Guta reMontreal rakaita musangano usina kurongeka wemakurukota makumi maviri nemashanu ekutengeserana kubva kuWorld Trade Organisation svondo rapfuura. Nepo gurukota rezvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, Pierre Pettigrew, vakapihwa nhau dzakakura dzenhau kuti vatendeutse pamusoro pehunhu hwe "globalisation", vezvenhau vakanyanya kuonawo kuti vanopikisa chirongwa cheWTO havangorerutswa, asi vakashorwa zvakanyanya nekusaratidzira. norugare. Hongu, nekusarudza kutarisa nezvekuparadza kwakasarudzika kwezvitoro zvishoma nemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro panguva yerimwe remazuva ekuratidzira, vezvenhau vakatadza kuongorora chokwadi cheasymmetric icho vazhinji vanopikisa mubatanidzwa-pasi rose (vese รขโฌลvechisimbaรขโฌ) uye. รขโฌลvasina mhirizhongaรขโฌ) vanopikisa. Zvinoita sekuti kana varatidziri vachiita โmhirizhongaโ, zvinotariswa nevezvenhau zvinobva zvakurumidza kubviswa kubva kunyaya dzinowanzo tsvakwa nevaratidziri, uye pachinzvimbo chekurumbidza chinyararire chehunhu hwekuratidzira murunyararo, izvo nanhasi. ramba usina humbowo kana uchishandiswa mukusarudzika nechinangwa chekuita shanduko yemagariro; kumunhu wese Martin Luther King Jr. naMohandas Gandhi, kwave naMalcolm X naBhagat Singh.
Zvinogona kucherechedzwa nyore nyore kuti kushushikana ne "kupokana murunyararo" kwadzika midzi senhaurwa yenguva dzose munharaunda yedu, uye zvinosuruvarisa kuti haisiriyo yekungogara yakabatikana nevezvenhau. Zvinogona kunzi kubvuma kuratidzira รขโฌลkunerunyararoรขโฌ senzira yega yekupikisa zviri pamutemo panguva imwe cheteyo tichiita chiseko cheavo vanoshandisa nzira dzine simba zvakaratidza kuva nzira inoshanda yekudzivirira kukanganisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Chokwadi, kuratidzira kwaipesana neWTO kwaidzokororwa kunzi รขโฌลkuderera kusvika mukuparadza zvinhuรขโฌ zvichitevera zviitiko zvishoma zvakaparara zvitoro zvemudhorobha nemotokari dzemhando yepamusoro. Chinetsekera, zvisinei, ndechekuti hapana kumboedza kupi zvako kusiyanisa pakati pemhirizhonga yakaitwa pazviratidzo zvehurumende (semuenzaniso kuparara kwehofisi yeCanadian Forces recruitment) nemakambani (semuenzaniso kupaza mahwindo paGap neBurger King) รข โฌโ zvinova zvinonangwa zviri pamutemo kune mumwe munhu anotenda zvine musoro kuti masangano aya anoita zvechisimba uye unzenza kuvanhu vari munjodzi - uye mhirizhonga inoitirwa vanhuwo zvavo. Nguva yese iyi, mhirizhonga yakarongeka uye yakarongeka inoitwa nenyika nemakambani kune vanhu vakafanana vanotambura inoenderera mberi isina kupokana uye isina kupikiswa. Pasina kupokana, mhirizhonga iyi yakakura muhukuru uye dhigirii kana ichienzaniswa nehwindo rakaputsika rakaputsika kana spray-painted graffiti, uye inoturikira zvakanyanya mukudzikisirwa kusinga konzereki uye kurasikirwa kwehupenyu husingaverengeki mose muno nekune dzimwe nyika (kunyangwe kutuka uku kuhupenyu kwakakura. muhukuru uye dhigirii kunze kwenyika kupfuura zvavari pano). Tichifunga chokwadi ichi, munhu anogona kuona kuti varatidziri varatidza zvinokatyamadza (zvichipa kuratidzwa kwavo kwese kwese รขโฌลvane mhirizhongaรขโฌ munhau) vakaratidza kuzvidzora kukuru kusvika pari zvino pakurega kurwisa zviratidzo zvemakaro uye simba risingadzorwi nesimba guru.
Kana varatidziri vaibatanidzwa mukunongedza vanhuwo zvavo kana dzimba, maitiro avo anogona kuzvidzwa zviri pamutemo. Zvisinei, munyika umo simba rinongonzwisisa mutauro wechisimba, zvine musoro uye zvakakodzera kune avo vanopikisa nzira dzakadzika midzi dzekutonga uye kutonga pamusoro pevanhu vanotambura kuti vashandise mamwe maitiro ehasha kuti vanzwike. Chete kana zvitoro zveGap (kureva zvemakambani, kwete zvemunhu, zvivakwa) zvakanangidzirwa muno munyika dzekuMadokero ndipo panozofunga kaviri manejimendi eGap pamusoro pekuchengetedza hurongwa hwehudzvinyiriri hunova nechokwadi chekutsamira uye kuzviisa pasi kwevashandi mumashopu avo munyika dzine urombo. Saizvozvo, kana cheni hofori dzechikafu seBurger King neMcDonald's dzakanangwa pano, pane meseji inonzwisisika iri kutumirwa kune avo vanogadzira mitemo ichivazivisa kuti vazhinji vanomira mukupokana nekuwedzera kwavo kwekuwedzera kwehegemonic munyika yose. globe. Pasina kupokana, kuratidzwa kwakasimba kwekupokana pamisangano yeWTO muSeattle muna 1999 kwakamanikidza vezvematongerwo enyika vekuMadokero kuti vamuke kubva pakupokana negwara riripo remitemo yekutengeserana sezvakaratidzwa nevagari vemunyika yavo (zvechokwadi, vanhu vanotambura nezvinotemerwa. yekolonialism, imperialism, uye ikozvino, neo-liberalism, vagara vachiramba mitemo yakadai nekuda kwekudikanwa). Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine basa rekuita mishandirapamwe yekuramwa mabasa uye nzira dzine runyararo dzekuratidzira kuratidza kusagutsikana nemasangano akadai, mamaneja epamusoro munharaunda ino havazoda kugadzirisa zvinotinetsa kana pasina kutyisidzira kwavo kuri pachena. mabasa ezuva nezuva. Kukurudzira kuri pachena kweanopokana necapitalist kuri kufambisa bato revanhu rinopikisa kudyidzana kwepasi rose kunotungamirwa nemakambani kunoraira kuti masangano ari kuparadzira uye kuita purofiti kubva kumabhizinesi echi capitalist arambwe nechisimba, kana paine chido chechokwadi chekupidigura hurongwa husina kuenzana hwakadaro hwehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika. uye hukama hwevanhu.
Vacherechedzi vanofanirawo kucherechedza kusungirirwa kaviri uko varatidziri vanogaroiswa. Semuyenzaniso, mushure mekunge mapurisa eMontreal asunga varatidziri vachipomerwa mhosva yekuita zvemhirizhonga pakuratidzira kweWTO nguva pfupi yadarika, varatidziri vaive nerunyararo vakamisa รขโฌลGreen Zoneรขโฌmabhuroko akawanda. Izvi zvakaramba zvichireva kutora chikamu mukuratidzira kusiri pamutemo maererano nemapurisa akasunga vanhu vese muGreen Zone (zvichiunza huwandu hwevaratidziri vakasungwa pakuratidzira kweWTO kusvika pa240), kunyangwe kuungana kwanga kuri panzvimbo yega nemvumo. yevaridzi venzvimbo iyoyo. Vamwe vevaratidziri vakasungwa vakazoregedzwa vasina mhosva yavapomerwa mushure mekupedza husiku hwese vari mutirongo. Zvakadaro, mutsamba pfupi yadarika nemumwe wevaratidziri akasungwa, zvakaonekwa kuti vasungwa vazhinji vaive nemhosva dzakaita se "unlawful assembly" yavakatemerwa, uye vaifanirwawo kubvumirana nemamiriro ezvinhu anovaganhurira rusununguko rwekutaura. kodzero yekuungana vasati vasunungurwa. Meseji yakatumirwa nevakuru yaive pachena: chimiro chekuratidzira hachina basa, ingori nyaya yekuratidzira inoonekwa seyakagumbura. Nekushungurudzwa kwesimba remapurisa kwakadai uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu dzerusununguko nekusununguka kutaura, hazvina kunaka kutarisa mhirizhonga yevaratidziri chete.
Gurukota rezvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika, VaPierre Pettigrew, vakashandisa mukana uyu kuunganidza vachipokana nemisangano yeWTO muMontreal sedanho rekuti vatarise pamusoro pezvakanakira kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Mukupesana zvakanyanya nezvaakataura, zvakadaro, kune akawanda masosi anodonongodza maitiro nemhedzisiro inoratidza sei uye nei neo-liberal kutengeserana ajenda inokuvadza kune vanotambura uye vanoregeredzwa vanoumba ruzhinji rwevanhu pasi rose. Semuyenzaniso, kubva pamaonero ehutano, Jim Yong Kim, Joyce Millen, Alec Irwin nevamwe vazhinji vari musangano rePartners in Health paHarvard University muBoston, Massachusetts, vakaita basa rinovheneka pamusoro pezvinokuvadza zvemitemo yekutengeserana yakadaro pa utano hwevarombo. Muna รขโฌลKufira Kukura: Kusaenzana Kwepasi Pose uye Utano Hwevaromboรขโฌ1, vanotaura chokwadi chisingafadzi uye nhamba dzinopa humbowo hunopesana nedzidziso isina hwaro yekuti kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika kunovandudza mugove wevose vanobatanidzwa; mukupesana, nepo kuchibvumira kuti vashomanene vakasarudzwa kuti vabudirire, kunoita kudaro nokurasikirwa navazhinji zvikuru.
Zvichakadaro, VaPettigrew vanosvika pakuranga varatidziri nemashoko maviri angaita kuti Orwell apinduke muguva rake nekutaura kuti รขโฌลkusindimara kwekupikisa kudyidzana kwepasi rose nevamwe varatidziri kuri kukanganisa varombo vari munyika dzichiri kusimukiraรขโฌ2. Zvaakataura zvisina musoro zvekuti varatidziri vari kuedza รขโฌลkupopotera varimi vedonje vemuAfrica pamwe nevari kubatwa neHIV vemuAfricaรขโฌ muenzaniso wakajeka wezvinonzi รขโฌลfungidziroรขโฌ, apo munhu anoita chibvumirano. nekunetsana kwepfungwa kana kushushikana kwemukati kana kwekunze nekutaura zvenhema kune mumwe manzwiro ake asingagamuchirwi, mafungiro, kana pfungwa. Havasi varatidziri vari kutadzisa vanhu vane utachiona hweHIV kuwana mahara mishonga yakakosha yekudzivirira utachiona hweHIV kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika sechibvumirano cheTrade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), uye havasi varatidziri vakamanikidza varimi vedonje vemuAfrica. mukurima zvirimwa zvemari; izvi zvigadzirwa zveneo-liberal trade agenda inovimbisa kutsamira รขโฌโ kwete budiriro รขโฌโ yevanhu vese vanogara munyika dzine urombo maererano nezvido zvevarume vakapfuma vane masimba. Semunhu aipikisa zvakasimba chirongwa ichi cheneo-liberal kutengeserana, handitsvaki kuisa upenyu hweavo vari kumanikidzwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa mumashopu eGap kana muminda yedonje muAfrica sezvinotaurwa naVaPettigrew; zvisinei, ndinoda kuchengetedza avo vanofambisa uye vanowana purofiti kubva mukubiridzira uku uye kutonga. Mafungiro akashata anotsigirwa nevanhu vakaita saVaPettigrew haambogoni kugadziridzwa sezvavanotemerwa pamusoro pekuvapo kwekusingaperi kwekusiyana kwehupfumi; kunongova kuderedzwa kudiki kwekusiyana uku kunotsvagwa nevarume vakadai. Ichi ndicho chokwadi che capitalist mode yehupfumi. Nhaurirano dziri paWTO dzinotarisa maitiro ekuita kuti hupenyu hwevarombo huve nani, nepo zvibodzwa zvevazhinji mubato rekuratidzira chiri kudiwa kwakasimba kuti vanhu vasaitwe varombo pakutanga.
Chinangwa chekunyora uku hachisi chekusimudzira pfungwa ye carte blanche yezviito zvechisimba mukuratidzira kwese; chokwadi, kushanda kwezviito zvakadaro kunogona chete kuyerwa kwenguva yakareba panguva imwe chete ichiongororwa maererano nekubudirira uye kukundikana kwevasina mhirizhonga vanopikisa mumakore, uye zvakakodzera kuongororwa pazvakakodzera3. Chii chinoshanda sechinhu chakakosha chinokurudzira chikamu ichi, zvisinei, ipfungwa yekuti รขโฌลmhirizhongaรขโฌ รขโฌโ painoshandiswa nevaratidziri pamwe chete nemamwe maitiro echiito chakananga (kusanganisira asiri echisimba uye pacifist) รขโฌโ anofanira. kusaonekwa se prima facie wrong. Nekusarudza kuita hunyanzvi huchaita kuti varatidziri ava vapinde mudambudziko nehurongwa hwemutemo hweCanada, vari kuita sarudzo ine hungwaru inofambirana nekutenda kwavo kunorumbidzwa kuitira nyika iri nani uye ine hutongo. Sarudzo iyi inowanzoitwa zvisinei nekuti vazhinji vevaratidziri ava vanotozviwana vari mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kusimba emutemo uye emari. Aya haasi maitiro echimbi-chimbi ayo vezvematongerwo enyika nevezvenhau vemazuva ano vangada kuti isu titende kuburikidza nekuita sensationalist mabhayiti enzwi uye mavhidhiyo. Naizvozvo, pachinzvimbo chekunyomba varatidziri ava sevanonyanya kushingairira vasinganzwisisi mashandiro anoita hupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, zvinofanirwa nzanga kuti iongorore zvakagadziridzwa zvinokurudzira zvevaratidziri vakadaro uye nekunyatso pupurira kune zvinovanetsa nezvavanoda.
Mashoko Okupedzisira:
1. Kim, Jim Yong, et al (eds.). Kufira Kukura: Kusaenzana kwepasi rose uye hutano hwevarombo. Common Courage Press:Monroe, 2000, p. 3-61.
2. รขโฌลPettigrew chides anti-globalisation protestorsรขโฌ, Canadian Press, The Globe and Mail, edition yepamhepo, Chikunguru 25, 2003.
3. Imwe inonangidzirwa kuWard Churchill's Pacifism as Pathology: Fungidziro pamusoro pebasa rehondo yezvombo muNorth America (Arbeiter Ring Publishing, 1998) yekuongorora kwakakosha kwedingindira iri.
Samir Hussain munyori akazvimiririra uye mumiriri wezvemagariro evanhu. Akadzidziswa sachiremba wezvekurapa, uye parizvino akanyoresa muchirongwa chekudzidzisa vana kugara. Anogona kusvikwa [email inodzivirirwa]
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