May 17 akaratidzira kurangarira kwegore negore kwechi57 kweBrown v. Board of Education, mutongo unokosha weDare Repamusorosoro wakazivisa rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende zveU.S. Zvakare nhasi, zvikoro zveAmerica zvakapatsanurwa kupfuura zvazvaive makumi mana emakore apfuura.
Kana kubvisa rusaruraganda mudzidzo yaive hondo yekutanga yekodzero dzevanhu, inoramba iri iyo inogara kwenguva refu. Mutongo wedare wakadaidzira zvikoro "zvakaparadzana asi zvakaenzana" zvisiri pamutemo wakaita kuti varoorani vane tariro makumi emakore ekubatana kwemarudzi. Asi nhasi vana vazhinji vekuUS vanoenda kuzvikoro zvine rusaruraganda uye zvemagariro nehupfumi zvakangofanana.
Vanosvika makumi mana muzana evadzidzi vevatema neLatino muUS vari muzvikoro kupfuura vanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana vatema neLatino, maererano neongororo ya40 neUCLA's Civil Rights Project. Zvikoro izvo vana vatema neveLatino vanotariswa mazviri kazhinji zvikoro zvehurombo, zvakare. Avhareji mudzidzi mutema anoenda kuchikoro uko 90 muzana yevaanodzidza navo vanogara muurombo, nepo avhareji mudzidzi weLatino anoenda kuchikoro icho 2009 muzana yevarombo.
Uye havasi vatema chete neLatinos vari vega. Vadzidzi vechichena vanoenda kuzvikoro zvine 77 muzana vachena, uye 32 muzana varombo.
VaObama manejimendi, avo vari kutungamira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvikoro zvine hukasha, vanoziva zviri kuitika. Muhurukuro huru inodaidzira kuvandudzwa kweElementary and Secondary Education Act muna 2009, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan akabvuma nemazwi mashoma kuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro zvemuUS, pamwe nekuneta nezvose zvakayedzwa kugadzirisa.
"Vashoma vashoma vanga vachiri voga mumakirasi avo," akadaro Duncan nezvevadzidzi vanokura munguva yekodzero dzevanhu, achiwedzera, "Vazhinji vachiri nhasi, uye tinofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti tishandure."
"Tave nemakumi mashanu emakore ekuchinja, zvidzidzo zvisingaverengeki, mishumo yemvura yakaita se'Nyika Iri Panjodzi,' uye kudzokororwa uye zvisungo kubva kuboka rezvematongerwo enyika kuti dzidzo ive pamberi penyika," akadaro Duncan. โUye zvakadaro takamirira zuva iro mwana wose muAmerica achange aine dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro inomugadzirira ramangwana.
Asi hutongi hwaObama hwakange hwakanyarara pakusarurana zvakare muzvikoro, kunyangwe mitemo yekuvandudza yakanangana nenharaunda dzine hurombo dzeruvara uko kune zvikoro zvinopasa zvakanyanya. Makumi maviri nerimwe emakore kusarurana kwemarudzi muzvikoro zveU.S. chigadzirwa chemakumi emakore ezvisarudzo zvematare edzimhosva pamwe nekuparadzaniswa kwekugara.
"Hakuna zvirongwa zvakakosha zvehurumende kana zvemubatanidzwa uye zvishoma zvakazvimiririra philanthropy kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekugadzira zvirinani zvikoro zvakabatanidzwa zvine huwandu hwemarudzi uye hupfumi hwakasiyana kana kudzidzisa vadzidzisi nevadzidzi nezve nzira dzekufambisa zvinobudirira zvikoro zvehurombo zvemarudzi akawanda," akanyora kudaro munyori wekudzidza weUCLA Gary. Orfield.
Chikamu chayo chinobva kuneta pamwe chete. Yekutanga, mushure meBrown kusundidzira kumakirasi akabatanidzwa kwakapa nzira mumakore apfuura kuhondo pamusoro pebhazi uye akati wandei Dare Repamusorosoro sarudzo muma1990s izvo zvakamanikidza zvikoro kudonhedza nhangemutange sefungidziro yekubata basa rechikoro. Mutongo weDare wa2007 wakaganhurira matunhu echikoro cheSeattle neLouisville kuti asaite mitemo yedesegregation yakapedza kureba kwayo kubva paBrown v. Board. Zvichakadaro, vamiriri vedzidzo vakachinja nhare dzavo kubva pakuda kubatanidzwa kuenda kukudaidzira kuenzana. Padivi pekuchinja uku, nhamba uye kuomerwa kwekuyedza kwanga kuri kubata, zvakakonzerwa ne1983 "Nyika iri Panjodzi" mushumo waDuncan anonzi. Kushungurudzika ikoko ndiko kwava kutonga shanduko yedzidzo.
Kubatanidza zvikoro kuchiri chinangwa chakakodzera. Vatsvaguri vakaona kuti desegregation, nepo inogara ine minzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika, ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakananga dzekusimudzira kubudirira kwedzidzo yevadzidzi veruvara, kunyanya avo varombo. Vatsvagiri veColumbia University vakawana kuti pavakadzora kune zvimwe zvekunze zvehupfumi nemagariro, vadzidzi muzvikoro uko vana vatema nevechiLatino vaive vakaparadzaniswa nevana vemamwe madzinza vaive nehunyanzvi hwemasvomhu nekuverenga - zvekuti kukura kwavo kwedzidzo kwaive kwakaganhurirwa nekuumbwa kwerudzi rwavo. zvikoro.
Uye vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeConnecticut vakaongorora nzira nyowani sedziya dzinofarirwa neNorth Carolina's Wake County chikoro dunhu. Ikoko, vadzidzi vari munharaunda dzakapfuma vanogona kuenda kuzvikoro zvemagineti munzvimbo dzine urombo, nepo vadzidzi vari munharaunda dzine urombo vanopinda zvikoro munzvimbo dzakapfuma. Kubudirira kwevadzidzi kwakavandudzwa muhurongwa. Sebhonasi yakawedzerwa, vatsvakurudzi vakawanawo kuti kubvumira vana vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana kuti vatandare pamwe chete kwakavandudza mafungiro evadzidzi vemarudzi pamusoro peumwe neumwe.
Zvakadaro, matare uye tea partier-inodzorwa mabhodhi echikoro zvakaramba zvichikanganisa kuedza kwekubatanidza.
Nhasi, zvinokurudzira zvikuru zvekuvandudza dzidzo, zvakatsinhirwa nekusundidzirwa mugwaro rekutonga kwaObama, kuzvidavirira kwevadzidzisi kuburikidza nekuyedza uye kuwedzera chikoro checharter. Mukudzokororwa kwesaga rekuvandudzwa kwezvikoro, rudzi rwuri kwese kwese - kubvuma kuvepo kwemukana wekubudirira kutaura kusina kupokana mazuva ano. Asi chaizvo kudoma, uye kugadzirisa, midzi yekusaenzana kwedzidzo yakapfuura.
Sezvandakaudzwa neEconomic Policy Institute's Richard Rothstein pandakanga ndichitsvaga zvinokonzeresa kudzikira kwedzidzo munharaunda dzine ruvara, "Munhu wose anobvuma kusiyana kwekubudirira asi hapana anoda kugadzirisa kusaenzana kunovapo."
Zvechokwadi, hurukuro nhasi ndeye schizophrenic munzira dzakawanda. Vadzidzisi, semuenzaniso, vanosarudzwa semhinduro dzekupedzisira kune uye vakonzeri vakuru vematambudziko edzidzo yenyika yedu. Duncan nevamwe vake, vashanduri vechikoro vane mukurumbira vakaita saMichelle Rhee naJoel Klein, nemameya emaguta makuru akatsigira shanduko yavo vanowanzorumbidza nekudzinga vadzidzisi mumhepo imwe chete.
Hutongi hwaObama hwakaita kuti vatore mitemo yekuzvidavirira kwevadzidzisi iyo inoongorora vadzidzisi zvichibva pabvunzo dzevadzidzi vavo sezvinodiwa kumatunhu anoda imwe mari yedzidzo yemubatanidzwa. Kuburikidza neRace to the Top, chirongwa chekuvandudza dzidzo yaVaObama, nyika dzakakumbirwa kuti dzitore zvirongwa zvemuhoro izvo zvinosungirirawo mabasa evadzidzisi nekuita kwevadzidzi vavo pabvunzo dzemhando yepamusoro. Nyika dzakakumbirwawo kuti dzisimudze zvikoro zvechata uye kusarudza zvikoro zvakakundikana kuti zvitore, pakati pezvimwe masangano, kunze kwemapoka echata.
Nyika hadzina, zvisinei, mubairo wekutora mitemo yekubatanidza iyo vaongorori vedzidzo vakawana kuti vagadzire shanduko yakadaro.
โChiri kushaikwa pamakakava aya kucherechedzwa kuti vadzidzisi nezvikoro chete handizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakubudirira kwemwana,โ akadaro Rothstein.
Mubatanidzwa wevanoda zvekuchinja kwemarudzi vari kusimudzira hurongwa hwavakadaidza kuti ihwo Bolder, Yakawedzera Nzira yeDzidzo, izvo zvinosundidzira kuti pave nerusarura rwakajeka uye rwakazara maitiro ekugadzirisa kusaenzana kwedzidzo. Zviri pachena kuti hapana kutaurwa nezvezvirongwa zvekuzvidavirira kwevadzidzisi mune matatu-mapoinzi shanduro yechirongwa ichocho. Izvi zvinodaidzira dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro yevana vese, kutanga kubva pakuzvarwa uye kuenda kukireshi. Izvo zvinodawo zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinoenderana mushure mechikoro uye zvirongwa zvezhizha zvevana, uye maitiro uye ekudzivirira hutano hwehutano hwevana.
"Vana vane mari yakaderera vane 30 muzana yekusavapo kupfuura vana vepakati nekuda kwehutano chete," Rothstein akadaro. Pfungwa ndeyekutevedzera zvitsigiro izvo vana vepakati-kirasi vanogona kuwana nguva dzose. "Kunze kwekunge taita chimwe chinhu, pachange paine chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kupesvedzera dzidzo yevana pane kunaka kwevadzidzisi vavo."
Haisi nyaya yokungoisa pokutanga zvisizvo. Uko kusaenzana kwedzidzo kune chekuita, kuongororwa kwagara kuri nyore pane kusarudza nzira yekurapa. Makore angada kusvika makumi matanhatu mushure meBrown v. Board of Education, hatisati tagadzirisa mubvunzo unokosha wekuti tingapa sei dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro kuvana vemarudzi ese.
Uye mushure memakumi emakore ekunetsana pamusoro pezvingangogadziriswa, kupatsanurwazve kwezvikoro zveAmerica chimwe chinhu icho sangano rekuvandudza dzidzo, kusanganisira hutongi hwaObama, havana kumbokanda mapfumo pasi pakutaura. Kana kubatanidza zvikoro zvehurumende yaimbova mhinduro yekuunza kuenzana mukirasi, mazuva ano, vanhu vazhinji vakaneta uye vakavhiringidzika kuti vamboedza.
Asi ikozvino kupfuura nakare kose, kuunganidza simba rekugadzirisa, musoro-on, midzi yekusaenzana kwedzidzo inyaya yekukurumidzira. Vadzidzi vemavara vane 44 muzana, uye vari kukura, veU.S. Rusaruraganda inhaka yatisati tambozununguka, hapana kumwe kudarika muzvikoro zvehurumende zvekuAmerica, uko vadzidzi vemavara vanodzidziswa muzvikoro izvo nhasi zvakaparadzana uye zvisina kuenzana.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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