Mubatanidzwa usina tsitsi weDare Repamusorosoro rekuparura kweMutemo weKodzero dzekuvhota, veImba Republicans vachiramba bhiri rekupinda nekubuda kwemapurisa uye nhevedzano yemhondi dzemapurisa dzevarume veVatema vasina nhumbi dzinofanira kunge dziri mutsauko pamusoro penjodzi huru dzinounzwa nevekurudyi uye inogona kusimudza. kune danho idzva pakati pevaAfrica muAmerica iro rinogona kupa simba idzva rinodiwa uye kutarisa kwezvematongerwo enyika kune inofambira mberi.
Zvisungo zvisina kunaka uye zvisizvo zvekutonga kwaObama kazhinji ndizvo zvinovavarirwa nemoto unoenderera mberi, uye ndizvozvo. Asi izvi zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu e (uye dzimwe nguva zvinokonzerwa ne) budiriro ine ngozi zvikuru mune zvematongerwo enyika dzeUS: mubatanidzwa wevane simba vane kodzero dzevazhinji vane hukama neBig Business chikamu chatora Republican Party nezvakange zvakaita American Enterprise Institute Conservative Norman. Ornstein anoshoropodza se "chishuwo chisina kunyadziswa chekudzosera makumi emakore ezvehupfumi nemagariro nechero nzira."
The GOP iri mu all out nullificationist mode, inoramba chero mitemo yemubatanidzwa yavasingabvumirani nayo. Vari kushandisa simba ravo mudare redzimhosva neCongress kuvharidzira kupfuudzwa kana kuita chero chinhu chavanoona chinogumbura padanho remubatanidzwa. Uye pasi pe radar maRepublicans vari kukurumidza kuita chirongwa chekurudyi mumatunhu makumi matatu neimwe umo vanodzora hutongi uye makumi maviri nemasere kwavanotungamirira dzimba mbiri. Vakatanga kuvandudzwa kusati kwamboitika kwehurumende kunowedzera kuwedzera kusaenzana uye kukuvadza zvikamu zvose zvevarombo uye vazhinji vevashandi uye vepakati, kukanganisa kodzero dzevanhu vose.
Mucherechedzo mukuru munhoroondo yeU.S. werudzi urwu rwemaitiro asina kuzvidzora yaive kodzero dzematunhu, huranda hwevachena vekuMaodzanyemba kunotungamira kuHondo yeVanhu. Mumakore ekuma1960 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. akashevedzera kuedza kwevasarura kuโbvisaโ mumashoko ake akakurumbira anoti โI have a Dream Speech,โ uye sangano racho rakavakunda.
Iye zvino tave panguva yakakosha mukurwisana kwekodzero yemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, kwakatanga nekukunda kweReagan muna 35. Sezvinoratidzwa munzvimbo yekutamba inochengetedza zvakanyanya inova hurumende yeNorth Carolina, mitemo mitsva nezvimiro zvechirongwa chemazuva ano chekurudyi. zvakanyanyisa uye zvakapesana nenyika yese zvekuti ndinotenda kuti zano ravo nechirongwa chavo chinofanira kunzi "Neo-Secession." Nyika yacho yakamukana mune zvematongerwo enyika kusvika padanho rekuti inganzi hondo yevagari vemo ine runyararo.
Kusashanda uku uye neo-secession kunofanira kuzadzikiswa nechisungo chamutsidzirwa cherusununguko nekururamisira munharaunda. Muzvinafundo mukuru Manning Marable, mutungamiri wehondo ine simba muNorth Carolina NAACP Mutungamiriri Rev. William Barber II, Melissa Harris-Perry weMSNBC nevamwe vakadaidzira Kuvakwazve Kwechitatu kunovaka pamashure eHondo yeVanhu vekutanga Kuvakazve uye Kodzero dzevanhu. /Kuvakazve Kwechipiri.
Tave panguva yakakosha muhondo iyi. Mitsara yehondo inodhirowa: Reactionary Nullification uye Neo-Secession kana Third Reconstruction?
Sekutanga kupatsanurwa, iyi neo-secession yechipiri yakarerekera kuMaodzanyemba kunyangwe iri sangano renyika rine simba risingajairiki kumusoro kweRocky Mountain uye plains states, pamwe nekumaruwa munyika yose. Saizvozvo rusaruraganda, kunyanya rusaruraganda rwevatema, rwuri pahwaro hwarwo kunyangwe kodzero yerusarura ichirova zvese zvedemocracy, zvevakadzi, zvekune dzimwe nyika uye kodzero dzevashandi, zvemagariro uye zvezvakatipoteredza zvirongwa. Kudivi redu bato idzva reAfrican American rinogona kunge richiumbwa, uye zvakakosha kuti zvese zvinofambira mberi zvibatsire mukufamba kwechikamu chinofambira mberi chehuwandu hweU.S. Saizvozvo kurwira kuMaodzanyemba kuri kukura mukukosha. Nehurombo, mazhinji maDemocrats, mibatanidzwa, vanofambira mberi uye mauto ehutongi hwemagariro haana kana maodzanyemba pa radar yavo uye haawanzodyara mari mairi. Izvi zvinofanira kuchinja, uye kuchinja nokukurumidza.
Shanduko yezvinonyanya kukosha uye kusimbaradzwa kwehurongwa hwepasi-pasi kwakakosha mukukunda hurongwa hwekodzero dzeneo-secessionist pamwe chete nekugadzira simba rezvematongerwo enyika reโThird Reconstructionistโ rine simba rakakwana kuti ribudirire kurwisa hutungamiriri hwebato reDemocratic Party mu. hondo dzinofanira kurwiwa navo munzira. Tinogona kugocha Obama zvese zvatinoda, asi kunze kwekunge takwanisa kuvaka simba rine simba rekuruboshwe rwake rinogona kubatana nevane mwero panguva imwe chete kutyora kubata kwezvematongerwo enyika kwekurudyi, tinenge tichipfira mhepo.
Neo-Secession uye Yechitatu Kuvakazve
Ese ari maviri zano rerudyi reNullification uye Neo-Secession uye vanhu vanorwira Kuvaka Kwechitatu kwakadzika midzi munhoroondo yeUS.
Kuitwa zvisina maturo kwakazvarwa muzana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe sedzidziso yemutemo yevaridzi vevaranda iyo inoti ine kodzero yekufuratira chero mutemo wemubatanidzwa, mutongo wekutonga kana chirevo chekutonga chavanopokana nacho. Mukuita zvaireva sarudzo dzedare saDred Scott, congressional filibusters uye reactionary mutemo, uye kubatanidzwa kwesimba revaranda mumatunhu. Yakanga iri mavambo eSecession uye Civil War.
Mushure meHondo yeVanhu, mubatanidzwa wakakunda weMubatanidzwa weVatema kuMaodzanyemba wakabva watema Kuvaka Patsva, chirongwa chegutsaruzhinji, chinofambira mberi uye chine rusaruraganda munhoroondo yeU.S. kusvika panguva iyoyo.
Pakazosvika ma1880s, zvakadaro, veMaodzanyemba nevatsigiri vavo vakapidigura Reconstruction uye vakagadza imwe hutongi hwevachena hwaizivikanwa nerusarura rwuri pamutemo mumativi ese ehupenyu, kuitwazve nhapwa kwevatema uye, zvakatonyanya, kutonga kwevachena pakuvhota uye. simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Hutongi uhwu hwakatopona paChibvumirano Chitsva uye hahuna kuparadzwa kusvika bato reCivil Rights rakunda mutemo weCivil Rights Act muna 1964 uye mutemo wekodzero dzekuvhota muna 1965. Kuvakwazve kweChipiri uku hakuna kuzopedza hudzvinyiriri hwevachena kuMaodzanyemba asiwo kwakapisa mhirizhonga. Anti-Vietnam War, Chicano, Asian America, Native American, mafambiro ekodzero dzevakadzi nengochani. Pamwe chete vakakonzera Hondo Yehurombo uye vakakunda zvisingaenzaniswi kodzero dzenyika nezvirongwa zvevashandi, vakadzi, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, varombo nevamwe.
Nhasi rightwing yave zvakare kubudisa dzidziso yemutemo yerusaruraganda yekuparadza uye kuunza hondo itsva yevagari vemo, isingade ropa nyangwe isingasanganisire mauto ari kurwisana, mukuedza kupidigura zvakasara zvemutemo weNew Deal, Civil Rights uye War on Poverty: e.g. mutero unofambira mberi, kodzero dzekuvhota, Social Security, Medicaid, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kodzero dzekubvisa pamuviri, zvirongwa zvemabasa, kururamisira kune vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, kodzero dzemubatanidzwa, dzidzo yeruzhinji, nezvimwewo. Vanovavarira kudzikisa zvakanyanya zvikamu zvehurumende zvinoshandira vanhu venguva dzose, zvinonyanya kukosha. yezvakasara zvehurumende uye neimwe nzira inogadzirisa zvachose hurongwa hwese hwehurumende kuti vabatsirwe vakapfuma kwazvo nemakambani makuru. Vari kuzviisa mukuita kumubatanidzwa, nyika uye nhanho dzenzvimbo.
Nekuda kwemakumi emakore ekutonga kwemutungamiri wenyika, ivo vanogara munzvimbo zhinji dzematare edzimhosva apo vanenge vachibvisa mitemo inofambira mberi, zvisungo nekodzeroโkunyangwe dzidzo yeveruzhinji, musimboti wenhoroondo yevanhu vari pakati nepakati. Ivo vanodzora Congress kuburikidza nezvematongerwo enyika hardball, gerrymandering uye kushungurudzwa kwemitemo. Nekutonga kwemapazi maviri pamatatu ehurumende yemubatanidzwa (tisingataure nezvemauto) uye kushungurudzwa zvine hutsinye kwevafiri uye kuramba kukuru kwekugadzwa kwevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika, vari kukanganisa hutungamiriri hwaObama.
Zvichakadaro maRepublicans anodzora hutongi hwemagavhuna makumi matatu nerimwe, dzimba dzose dzemaparamende ematunhu makumi maviri nemasere nenzvimbo zhinji dzavari kuenda kuzobvisa mutemo wemubatanidzwa wavasingabvumirani nawo (semuAffordable Care Act uye kuroora kwengochani), kudzikisa zvine chekuita nekubiridzira hurumende nedzidzo yeveruzhinji, kudzoreredza zvakanyanya kodzero dzevanhu vane ruvara, vakadzi, vashandi, vana nengochani uye kubvisa inofambira mberi mutero wemari uchifarira mitero inodzoreka yekutengesa. Lara M. Brown nguva pfupi yapfuura akatiyeuchidza kuti โmitemo yakawanda zvikuru iyo mumwe nomumwe wedu anoteerera mitemo yehurumende, kwete mitemo yehurumende.
Mutongo wa2013 weDare Repamusorosoro wekurambidza zvikamu zvine simba zvikuru zveVoting Rights Act wavhura nzira dzemitemo yekudzvanyirira vavhoti iyo yakambonzi haisi pamutemo. Kunyangwe kuchine vazhinji vevamiriri vevatema vemitemo, David Bostis naThomas Edsall vanoongorora kuti Republican gerrymandering, kudzvanywa kwevavhoti uye kurasikirwa kwevatema veparamende uye kusachigaro wemakomiti zvinoreva kuti "Padanho rehurumende, vavhoti vatema nevakuru vakasarudzwa vane pesvedzero shoma ikozvino kupfuura chero ipi zvayo. kubva panguva yekodzero dzevanhu. "
Zvichakadaro Kudzikira Kukuru kwakawedzera zvikuru mazinga asingagamuchirwi emuhoro wemarudzi uye kusaenzana kweupfumi. Vanotungamirwa nevagadziri uye makambani, vakapfuma (uye kazhinji "vakasununguka" uye "hipster") vachena vari kutorazve maguta uye vachiagadzirisa kune zvavanoda, vachidzinga mamirioni evarombo vatema. Mafashamo emapurisa uye mhondi dzakasvinura mumakore maviri apfuura, nguva pfupi yadarika muBaltimore, dzakaratidza zvinoshungurudza, zvakare, njodzi huru kune Vatema vanogara pakati perusarura chena.
Kuparadzana chaiko kungave kuzviuraya mune zvematongerwo enyika sezvo nyika dzinotungamira zviri pachena dzisina simba rekuhwina imwe nyika. Asi kana vaine nzira yavo musiyano uripo pakati penyika yeBlue neRed ichakurumidza kujeka zvekuti ive analogue yemazuva ano kune nyika dzakasununguka nenhapwa kana nyika dzakapatsanurwa zviri pamutemo dzinopesana nedzisina kusarurana zviri pamutemo dzekare. Panguva ino bapiro rekurudyi rinozvida nenzira mbiri: kubatsirwa nekugara muMubatanidzwa (uye hupfumi hukuru hweBlue states) asi panguva imwe cheteyo kuumbazve nyika dzakawanda mumufananidzo wavo wepfungwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ini ndichifunga kuti zvinotenderwa munhoroondo uye mune zvematongerwo enyika kuburitsa vatsigiri vemazuva ano sevasina maturo uye neo-secessionist.
Kubvisa ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzekufamba kwekurudyi; neo-secession ndiro zano rayo uye chirongwa chayo.
Kodzero yakasvika padanho idzva resimba uye hutsva hwekunyanyisa maererano nesarudzo dzaBarack Obama. Vanoda kusvika zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveRepublican primary electorate muna 2012 vakavhotera vanhu vari kure kure uye vachipesana nekodzero yekambani Romney. Iko kurwira kwedu kuvakunda uye kuunza kutsva, Kuvaka Kwechitatu kunozoita mamwe matanho ekupedza rusaruraganda uye kuunza kururamisira kune vese.
Hapana Chinogona Kuve Neo-Secessionist: North Carolina
North Carolina inhandare yehondo yechokwadi: Obama akakunda nyika muna 2008 nechikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana uye akairasikirwa nezvikamu zviviri kubva muzana muna 2012. Asi kuburikidza nemusanganiswa werombo rakanaka uye zano rakangwara, tisingatauri nezve state Democratic lethargy and division, Republican gerrymandering uye. Iyo yakakura yeiyo rightwing retail mogul Art Pope, North Carolina yanga iri saiti yekukunda kwakanyanya kweTea Party mune zvematongerwo enyika uye yakanyanyisa dhizaini yemutemo uye yemagariro agenda. Kusiyana nemamwe mabhirioni ari right-wingers, Pope inyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika uye murongi-iye aimbova mumiriri wemitemo uye akashanda semutungamiri wekutanga webhajeti yeGov. McCrory-uye nheyo yake inotsigira zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana yemari yemapoka makuru ehurumende.
Muna 2012 maRepublicans akahwina hugavhuna uye ruzhinji mudzimba dzese dzeparamende kekutanga kubva paKuvaka Patsva kwekutanga. Muchokwadi ivo vanozvirumbidza hukuru mudzimba mbiri idzi. โKubva ipapo,โ anodaro The New York Times, "hurumende yenyika yave dhiri rekuparadza, ichiparadza makore ekufambira mberi mudzidzo yeruzhinji, mutemo wemitero, kuenzana kwemarudzi mudare uye mukana wekuvhota."
Mumavhiki maviri ekutanga dare reparamende idzva: (1) rakazova nyika yega yakadzima zvese zvakatemerwa nemubatanidzwa uye mari yekuwedzera kurovha, zvichikanganisa vanhu 170,000. Yakaderedzawo mari yepamusoro yekushaikwa kwemabasa yezvichemo zvitsva kubva pamadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi maviri nemaviri kusvika pamadhora mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu pasvondo uye nehurefu hwakareba kusvika kumavhiki makumi maviri. North Carolina ine chikamu chechishanu chepamusoro chekushaikwa kwemabasa munyika; (522) yakaramba iyo federally funded Medicare benefit iyo ingadai yakapa hutano kune imwe 360 North Carolinians; (20) yakasundirwa kusimbisa iripo inopokana nemubatanidzwa, mitemo yeโkodzero yekushandaโ mubumbiro remitemo yenyika; (2) yakapasa mitemo yeID yevavhoti, kuderedza kuvhota kwekutanga nehafu uye kubvisa kunyoreswa kwezuva rimwe chete; (500,000) zviri pamutemo uye subsidized fracking; uye (3) akapasisa bhiri rekubvisa makomisheni ehurumende nevatongi veDare Repamusoro ravasingadi.
Reverend Chiremba William Barber II, Mutungamiriri weNorth Carolina State weNAACP uye mutungamiri mukuru wekurwa kuri kuramba kuchikura, vanopa mamwe mashoko pamusoro peyavanodaidza kuti โhondo ine utsinye kuvaromboโ:
โVachiwedzera kuzvidza varombo, vanodawo kuti vanhu vanenge vachitsvaga rubatsiro rwenguva pfupi kana kuti rubatsiro rwemari vaende kunoongororwa kuti vanenge vapara mhosva, uye kumanikidza vanenge vachida kupinda muchirongwa chekudzidzisa vanhu vanotambira mari shoma kuti vaende kunoongororwa zvinodhaka, izvo zvavari kuita. Kubhadhara. Iye zvino dare reparamende rinoda kuwedzera nekuwedzera mutero wezvekutengesa, kugerwa bvudzi nemishonga yemishonga. Vari kutotarisira vana varombo vane bhiri rekudzikisa mari inodiwa kuNorth Carolina's prekindergarten chirongwa, zvichiita kuti ive pamiganhu yevana vangangosvika zviuru makumi matatu vangave vakambokodzera. "
Pamusoro pezvo, dare reparamende riri kufamba richiita kuti Medicaid ive yega; kuderedza mari yedzidzo yeruzhinji kusvika padanho ra2007, kupedza nguva yevadzidzisi uye kuisa zvikoro zvemachata pasi pehutongi hwakasiyana; kuvhara makiriniki akawanda ekubvisa pamuviri; uye kudzika mitemo isinganzwisisike kune vaimbopara mhosva kuti vadzorere kodzero dzavo dzekuvhota.
Uku kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kweneo-secession kwakasangana nekurwiswa kukuru. Iyo North Carolina NAACP uye mubatanidzwa wakakura unofambira mberi wawakavaka unonzi Nhoroondo Zviuru paJones Mugwagwa (HKonJ), uko kune capitol yenyika, iri kurwira izvo Rev. Barber anodudza seKuvakazve Kwechitatu. Muna 2013 vakatanga "Moral Monday": Muvhuro wega wega kuratidzira kupokana neparamende kwakateverwa nekusateerera kwevanhu muhurumende. Vanhu vanoda kusvika chiuru vakasungwa, kazhinji vachitsigirwa nezviuru pamisangano. HKonJ nemapoka enhengo dzayo dzakatenderedza Moral Muvhuro nemushandirapamwe wekuronga wedunhu uye nechikamu. Rukundo rukuru rwedare rwakawanwa apo matare akatsigira denho dzebumbiro resangano pakusungwa uye pomero dzakaraswa. Bato iri rakasvika padanho repamusoro musi waKukadzi 1,000, 15 apo makumi ezviuru akafora pamuzinda mukuratidzira kukuru kubva mubato reCivil Rights.
Zvisinei nebasa guru iri, maRepublican akapasisa chirongwa chavo chikuru chemutemo uye vakaramba vachitsigira musarudzo dzemuna 2014, vachibatsirwa nematunhu ave kunetsa. Mukurova kwakasimba vakakundawo Democrat Kay Hagen kuti akunde chigaro cheSeneti yeAmerica mumakwikwi eSenate anodhura zvikuru munhoroondo yeNorth Carolina.
Sangano reMoral/MondayForward Together riri kuunganidza. Yakahwina kuhwina kwakakosha kwemutemo kwekutanga, kunyanya pakodzero dzekuvhota asiwo pakubira uye kudzivirira chigaro chevadzidzisi. Kukadzi uno yakakokorodza zvakare vanhu vanopfuura zviuru gumi mumigwagwa. Zviito zvidiki zvekusateerera kwevanhu zvakatangwa zvakare uye kuratidzira kwagara kwatangazve mudare reparamende. Misangano iri kurongwa zvakare mudunhu rese. Bato iri rakawedzera tarisiro yaro pakurwira mutemo unoshanda sekukwidza muhoro wepasi uye nekuwedzera Medicaid.
Tarisiro ndeyekuti sangano richasimba zvakare muzhizha rino munhevedzano yezviito zvekodzero dzekuvhota. Moral Muvhuro unoronga kuunganidza danho ravo repamutemo vachipokana nemutemo wekudzvinyirira vavhoti panguva yekunzwa kutanga muna Chikunguru 13 muWinston-Salem. Izvi zvichateverwa nezviito zvekutsigira kupikisa kwavo Republican's rucist redistrict pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro reNorth Carolina muna Nyamavhuvhu. Zviito zvakarongwawo kufumura uye kudzosera shure kuparara kwaGov. McCrory chinyararire chechiitiko chevavhoti: kunyoreswa kwevavhoti kwakadzikira 66 muzana pamotokari uye masangano ebasa revanhu.
Kurwisa Neo-Secession
Iyo neo-secessionist strategy inokonzeresa yakaoma seti yezvipingaidzo, zvakasiyana nekupatsanurwa kwakatwasuka. Kodzero inofanirwa kukundwa mumaonero everuzhinji, mumigwagwa, mumabasa nemukuvhota. Uye inofanirwa kukundwa mumatunhu mazhinji ekongiresi uye emitemo, pamwe nematunhu nemaguta madzinza, magavhuna, Congress nemutungamiri wenyika. Izvi zvichatora nguva refu guerrilla political fight. Tinofanira kugadzirira kutora mukana wemikana mikuru yekuunganidza veruzhinji uye kuumba patsva pfungwa dzeveruzhinji padzinenge dzaunzwa - danho reBlackLivesMatter riri kuratidza izvo zvinogoneka - asi zvakare kupinda mumakwikwi esarudzo dunhu nedunhu. Mubatanidzwa mukuru uye wakatsunga wemunhu wese anopikisa kodzero anogona kuita izvi, kwete musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika chete asi matunhu ese ehurumende.
Zvakadaro tinodawo simba guru uye rakarongeka rinofambira mberi kuruboshwe kwaObama naClinton Democrats vane hutongi hwemagariro evanhu hwakasara hunogona kudzika simba iri pakati pevanhu vane ruvara, mibatanidzwa nevamwe varombo vanogona kupa musana unogara unoratidzwa nevakuru veDemocrats. vanoshaya. Izvi zvakakosha kwete chete kuhwina ese ehondo idzi, asi kuve nechokwadi chekuti chirongwa chekurudyi chinozovigwa pamatanho ese uye nekusingaperi, uye chinotsiviwa neKuvakazve Kwetatu.
Kune makumi emamiriyoni ebudiriro muU.S. Zvisinei kusvika parizvino tatadza kuwana kubatana kwakakwana kuti tisimudzire simba redu. Isu tinowanzova vatorwa, kana panguva diki diki tactical allies, mumitsetse yedzinza, kirasi, murume kana mukadzi, pabonde, nyaya uye chikamu, tichitevera zvakaparadzana zvirongwa. Vazhinji vedu tinoita setiri kuisa simba redu nezviwanikwa kumashure kana kuvhotera vamiriri veDemocratic avo vanowanzo tadza kuburitsa, tichitadza kuvaka masimba akazvimirira ega ezvematongerwo enyika. Vamwe vanonzvenga zvematongerwo enyika dzesarudzo, vanorambira mune โzvakachenaโ asi zvisina maturo kana hurongwa husingabudiriri hwebato rechitatu kana kufunga kuti tinogona kuwana kuchengeteka munyika isina purofiti. Kunyange zvazvo vavhoti nevavhoti vakanyanya kukwikwidza musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika dzeRepublican dzakapfuura, hatisati tasvika pedyo nekufananidza mubatanidzwa wemarudzi akawanda waitungamirwa naMufundisi Jesse Jackson kuma1980. Sezvineiwo, Mutungamiri Obama akaziva nehunyanzvi uye akaunganidza mubatanidzwa wesarudzo unofambira mberi muna 2008 na2012, asi vanofambira mberi ivo vane simba shoma rakakosha mukati maro.
Uku hakusi fungidziro asi ichokwadi chekare chezvematongerwo enyika anhasi. Sezvineiwo, vavhoti vemuAfrica muAmerica vari kukura zvine simba uye boka rekuvhota riri kufambira mberi zvikuru munyika uye ruzhinji rweLatino neAsia America rwuri kukurumidza kukurumidza kufamba. Muna 2012 kuvhota kwevatema kwakapfuura kwemamwe mapoka ese. Uye hapana rimwe boka revanhu rinovhota nenzira yakabatana yakasununguka-inofambira mberi.
Zvakadaro, vanofambira mberi havasi kuronga vavhoti ava. Muchokwadi zvinowanzoitika kuti hutungamiriri uye kazhinji kuve nhengo yehutongi hwemagariro husina purofiti uye inofambira mberi yesarudzo uye masangano enhau, mabhodhi evapepeti uye zviito zvakapatsanurwa nerusarura kupfuura Fortune 500. Uye vanhu vazhinji vemasangano enharaunda dzeruvara vakaparadzaniswa nekuwedzera kwevavhoti. . Ikozvino taunzwa nemikana mitsva inomuka kubva mukufambiswa kwakadzika mukupindura hurongwa hunoshamisa hwemhondi dzemapurisa mumakore mashoma apfuura. Kufamba uku kuchatsigirwa uye kurongeka kusvika papi? Ndedzipi nzira dzingangobatanidzwa kana kukanganisa zvematongerwo enyika zvesarudzo uye ndedzipi nzira dzingabatsire basa resarudzo kuvaka sangano?
Vanhu vakasiyana-siyana ndivo tsigiro yechifambiso chikuru chave kunzi "vazhinji hutsva" kana "vavhoti vari kusimukira vekuAmerica" โโpamwe chete nevakadzi vasina kuroora, vashandi nevadiki. Kuwedzera kusaenzana pakati pevakuru, vakadzi vakaroora uye vepakati vanopawo zvakakosha kuronga uye mikana yezvematongerwo enyika. Asi vanofambira mberi vanowanzo shaya mhando yemuvhoti yekuronga mikana iyo kodzero yekure yakazvivakira pairi.
Chokwadi hondo ye Kuvaka Patsva inoitika munzvimbo yakasiyana zvikuru yepasirese uye yenyika pane Reconstruction I and II. Munguva ino yekudzikira kwehumambo, hupfumi hwemagariro uye njodzi iri kuuya yezvakatipoteredza, kuvakazve kwanhasi kwaizosanganisira kwete chete kurwira rusaruraganda, asiwo kupindirana nehondo dzevashandi pamwe nekuedza kurwisa, kurwira vatorwa, kodzero dzevakadzi ne LGBT, rugare uye kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze. munzira itsva. Kusvika ikoko kuchave kwakaoma asi mukana uripo wesangano rekuchinja kwemagariro muU.S. iro rakapamhama uye rakanyanya kusimba pazvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura zvakamboenderera mberi.
Kukosha kweSouth
Muhondo iyi yemoyo nemweya yeU.S., hondo yeMaodzanyemba inomira pamberi nepakati. Maodzanyemba ndiyo nyika yevanonyanya kuita, rusaruraganda uye mauto mazhinji munharaunda yeUS. Asi zvakare imusha kune ruzhinji rwevaAfrica vekuAmerica, iro rinonyanya kufambira mberi munharaunda yeUS. Kodzero yacho inofanirwa kupikiswa pakwavanogara kana vachizokundwa uye maSouthern Blacks ndiwo akakosha pakuumbwa kwechero nyika inofambira mberi. Iko kurwisana nerusarura rwakabatanidzwa mune iyi polarization yakasiyana iyo inopa kurwira kuMaodzanyemba kwakadaro. Rusaruraganda runoramba rwuri muganho wekurwira demokrasi, kuenzana uye kururamisira muUS, uye vamiriri vayo vane simba uye vanopikisa vese vari kuSouth.
Iyo Maodzanyemba zvakare ndiyo nzvimbo huru yehurombo uye mauto uye bastion yekuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kurwira runyararo nekuenzana, nekudaro, kunodawo kurwira Maodzanyemba.
Kutaura zvazviri Maodzanyemba (rangarirai kuti Texas neFlorida dzaive chikamu cheConfederacy) dzine vanhu vakawanda, Vatema vakawanda, hurombo hwakawanda, kuiswa kwemauto kwakawanda, zvigaro zvekongiresi uye mavhoti eSarudzo akawanda kupfuura chero dunhu renyika, uye kukura. Matatu ematunhu mashoma akakosha enhandare yehondo yemutungamiri wenyika ari kuMaodzanyemba: Florida, Virginia neNorth Carolina, munguva pfupi inotevera ichabatanidzwa neGeorgia. Pamwe chete neMaryland neWashington D.C., nyika dzekumaodzanyemba idzi dzoga dzine mavhoti makumi masere nemana esarudzo, zvinodarika zvikamu makumi matatu nechimwe kubva muzana pamavhoti mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe anodiwa kuti munhu ahwine chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika. Kuhwina nyika dzepepuru nematunhu eCongress muSouth kwakakosha mukukunda mumakwikwi emutungamiri wenyika uye kurwira Congress. Uye matunhu zana neshanu emuAfrica muAmerica mazhinji ari kuMaodzanyemba anopa mikana mikuru yekuronga uye yekutonga kune vanofambira mberi.
Kunyangwe ichiwanzo kunyorwa neveNorthern liberals vachinzi nyika yeBible Belt ine mutsipa mutsvuku, nyika yeMaodzanyemba yakatarisana neshanduko yemagariro nehupfumi uye yave muzinda mukuru wekurwira kodzero.
Kare zvinhu zvainyatsotsanangura zveMaodzanyemba zvakanga zviri upfumi hweminda, basa rokumanikidzirwa nerusarura hwakwakavakirwa, rusarura rwemarudzi uye rusarura rwakatenderwa zviri pamutemo, uye udzvanyiriri hwevachena hwakagonesa nekumanikidza zvese izvi. Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine zvisaririra zvakapararira, izvi zvimiro zvechiratidzo zvakakundwa zvakanyanya. Kodzero dzevagari vemunyika, makwikwi ecapitalist epasirese, tekinoroji, kutama nekutama, gentrification/white flight uye exurbs zviri kushandura mamiriro ekuMaodzanyemba, pamitengo yakasiyana uye nenzira dzakasiyana. Chokwadi Maryland neVirginia parizvino vari mugumi repamusoro mumari yepakati pemhuri nepo maodzanyemba achitorawo mapfumbamwe kubva pasi nembiri. Nhasi kunyangwe izvo zvasara zveKu Klux Klan zvinoramba rusaruraganda.
Shanduko idzi, sezvineiwo, zvaita kuti pave nemaitiro maviri anopokana. Kufanana kuri kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika kuSouth nedzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika kwagonesa vatungamiriri vayo kutyaira nyika yerudyi kekutanga kubvira Hondo yeVanhu. Kuita nyika yeMaodzanyemba mune zvematongerwo enyika kwapa kuti kuMaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo huru dzeMaodzanyemba mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Chikamu chakasimba chemubatanidzwa weSouthern Republican hachisi chekambani chete, asi kurudyi kwemasimba emakambani muU.S.: mafuta makuru nesimba, indasitiri yemauto, zvitoro zvakaderera seWalmart, big Pharma, mabhanga ekuMaodzanyemba, chikafu chinokurumidza. makambani uye indasitiri yemajeri yakazvimirira. Vakakomberedzwa nevane simba vehurumende uye venzvimbo, vanowanzo dzika midzi mukuita tsika dzeMaodzanyemba, sevagadziri vezvivakwa, vatengesi vemotokari hombe, kuvaka-muhoro wakaderera, macapitalist edunhu neemuno, mafemu emitemo anochengetedza, matare edzimhosva, machechi akasimba uye madiki. mabhizimisi- makamuri enyika neomunharaunda ekutengeserana nemibatanidzwa yechiKristu.
Mauto aya anobatanidza vanhu vakapfuma vevachena verudyi, vapanduki vemitero, vanoda pfuti nevashandi vachena vane hurombo uye vachena vakanyanya kusimba. Muchetura unoramba uripo ndewekuti vachena vekuMaodzanyemba vanonyanya kuchengetedza, maRepublican uye vanowanzoita vachena kubatana kwezvematongerwo enyika pane kumwe kunhu. Munyika, vangangoita makumi matanhatu muzana yevachena vanovhota Republican musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. Asi vachena vekuMaodzanyemba vanoita izvi ne60 percent plus clip, zvichikwira kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana munzvimbo zhinji dzeDeep South vachipokana naVaObama.
Hapasisina Solid South
Tichitarisa uyu mubatanidzwa unotyisa weRepublican/rightwing, masimba ari pakati nepakati uye ari kusimukira ari kusimukira nemitengo yakasiyana munyika dzakasiyana. The Solid South is Solid haisisiri uye kunyangwe maRepublicans achiri kuhwina nyika zhinji dzeSouthern, vhoti yeDemocratic Presidential kuSouth yanga ichikwira mukati memakumi emakore apfuura.
Kukwanisa kukunda veRepublicans kuSouth kunotanga nenharaunda ine simba dzemuAfrica (neLatino community muTexas) uye kunoenda kumubatanidzwa wekodzero dzevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana wechechi dzerusununguko, magweta anotonga, vadzidzisi vanofambira mberi nevadzidzi, uye mibatanidzwa. Kune chikamu chikuru kwazvo chevavhoti veAfrica muAmerica mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kupfuura kune dzimwe nzvimbo, vachipfuura makumi matatu neshanu muzana muMississippi. Uye seVatema munyika yose, vanogara vachivhota zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zveDemocratic. Kutama kwevatema kuenda kuMaodzanyemba kunoreva kuti kune chikamu chepamusoro chevaAfrica vekuAmerica munharaunda iyoyo kupfuura makumi emakore akawanda. Uye Latino immigration iri kuwedzerawo uye yave chinhu chakakosha muFlorida, Virginia neGeorgia. Sezvinoratidzwa zvakajeka muMoral Moral / Forward Together movement muNorth Carolina, veAfrica America vanoramba vakabata mukana wekutungamirira imwe shanduko huru, yeTatu Reconstruction.
Vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vari kutsigirwa nemasimba matsva anobva mukugadzikiswa kweupfumi hweMaodzanyemba nenzanga, chirongwa chinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwemaguta, kutama kwevanhu munyika nekunze kwenyika, kusimukira kwedzidzo yeveruzhinji nehurumende, kushanya nenharaunda dzakarega basa. Maguta ekuMaodzanyemba ari kukura nekukurumidza muhukuru, anowanzo kuve bhuruu uye kuva bhuruu. SekuMaodzanyemba, mamwe matunhu echikuru ave kuita nhandare dzezvematongerwo enyika kunyangwe mamwe achiramba akasarudzika machena enclaves.
Pane hukuru hwematongerwo enyika hunokonzera kuramba kweMaodzanyemba mukusimudzirwa kwehutano, kukura kwehurumende nedzidzo yeveruzhinji, sezvo vashandi vari muzvikamu izvi vanowanzosununguka uye vakabatana. Kune akakosha uye ari kukura evakadzi uye LGBTQ mafambiro muSouth.
Hapana bato rinomiririra zvakakomba zvido zvehupfumi zvevarimi vadiki kana vachena vanotambura, chikamu chinogona kushanduka, kunyanya sezvo hupfumi hwavo huchiwedzera kusagadzikana.
Kutaura zvazviri Maodzanyemba akaitwa zvisizvo semumiriri weRepublican kubva pakadzikwa mutemo weCivil Rights Act muna 1964. Kusvika 1994 maRepublicans akazokunda ruzhinji rwemakongiresi ekuMaodzanyemba. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzeAfrica America vane mahofisi mudunhu kupfuura mune chero imwe nzvimbo yenyika. MaDemocrat anowanzo kusimba pamatunhu nematunhu pane zvaari musarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika. New Deal uye populist zvematongerwo enyika zvichiripo pakati pevamwe vachena vanoshanda nevarimi vadiki, uye Latino neAsia immigration iri kukura.
Maodzanyemba akasiyaniswa zvakanyanya mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mune zvehupfumi, uye kurwira kuMaodzanyemba kunofanirwa kuve kwakasiyana-siyana uye kutorwa nenyika.
Washington DC neMaryland kare vakashandura Blue, uye Florida, Virginia neNorth Carolina ikozvino inzvimbo dzechokwadi dzenhandare. Mutungamiri Obama vakakunda Florida kaviri, uye Virginia neNorth Carolina kamwe chete, vachirasikirwa zvakanyanya imwe nguva. Pamwe chete zvakabuda musarudzo dzemunhandare yehondo muFlorida, Virginia neNorth Carolina zvinogona kudoma mutungamiri wenyika. Mushure meNorth Carolina, Georgia ndiyo yaive nyika inokwikwidza zvakanyanya yakahwinwa naRomney uye ingangove nyika inotevera kuve yepepuru. Sezvambotaurwa, Maodzanyemba anewo makuru makuru eSeneti uye congressional nhumwa uye inodzora akawanda akakosha makomiti. Tisina kukunda vazhinji vevaMaodzanyemba congress hatingakwanise kukunda kutonga kweCongress.
Mississippi ichine nzira dzekuenda. Asi kugona, uye kukosha, kweMississippi kuri pakuti ine chikamu chepamusoro chevagari veVatema munyika uye vanomiririra zvikamu makumi matatu nezvinomwe kubva muzana zvevhoti. MaRepublicans anongobata zvigaro zvishanu chete muImba yehurumende. Kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remitemo yenyika kunotsanangura "unhu" sekutanga pakubata pamuviri uye kurambidza kubvisa pamuviri "kubva panguva yekusangana" kwakakundwa ne37 muzana yevavhoti muna Nov. 55. Uye kwenguva yakareba Black uye murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu Chokwe Lumumba akasarudzwa meya weJackson. muna 2011, guta guru uye guta guru. Chokwe akapasa zvisingatarisirwi muna 2012, asi kukwikwidza kwake kwakabudirira kunongedza kune hukuru hukuru hwematunhu 2013 eVatema mazhinji kuSouth. (Hakuna kunze kweSouth.)
Pakupedzisira kusandura Texas kuita nhandare yenhandare yehondo chinonyanya kukosha sezvo, tichitarisa hukuru hwayo nehuwandu hwehuwandu hweLatino, inogona kuve shanduko yenyika.
Masimba ezvematongerwo enyika anofambira mberi uye mheremhere huru inogona kunzwika munyika dzose dzeMaodzanyemba. Nepo dzimwe dzedzimwe nyika, kunyanya idzo dzinenge chena dzese, hadzisi nzvimbo yakanaka, kunyangwe paine matambudziko akakosha ekurwisa rusaruraganda, urombo, fracking, mafuta mahombe nezvimwe zvakakosha kuhondo yenyika, sezvazvaive panguva yeKodzero dzeVanhu. kufamba. Maodzanyemba ndipo panofanirwa kuburitswa mubatanidzwa wakakura wakanangana neveAfrica America uye kurudyi kuendeswa kuseri kwemba yavo.
Maodzanyemba inzvimbo zvakare yeimwe yeanofadza zvikuru social justice kuronga munyika.
Kukundwa kwePersonhood amendment uye kusarudzwa kwaChokwe Lumumba sameya weJackson kunosimbisa simba riri kukura remapoka akaita se. Mississippi One Voice, iyo Mississippi Black Leadership Summit uye Malcolm X Grassroots Movement muMississippi.
Virginia New Majority yabva yatanga nekusimbaradza kwezvematongerwo enyika uye sesimba guru rekuronga muparamende yeVirginia. Rinogona kunge riri boka rekutanga rakanyatsojeka rezvemagariro ekutanga chirongwa chitsva chinofadza chekuziva, kudzidzisa uye kumisa vanofambira mberi munzvimbo dzakakosha dzehurumende. New Virginia Majority uye Florida New Majority yakavaka imwe yesarudzo huru dzesocial justice munyika munzvimbo iyoyo yakakosha yenhandare.
Final Remark
Sarudzo dzemuna 2016 dzatove kuenderera mberi, uye matunhu ekuMaodzanyemba eFlorida, Virginia neNorth Carolina, pamwe neOhio, ndiwo angangove iwo nhandare huru yehondo inotaura kuti ndiani achakunda.
Mahoki acho haangambokwikwi uye nhangemutange ndeye kukandirana. Kana Republican akasarudzwa semutungamiri, maRepublican anogona kutonga bazi rega rega rehurumende yemubatanidzwa pamwe nemagavhuna makumi matatu nerimwe. Rega zvakaitika kuNorth Carolina zvitizivise nezvenjodzi: "ari pakati nepakati" Republican aimbove Meya weCharlotte, guta rine bhuruu, akasarudzwa kuva gavhuna, asi dare reparamende rine hasha rakapfuura chirongwa chemutemo che ALEC munguva yemavhiki maviri. Kukunda kwemutungamiri weRepublican muna 31 kungangotevera bhuku rekutamba rimwechete.
Zvakakosha kuti maRepublicans adzivirirwe kutora chigaro chemutungamiri wenyika asiwo kiyi kune vanofambira mberi kuti vawane nzira dzekutsigira mumiriri weDemocratic Alliance (angangove Hillary Clinton) vachipikisana nemaRepublicans asi izvo zvinomusundidzira kune zvimwe zvinzvimbo zvinofambira mberi uye, zvakanyanya kukosha. , tikwanise kuvaka kubatana nesimba remasimba anofambira mberi. Kupinda kwaBernie Sanders mujaho kunofanirwa kubatsira maitiro aya.
Bato reBlackLivesMatter ratova simba mune zvematongerwo enyika dzeU.S. Kana ikaramba ichiwedzera simba inogona kunyatsogadzirisa sarudzo. Nekudaro, kupatsanurana kwakatenderedza rusaruraganda hakungobatsiri vanofambira mberi munguva pfupi, sezvo isu tingave takarongeka nevasarura. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti tiise kurwa uku pamberi uye pakati pese munguva refu uye pfupi. Izvi hazvigone kuitwa pasina kubatanidzwa kwakanyanya kwevazhinji veAfrica America vanogara uye vachinetseka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ezvematongerwo enyika eSouth.
Kubuda kwemurwi mutsva weAfrican American inotungamirwa kune nhanho huru kusangano rinofambira mberi rose sezvatinotora basa rekurwisa kukunda neo-secession uye kugadzira Kuvakazve Kwechitatu kune runyararo, mabasa, kuenzana nekururamisira.
Bob Wing anga ari murongi wezvemagariro evanhu uye munyori kubvira 1968. Akanga ari mupepeti wekutanga wemagazini yeColourLines nebepanhau reWar Times/Tiempo de Guerras. Ichi chinyorwa chinovaka pamusoro uye ndeyekuvandudza kwekutanga Nyamavhuvhu 1, 2013 chidimbu. Tinotenda Max Elbaum naSendolo Diaminah nemazano avo. Bob anogara muDurham, NC uye anogona kubatwa kuburikidza neFacebook.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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"Pashure peHondo Yevagari, iyo yakakunda Union mubatanidzwa nevatema muSouth yakabva yatema Kuvakazve ...". Chokwadi? Ibva pa vaporizer dude. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kana vachena vekare vakanyora nezvezvinhu zvavasinganzwisise. Uyezve, ndapota ndiratidze makumi emakore ekufambira mberi ayo maRepublican akaipa ari "kubvisa". Kufambira mberi kwakadini? Mamiriro emhuri yeVatema? Dismal. Zvemagariro evanhu, zvepfungwa, zvedzidzo, zvemari, chero chiyero, chinoodza mwoyo. Vatema vari kutamira kuMaodzanyemba kuti vatize hurongwa hwekurima mumaguta hunochengetedzwa nehungwaru nevanotenga mavhoti vanofambira mberi. Izvo, uye nezvimwe zvese mupoto yavo inosemesa yezvematongerwo enyika kutadza kwakaipa. Mamwe ese ako e-neo-secessionist nonsense anoita seakafanotemerwa pane pfungwa yekuti paive ne "golden age yekugonesa" uye kuti chero munhu asingaoni hutongi hwehuwandu semhinduro yakaipa. "Nzira dzehondo dzakatemwa ...". Mupfungwa dzako chete shamwari yangu.