumende yeCuba yakasiyana ne "kusazvibata" kwayo uye naizvozvo inofanirwa kurangwa. Nokudaro, iyi nzira yepakati nepakati inobvumira mutemo usingazivi kuti, nekuisa dambudziko riripo kuhurumende yeCuba, inowedzera kutambura kwevanhu veCuba uye inowedzera kumanikidzira sangano ravo kuti rizvionere ivo pachavo.
Kana icho Mexico yakanzvenga chaive bullet yaTrump .357 magnum, Cuba yave neroketi yeBazooka yekuUS yakagara zvachose mukati mezvematongerwo enyika kwemakumi matanhatu emakore.
Kukanganisa kwe embargo yeUS pahupfumi hweCuba ichokwadi chisingarambike. Dzinenge nyika dzese dzeLatin America dzinoenderana nemadhigirii akasiyana paUnited States kutengeserana, masevhisi, mari, uye rubatsiro rwekunze. Kunyangwe kuMexico, hupfumi hwechipiri hweLatin America, mutungamiri wekuruboshwe Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) akasungwa pasi pekudzokororwa kwaTrump. zvinotyisa kuvhara muganho wekutengesa kana Mexico isina kuchengetedza United States-yakasungwa Central America vanotsvaga pekupotera. AMLO yaityira kukanganiswa kwehupfumi kwechiito cheUS icho, chakaitwa naTrump, chingadai chisina kukanganisa vanhu vekuMexico zvakanyanya sekurambidzwa kweUS kunokanganisa maCuba. Kuenzaniswa neCuba, Mexico GDP yegore negore muna 2020 yaive yakakura zvakapetwa kagumi, yakasiyana-siyana, uye yakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya muhupfumi hwenyika. Kana icho Mexico yakanzvenga chaive bullet yaTrump .357 magnum, Cuba yave neroketi yeBazooka yekuUS yakagara zvachose mukati mezvematongerwo enyika kwemakumi matanhatu emakore. Saka nekudaro, hazvigoneke kumisa embargo kubva kuzviito zvehurumende yeCuba uye maitiro akakurumbira kwavari. Pane kudaro, zvakanyatsojeka kuona izvi zvemukati nekunze zvinhu zvinoshanda pamwechete synergistically, kana asymmetrically. Kune vane rombo rakanaka reUS-based Cuba nyanzvi dzinokwanisa kutaura zvakasununguka pfungwa dzedu uye tichishuvira-sezvatinoita tese-kurerutsa kutambudzika kunokonzerwa neinosimbisa mhinduro loop, tinofanira kusiya chero kunyepedzera kwepakati. Panzvimbo pekuedza kupesvedzera hurumende yeCuba, isu tichava nemhedzisiro yakakura kana tikatarisa pane kuchinja mutemo weUS.
Iyo Ethical Stance Kuseri Kwekutarisa paU.S. Policy yakanangana neCuba
Fkana Noam Chomsky, achishoropodza mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika weU.S. kwete hurumende dzisina kusimba dzadzinonangana nadzo hunhu hwaanopfupisa achiti, "iwe ndiwe une mhosva yemhedzisiro yezviito zvako." Hurumende yeUS pamwe nevezvenhau vemakambani vanoshandisa danho iri panyaya yevanofungidzirwa kuti vavengi kana vanokwikwidza, kusanganisira Cuba, Venezuela, Iran, Syria, Russia, neChina. NeUnited States nevabatsiri vayo, nzira iyoyo inoshandiswa zvisingawirirane, kana zvachose. Varatidziri vari mumuvengi kana nyika inokwikwidza, seavo vari kuCuba mumwedzi ichangopfuura, vanogara vachirumbidzwa sevakashinga nekuti vanoisa hupenyu hwavo panjodzi nekupikisa izvo zvinoonekwa neUS sehurumende inodzvinyirira.
Mutungamiri Biden statement mukupindura kuratidzira kweJ-11 muCuba haina kutaura nezve embargo zvachose, kubvisa United States chero mutoro kana kubatanidzwa uye kupa mhosva hurumende yeCuba.
"Tinomira nevanhu veCuba uye nekudaidzira kwavo rusununguko uye kununurwa kubva mukusuwa kwedenda uye kubva mumakumi emakore ekudzvinyirirwa uye kutambura kwehupfumi kwavakaitwa nehutongi hweCuba," akadaro. Sekureva kwaChomsky, vakabatwa ava vanoonekwa se "vakakodzera" muhurumende yeUS nemeso emakambani enhau.
Iyo U.S. mbiri-yakajairwa pakati peanti- uye pro-U.S. hutongi huri pachena, asi munyaya yeCuba yakashandiswa zvakanyanya.
Mukupesana, mhinduro dzaBiden kune pro-US hurumende dze Korombiya, Honduras, uye Bhuraziri apo mumwe nomumwe wavo akarwisa varatidziri vakashinga zvakaenzana vaiyerwa zvikuru uye vasina rutongeso rwakarurama. Kuenzaniswa nevamwe vavo vekuCuba, varatidziri munyika idzi vaive "vasina kukodzera" vakabatwa neBiden. Iyo U.S. mbiri-yakajairwa pakati peanti- uye pro-U.S. hutongi huri pachena, asi munyaya yeCuba yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Kusvika kweCuba kwenzvimbo, iyo yakagara nyika mukati meU. John Quincy Adams inotsanangurwa izvi muna 1823 nekuenzanisa Cuba inodzorwa neSpain-yaakatsanangura se "yakakosha zvakanyanya kune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvekutengeserana zvido zvemubatanidzwa wedu" -neapuro iro United States yaizopedzisira yabva pa "muti wekuzvarwa" nekuda kwe " mitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika pamwe chete negiravhiti yomuviri.”
Anenge makore 140 gare gare mune yakarongwa 1961 memo, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., chipangamazano panguva yekutonga kweKennedy, akatsanangura chimiro chechokwadi chekutyisidzira kwakaitwa neapuro reCuba nekuzvidza mitemo yegiravhiti makumi matanhatu emakore mushure mekunge United States yadzura. Akanyora kuti “kupararira kwepfungwa yaCastro yokuita zvinhu nemaoko ako” rakanga riri dambudziko nokuti “sezvo mararamiro anotanga kuderera, vanhu vakawanda vanorerekera kuchiKomonisiti senzira yokubvisa chigumbu munzanga uye senzira inokurumidza uye yechokwadi yokuita kuti zvinhu zvisanyanya kuoma. social modernization.”
Dai hurumende yeUS yainetsekana pachokwadi nekupikisa hutongi hwejekerere zvisinei nepfungwa, ingadai yakaisa hudzvanyiriri hwebapiro rekurudyi, kusanganisira hwaCastro akafanotonga Batista, kuranga embargo. Panzvimbo iyoyo, mukuwedzera kune embargo, United States yakaisa communist Cuba kumushandirapamwe weCIA-inotungamirwa neiyo yakaburitsa, sekureva kwaSchlesinger, the “zvinotyisa zvepanyika.” Kurwiswa kweCuba kwakanyanyisa kudarika chero imwe nyika yakanangana neshanduko yehutongi muLatin America kusvika kuNicaragua kuma1980. Mugumisiro wenhimbe iyoyo wakanga wava pedyo 3,500 kufa. Huwandu uhu hwakakwira kupfuura huwandu hwevakabatwa mukurwisa kwemagandanga kwaGunyana 11, asi Cuba yakaverengerwa neUnited States kwemakore sekutsigira magandanga.
Kudzokorora Nhoroondo yeU.S.-Cuban Relations
Iyi nhoroondo yakanyorwa zvakanaka yezvimiro zvinokuvadza zveUS kuCuba hairegereri zviito zvehurumende yeCuba kune varatidziri veJ-11.
Tnhoroondo yake yakanyorwa zvakanaka yemitemo inokuvadza yeUS kuCuba hairegereri zviito zvehurumende yeCuba kune varatidziri veJ-11. Asi, pasi rose inobatanidza Cuba uye inodzidzisa vagari vemuUS nezve izvo zvinonyatso kurudzira mutemo wehurumende yavo, zvinoti, hurumende yeCuba inoenderera mberi ichipokana neUS hegemony. Paaive mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika pasi paObama, Biden aitsigira zvizere hukama neCuba uye nekusimudza chibvumirano. Mukati memushandirapamwe wake wemutungamiri wenyika, akapa zvese zvinoratidza kuti aizotangazve gwara. Asi mushure memwedzi mitanhatu semutungamiri wenyika, VaBiden vafunga kuenderera mberi, uye nekutosimbisa, zvirango zvakatemerwa naTrump kudzoreredza kuzorora kwenguva pfupi kwaObama mumakumi emakore eruvengo rweUS. Mamiriro azvino aBiden anotsigira vazhinji vekuCuba America 'hardline chinzvimbo paJ-11-kunyangwe ichitadza kufona kwakanyanyisa. hondo inopindira izvo zvingave zvakanyanya kuipa kupfuura kupinda kweBay of Pigs muna 1961. Shanduko yegwaro kubva kuvimbiso yemushandirapamwe yeBiden imhaka yehuremu hwakakura hwekumaodzanyemba kweFlorida mune zvematongerwo enyika dzesarudzo dzeUS uye mhedzisiro yenguva pfupi yeUS corporate media coverage iyo inopenda Varatidziri veJ-11 sevakabatwa vakakodzera kupfuura avo vari mupro-U.S. nyika.
Sezvo zvakarasika sezvingave zvechiso chaBiden, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti VaObama havana kutevedzera tsika nekuti vaifunga kuti United States yakanga yasarudza Cuba kunze. Asi, mune yake 2016 Havana kutaura vachidana Congress kuti ibvise makumi emakore embargo, Obama akabvuma kuti embargo yakanga isiri kushanda.
“Tinofanira kuva noushingi hwokubvuma chokwadi ichocho,” akadaro, achiwedzera kuti “mutemo wokuzviparadzanisa nevamwe wakagadzirirwa Hondo Yemashoko hauna musoro muzana remakore rechi21. Kurambidzwa kwaive kukuvadza vanhu vekuCuba pane kuvabatsira. "
VaObama vakatadza kutaura mukutaura kwavo kuti nharaunda dzepasi rose dzatsaura United States, kwete Cuba, nekuda kwegwara rayo rakananga kuchitsuwa cheCaribbean. Kubva 1992, UN General Assembly yagara ichivhota kuti ishore kurambidzwa kweUS nekumisikidza: muna 2021, nyika 184 dzakavhotera kuzvishora, mbiri dzakavhota dzichitsigira, uye nhatu dzakaramba. MuWashington, gakava rezvematongerwo enyika reUS pamusoro peCuba rinofuratira chokwadi chepasi rose uye rinoramba rakanangana nezano remumba. Saka hazvishamise kuti hurumende yeCuba yagara ichionekwa seyakaipa zvisingagadzirisike uye yakakodzera zvirango zvakaomesesa nevese vepamusoro uye, kusvika pamwero mudiki, veruzhinji mumitsara yebato reU.S.
Zvirokwazvo, matunhu akasiyana eUS anoona Cuba zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvematongerwo enyika. The Black Lives Matter's statement paJ-11 kunyanya yaive myopic isinganzwisisike, tichifuratira rusaruraganda muCuba uye chokwadi chekuti varatidziri veJ-11 vaive vatema zvisingaite. Asi, semumwe muchena weMiami-based Catholic mutsinhiri akashora zvakanyanya chirevo cheBLM analogized, “Vatungamiriri veChechi yeKaturike harisi sangano rechitendero cheKaturike.” Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda Cuba yepakati nyanzvi yairatidza kuve yakanyanya kutsoropodza kukanganisa kwehutungamiriri hweBLM pane yeRepublican, kazhinji musaruraganda, nzanga chena yeCuba yeAmerica muMiami, iyo inoparadzira zvinopesana-uye zvakakanganiswa zvakaenzana-mufananidzo weCuba sehurumende inodzvinyirira yakasiyana. Nepo dzimwe nyanzvi dzine zvinobatsira kuenzanisa uye kusiyanisa sei uye nei mapoka akadaro eUS achigadzira fungidziro dzavo dzezvematongerwo enyika kuCuba, vakatadza kuratidza musiyano wakanyanya pakati pesimba chairo rinoitwa nemapoka aya kune vanogadzira mitemo veUS. Semuyenzaniso, vashoma veCongressal Democrats vakatsigira zvakataurwa nehutungamiri hweBLM, ukuwo bapiro rekurudyi, Republican, Cuban America chinzvimbo chinoramba chiri kushanda mutemo weU.S. pasi pemutungamiri weDemocratic.
SemuUS-inodzidza kuCuba, ini, zvakare, ndinotsoropodza kuti mamwe mapoka eUS anofambira mberi akaratidzira sei mamiriro emukati meCuba mushure meJ-11. Asi ini ndakasiyana kubva kuUS-yakavakirwa pakati penyika yeCuba nyanzvi pakuti ini ndinotenda zvakasimba kuti ibasa redu rehunhu kutarisa nezvechiito chinoshanda icho hurumende yeUS - pasi rose hegemonic superpower - inogona kutora kuderedza kutambura kwevanhu veCuba. Izvi zvinotanga nekugumisa zvachose zvirango zvisiri pamutemo, zveunzenza, uye zvinoparadza zvakanyanya zvemakore makumi matanhatu eU.S.
Mikael Wolfe ndiye Mubatsiri Purofesa weNhoroondo paStanford University. Basa rake razvino rebhuku rine musoro Mamiriro ekunze anopandukira: Mamiriro Ekunze Akanyanya Kuchinja Kuchinja kweMexico neCuba.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta