"Hapana mhinduro yemauto" chirevo chinowanzonzwika kubva "hondo yepasi rose yehugandanga" yakatanga anenge makore gumi nemasere apfuura.
Tinoda mhinduro dzezvematongerwo enyika kumakakatanwa emauto atakazvipinza mukati memakumi maviri emakore apfuura, vazhinji vanoita mitemo vanobvuma. Asi panguva ino, hurumende nhatu dzekupedzisira dzakatumira muchiuto kuti dzigadzirire nzira yekugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika - uye dzakavachengeta ipapo, vachinzi kuchengetedza vanhu kubva kuTaliban muAfghanistan, ISIS muSyria uye al-Shabab muSomalia, mamwe mapoka evarwi.
Asi kazhinji, vanhuwo zvavo vanova vakuvadzwa nemauto eWashington anofungidzirwa kuti akaiswa kuvadzivirira.
Nhepfenyuro yemishumo mitsva inonyora kuwedzera kunotyisa kwevanhu vakakuvara zvakakonzerwa nekushanda kweUS muSyria, Afghanistan neSomalia - uye nazvo, maitiro ekuramba kweUS nezvehukuru hwedambudziko. Mhedzisiro ihondo yepasi rose yehugandanga inoramba ichiuraya nekukuvadza vanhuwo zvavo - kusanganisira vana - muhuwandu hunoramba huchikwira.
Siriya
ISIS yakatora guta reRaqqa, kuchamhembe-pakati peSyria, seguta guru rekudaidzwa kwayo "caliphate" muna Ndira 2014. Hurumende yeObama yakatanga chirongwa chebhomba muSyria inowira, ichiteverwa nemauto epasi mu2015.
Kudzora kweboka kweguta kwakaratidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa kune vagari vemo - kusanganisira zvirango zvine hutsinye zvekutyora kwemitemo yechitendero yeISIS, kuuraya kunze kwekutonga uye huranda hwepabonde. Kurwa kweSyria kwaisanganisira zvese ISIS nemasimba akasiyana anoshanda munyika: Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, US neRussia, tisingarevi hurumende yeSyria uye akasiyana mauto anopikisa. Nekuda kwekurwiswa kwepasirese uku, Raqqa nevagari vayo vakaomerwa vakatarisana nerufu nekuparadzwa nguva dzose kwemakore.
Asi yaive mishandirapamwe yekubhomba yakatungamirwa neUS muRaqqa iyo vagari neguta ravo vakabhadhara mutengo wepamusoro. The Kubvumbi 2019 Amnesty International mushumo musoro unozvipfupikisa: โRhetoric versus Reality: โNhimbe yemhepo yakanyatsojeka munhauโ yakasiya Raqqa riri guta rakaparadzwa zvikuru munguva dzazvino uno.โ
Kurwiswa kwacho kwakanga kusina kupera. "Mumwe mukuru wemauto eUS akazvirova dundundu nekupfura zviuru makumi matatu zvehondo panguva yemushandirapamwe - izvo zvakaenzana nekurova maminetsi matanhatu ega ega, kwemwedzi mina yakatwasuka - kupfuura huwandu hwepfuti dzakashandiswa mukurwisana kupi zvako kubva muhondo yeViet Nam," mushumo wacho unodaro. Yakawedzera kuti "unguided artillery" "inozivikanwa zvisina kunaka."
Amnesty yakanyora vanhu zviuru zana nemazana matanhatu vakaurayiwa nendege dzinotungamirwa neUS paguta, zvichimisa kuverenga kwavo kune avo sangano nevabatsiri varo vakakwanisa kuonesa pasi. "Kuwedzera kwekufa kwaRaqqa hakushamisi," mushumo wacho unopedzisa, "zvichifunga nezve Coalition isingaperi yezvombo zvehondo izvo zvaive zvisiri izvo zvekusvika pakusarura kana zvichishandiswa pedyo nevanhuwo zvavo."
In chiitiko chimwe, chivako chokugara chine nhurikidzwa shanu umo mhuri ina dzakanga dzichivanda chakaparadzwa chose chose nokurova kwemhepo. "Vanenge vese - vanosvika makumi matatu nevaviri vanhu, kusanganisira vana makumi maviri - vakaurayiwa," mushumo wakadaro. Uye zvakatoipisisa: โVhiki imwe gare gare, vamwe vanhuwo zvavo 32โkubatanidza hama dzokunyama dzakawanda dzeavo vakaurawa mukuramwa mabasa kwokutangaโvakaurawawo apo ndege yakaparadza chivako chaiva pedyo.โ
Vakuru vePentagon vaigara vachizvitutumadza nezve "chaiyo" bhomba reguta vanobvuma kuurayiwa kwevanhu 159 chete muRaqqa - vangangoita gumi muzana yeavo Amnesty yakasimbiswa. Kusvika pari zvino, varamba vamwe vese vachiti "vasingatendeseki," vachiramba kutanga kuferefeta kwakadzama kwemutero chaiwo.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti kuferefeta kwakakomba senge Amnesty's muRaqqa kwaizonyora vanhu vakawanda vakakuvara munzvimbo dzese dzemitambo yehondo yepasi rose yehugandanga.
Afuganisitani
Hondo yeUS muAfghanistan iri mugore rayo rechigumi nesere, uye vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda vari kufa gore rega rega.
Mumwedzi yekutanga ye2019, United Nations yakaronga kuti, kekutangakubva apo UN Assistance Mission yakatanga kunyora kufa kwevanhu, vanhu vazhinji vakaurayiwa nemauto eUS neUS-akatsigirwa kupfuura neTaliban kana ISIS. Vanosvika hafu yevakafa vakakonzereswa neUS nevabatsiri vayo zvakaitika nekuda kwekurwiswa kwendege kweUS, kwakauraya nhamba yakakura yevakadzi nevana.
Mutauriri wemauto eUS muAfghanistan akataura nezve trope inozivikanwa kwazvo yekuti mauto eUS "tinozvibata padanho repamusoro rekurongeka uye kuzvidavirira," vasati vadzokorora kutaura kwakajairika nezvemhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika: "Nzira yakanaka yekupedza kutambura kwevasiri varwi. kugumisa kurwa kuburikidza nokuderedza mhirizhonga kumativi ose.โ
Sekureva kwaSpecial Inspector General weAfghanistan Reconstruction, hurumende inotsigirwa neUS muKabul yave kutonga. inenge 54 muzana chete yematunhu enyika. Makore gumi nemasere ehondo nekugara hazvina kubvisa maTaliban - zvakatopesana. IUS, Russia nemapoka akasiyana emasangano evagari vemuAfghan vese vari kutaurirana neTaliban, uku hurumende yeAfghan inotsigirwa neUS ichipera pasi pehuwori nekusakwanisa.
Hondo muAfghanistan yave kutadza kwete mune zvematongerwo enyika chete asi mumagariro evanhu. Kubva muna 2017, huwandu hwekufa kwevacheche muAfghanistan - chikamu chevacheche vanofa zuva ravo rekuzvarwa risati rasvika - ndipo paive paive apo maTaliban aive achitonga, isati yapinda neUS: Nhamba yekutanga munyika.
Somaria
Hondo yeUS isingaonekwe paSomalia yanga ichiitika zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kutanga kwema1990. Kubva pakurwiswa kwaGunyana 11, 2001, mashandiro eUS ikoko akabatanidza Special Forces nemamwe mauto epasi achivhima al-Qaeda, al-Shabab nemamwe masangano echiuto. Kutanga pasi pehutongi hwaObama, chakanyanya kutariswa yanga iri hondo yemhepo inoitwa zvakanyanya nemadrones.
Muna 2017, Mutungamiri Trump vakasunungura mirau yagara isiri-yakanyanya-yakasimba inotonga kurwiswa kwedrone, kudzikisa mitemo yenguva yaObama yaifanirwa kuchengetedza vanhuwo zvavo. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakakosha kuwedzera mukurova kwe drone munyika : Huwandu hwekurwiswa muna 2017 hwakakwira kusvika pamakumi matatu nemana, ndokuzokwira zvakare muna 34 kusvika ku2018 - uye gore rino kutaridzika kwegore rino kunopfuura kupfuura izvo.
U.S. Africa Command inototi yakauraya vanhu vaviri chete mumakumi ezviuru ekurwisa ndege kwakatangwa mumakore maviri apfuura. Asi weAmnesty International Brian Castner anodana izvozvo โkuramba chokwadi. โ Mu New York Times, Castner anonyora kuti โmushanu dzehondo idzodzo dzoga, Amnesty International inogona kuziva nemazita vanhu 14 vakaurayiwa. Nekuramba vanhu vakakuvara, hurumende yedu iri kuyedza kuvheneka nyika yese. "
Kuwedzera kwekupindira kwemauto eUS muAfrica yose kwakaramba kuri pasi peruzhinji radar. Asi zvinoenderera mberi - uye sezvakangoita mune dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzehondo dzeUS, zvinokonzeresa kukundikana kwakafanana kwemauto kumisa kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza.
Maererano nezvinoshamisa mutori wenhau Nick Turse, "Mumakore aya apfuura, nhamba yevashandi, mamishinari, madhora akashandiswa, uye maitiro anokosha ekudzidzira ops pamwe chete nezvigaro zve drone nemamwe mapoka ekunze mukondinendi yose yakawedzera ... Anenge pasina munhu, zvisinei - kana maseneta aya kana vezvenhau - yamutsa mibvunzo yakananga, isingadanwi mhinduro dzakajeka, pamusoro pekuti sei matambudziko [okuchengetedza] mukondinendi akaratidzira zvakakwana kuwedzera kwemauto eAmerica.โ
Zvichida imhaka yekuti - semuAfghanistan neSyria - mashandiro aya haaite chinhu nezvehurombo hwakanyanya, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, huori nehondo (dzinowanzotangwa neveMadokero) izvo pamwe chete zvinopa kwakabva uye kukurudzira kwezviito zvekunyanyisa.
Huwandu hwevanhu
Seri kwenhamba dzacho kune nhamba isingatsungiririki yevanhu.
โNdakaona mwana wangu achifa, achipiswa nemarara pamberi pangu,โ akadaro mumwe mukadzi akafirwa anobva kuRaqqa. โNdakarasikirwa nemunhu wose aindida. Vana vangu vana, murume wangu, amai vangu, hanzvadzi yangu, mhuri yangu yese. Chaisava chinangwa chekusunungura vanhuwo zvavo here? Vaifanira kutiponesa, kuponesa vana vedu.โ
Asi kurambwa kwechiyero - uye muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuvapo chaiko - kwevafi vevanhu chave chiri chiitiko chehondo yepasi rose yeWashington yehugandanga kubva payakabva. Muna 2002, Gen. Tommy Frank, panguva iyoyo-mukuru weUS Central Command, akataura kuti โhatiite basa remuviri.โ
Huwandu hwemabhomba, kurohwa nedrone uye kudzima moto ingori muromo wechando. Asingasanganisirwe mazana ezviuru akaurayiwa munzvimbo dzehondo pasi rose Zvirango zvehupfumi zvakatemerwa neUS, nenzara inobva mukuvhiringidzwa kwegadziriro yezvokudya, uye nehosha dzinobva mukubhomba kwe zvivako zvekugadzirisa mvura, zvipatara nemakiriniki.
Chirevo chekare chichiri chechokwadi: Hapana mhinduro yemauto kune chero yemakakatanwa aya. Chero bedzi zviito zvehondo zvinokundikana zvichiri kuitwa, zvisinei, vanhuwo zvavo vacharamba vachifa. Uye vari kuurayiwa nemasoja chaiwo nevatyairi vendege, vanobhomba, National Security Councils, congressional war- funders, maparamende, makurukota uye mapurezidhendi vanoti vari kuvasunungura.
Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirwa nekubatana ne Mune Zuva.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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