Kwayaka: Guardian
Mitemo yekusvibiswa kwemhepo yeUS inogona kunge isina kukwana zvakanyanya mukudzivirira kufa, nyanzvi dziri kupedzisa kubva muongororo itsva yezvingangokonzeresa kufa kwevarwi vehondo vanosvika mamirioni mana neshanu.
Rakadhindwa mupepanhau rakatariswa nevezera reJama, tsvagiridzo iyi inoona kuti 99% yevakafa kubva kuzvirwere zvine chekuita nerumwe rudzi kusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinoitika muvanhu vanooneswa nhanho dzakaderera pane Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) parizvino inoona seyakagamuchirwa.
Asi EPA yaDonald Trump inogona kuiswa kuchengeta chiyero chazvino - nekudaro zvichitungamira kuenderera mberi kusvibiswa kwemhepo-kufa kwakabatana. Sangano iri riri kuongorora zvakare sainzi yakasimbiswa inobatanidza kusvibiswa kwechikamu kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa uye mamwe masosi ane huwandu hwehurwere.
Vanosvika mazana maviri ezviuru vekuAmerica vanofungidzirwa kuti vanofa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo gore rega rega, asi masayendisiti akambotadza kudoma zvikonzero zvekufa kweinenge hafu yevanhu ivavo.
Tsvagiridzo nyowani yakaongorora marekodhi ekurapa evarwi vehondo vakafa ndokuaenzanisa nemazinga ekusvibiswa kwemhepo mumazip code avo. Ivo vakatarisa pane PM 2.5, kana inhaable particulate kusvibiswa kuri kuita 2.5 micrometer kana diki - chidimbu chehupamhi hwebvudzi remunhu.
Vakabatanidza zvikonzero zvipfumbamwe zvekufa nekusvibiswa: chirwere chemoyo, chirwere checerebrovascular, chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi, chirwere chisingaperi chemapapu, dementia, chirwere cheshuga chechipiri, hypertension, kenza yemapapu uye pneumonia.
Zvitatu zveaya mamiriro aive achangobva kuzivikanwa masangano: chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi, hypertension uye dementia.
Miles Keogh, mutungamiriri mukuru weboka rinomiririra vanodzora vemhepo vehurumende nevemunharaunda, akati: โTinoziva kuti vanhu vanokuvadzwa kubva mukuratidzirwa kwakaderera pane [mipimo yazvino].
โMubvunzo ndewekuti kutengeserana kunzanga kwakakodzera here. Kana vanhu vashoma chete vakakuvadzwa, pamwe nzanga inobvuma njodzi, โakadaro Keogh. "Asi kana ongororo yakaratidza 99% yerufu ruchiitika padanho repazasi pechikumbaridzo, izvo zvinofanirwa kutiita kuti titarise zvakanyanya kuoma kana chikumbaridzo ichidzivirira vanhu zvinobudirira."
Nekuti masayendisiti haagone kufumura zvidzidzo kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kuyedza mhinduro, vanofanirwa kuvimba nedata riripo rechirwere chechirwere. Veterans vakapa yakakura sosi yemarekodhi akachengetwa nehurumende yemubatanidzwa.
"Vanokahadzika vanogara vachikuudza kuti kuwirirana uye kuwirirana hakusi kukonzera, asi mudenda rezvakatipoteredza, ndizvo zvakanakisa zvaungaite," akadaro munyori-munyori Dr Ziyad Al-Aly, anotungamira kiriniki yechirwere chechirwere paWashington University mu. St Louis uye mukuru wekutsvagisa kuVeterans Affairs St Louis utano Care System.
Al-Aly akatsanangura kuti vaongorori vanoongorora marekodhi erufu chete vaigona kungoona "pamuromo wechando". Chikwata chake chakaongorora zvirwere izvo vanhu vainetseka nazvo vasati vafa kuti vawane mufananidzo wakajeka wehutano hwavo hwese.
Tsvakurudzo iyi yakasimbisawo kusaenzana kunoshamisa mu kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokuvadza sei vatema vekuAmerica kupfuura vachena vekuAmerica. Vanhu vatema vekuAmerica vainyanya kuratidzirwa kumazinga epamusoro ePM 2.5. Asi vairwarawo kudarika varungu kunyangwe vaifema mweya mumwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwezvemagariro nehupfumi zvinhu, sehurombo uye kuwana hutano.
"Ndakapinda mairi ndichifunga kusvibiswa kwemavara ... zvakazoitika kuti hachisi chokwadi," Al-Aly akadaro. โChaizvoizvo, kusvibisa pachakwo kunosarura. Pamwero wakafanana wekusvibiswa, vanhu vatema vanowanzobatwa zvakanyanya. Uye pamusoro pazvo, vanhu vatema vanosangana nekusvibiswa kwakawanda kupfuura vachena.
โZvakangofanana nokurova kaviri,โ akadaro. โHazvina kunaka zvechokwadi.โ
Tsvagiridzo nyowani inogara ichiburitsa pachena hutano hwakakura kubva mukusvibiswa kwemhepo. Imwe ongororo yakaburitswa neChitatu muna pfungwa yakawedzera kusimbisa hukama pakati pekusvibiswa kwemhepo nematambudziko ekuziva. Vakadzi vane makore ekuma70 nema80 avo vakaoneswa kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kuderera mundangariro uye neAlzheimer's-like brain atrophy, sekureva kwevaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeSouth Carolina.
"Ichi chidzidzo chekutanga kunyatsoratidza, mumuenzaniso wenhamba, kuti kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakabatana nekuchinja kwehuropi hwevanhu uye kuti shanduko idzi dzakabva dzabatana nekudzikira kwekuita kwendangariro," akadaro Andrew Petkus, mubatsiri purofesa wekiriniki neurology.
Emily Holden mutori wenhau wezvakatipoteredza weGuardian US.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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