Mangwanani mamwe mangwanani December apfuura, Glenn Greenwald akavhura laptop yake, akaongorora e-mail yake, uye akaita chisarudzo chakapotsa chamutorera nhoroondo youpenyu hwake. Mutori wenhau uye blogger ane vateveri vakakura uye vakazvipira, Greenwald inogamuchira mazana emae-mail zuva rega rega, mazhinji kubva kuvaverengi vanozviti vane "zvinhu zvikuru." Dzimwe nguva zvirevo izvi zvinova zvinovimbika; nguva zhinji vanenge vari cranks. Kune mamwe anoita seanovimbisa asi anodawo kuongororwa kwakadzama. Izvi zvinotora nguva, uye Greenwald, uyo anotanga mangwanani oga oga akazara nemashoko, anenge asina. "My inbox is the enemy," akandiudza nguva pfupi yadarika.
Vasungwa Vatsva Vezvematongerwo enyika: Vanoburitsa, MaHackers uye Varatidziri
Saka zvakaitika musi waZvita 1, 2012, Greenwald yakagamuchira tsamba kubva kumunhu aikumbira kuvharirwa kwake neruzhinji, kana kuti PGP, kiyi kuitira kuti amutumire e-mail akachengeteka. Greenwald akange asina imwe, yaave kubvuma kuti yakanga isina pembedzo nekuti akanyora zuva nezuva nezvenyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, uye angangove anga ari muradar yehurumende kwenguva yakati achitsigira Bradley Manning neWikiLeaks. "Ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti PGP chii," anobvuma kudaro. "Ndanga ndisingazive kuti ndoiisa sei kana kuti ndoishandisa sei." Zvaiita sezvichidya nguva uye zvakaoma, uye Greenwald, aishanda pabhuku pamusoro pekuti vezvenhau vanodzora sei nhaurwa yezvematongerwo enyika, achinyorawo chikamu chake. The Guardian, aiva nezvinhu zvakawanda zvokuita.
"Zvainzwa kusazivikanwa kwandiri," Greenwald anodaro. "Kwaiva uku kusinganzwisisiki 'Ini nevamwe tine zvinhu zvaungafarira. . . .' Haana kumbonditumira mwenje weneon - zvaive zvisinganzwisisike kupfuura izvozvo. "
Saka haana kuita hanya netsamba yacho. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, kwakabva kwakatumira Greenwald nhanho-ne-nhanho dzidziso ye encryption. Akabva amutumira vhidhiyo Greenwald inotsanangura se "Encryption for Journalists," iyo "yakandifambisa mukuita senge ndaiva benzi rakakwana."
Uye zvakadaro, Greenwald haisati yanetsa kudzidza chengetedzo protocol. โPaairamba achindituma, ndipo pazvaiwedzera kuoma,โ anodaro. "Ndiri kureva, ikozvino ndaifanira kuona vhidhiyo yakaipa. . . ?" Greenwald akanga asati aziva kuti kwaibva ani, kana zvaaida kutaura. "Yaive iyi Catch-22: Kunze kwekunge andiudza chimwe chinhu chinokurudzira, handisi kuzosiya zvandiri kuita, uye kubva kudivi rake, kunze kwekunge ndadonhedza zvandiri kuita ndotora PGP, haakwanise kutaura. ini chero chinhu."
Kutamba kwakaenderera mberi kwemwedzi. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekuedza uye kukundikana kutora pfungwa yaGreenwald, tsime rakarega.
Greenwald akadzokera kubhuku rake nekoramu yake, kudhinda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kurwiswa kunotyisa kweGuantรกnamo yehutongi hwaObama uye marongero. Zvinotora kusvika muna Chivabvu, mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekunge mutorwa asingazivikanwe asvika, Greenwald asati anzwa kubva kwaari zvakare, kuburikidza neshamwari, munyori wezvinyorwa Laura Poitras, uyo akasangana nesosi, achikurudzira kuti iye naGreenwald vaumbe mubatanidzwa. Muna Chikumi, vatatu ava vaizosangana chiso nechiso, mukamuri yehotera yeHong Kong, umo Edward Snowden, asinganzwisisike sosi, aizopa zviuru zvakawanda zvemagwaro epachivande-chepamusoro-soro: imba yaamai yakaburitsa mavakirwo enyika-chengetedzo yenyika. . Yakanga iri "kukanganisa kwakanyanya kweruzivo rwakasarudzika munhoroondo yenharaunda yehungwaru yeUS," sekureva kwaaimbova mutevedzeri wemukuru weCIA, Michael Morell, achifumura kuita kunge kusingagumi kusvika kweNational Security Agency, uye kumutsa gakava repasi rose pamusoro pekushandiswa kwekuongorora. - zvekurwisa hugandanga - maringe nekodzero yemunhu yekuvanzika. Uye kuburitsa kwayo kwaivewo kukunda kweGreenwald yakasarudzika mhando yehutori venhau.
Greenwald aimbove mutongi wedare ane kudzivirira kwake mesiya rusununguko kwakamuita gamba rekuruboshwe-ribertarian denderedzwa, kunyangwe akabvisa vanhu vepamusoro mune zvematongerwo enyika. Ane mukurumbira wekurwa, "anoraramira kutsamwisa vanhu," sekutaura kunoita mumwe waanoshanda naye. Uye mumakore masere apfuura akaita basa rakanakisa: kutora Mutungamiriri Bush naObama, Congress, Democratic Party, Tea Party, maRepublicans, "yakasununguka kuumbwa" uye, kunyanya, nhepfenyuro, yaanopomera - kazhinji patinenge tichibvunzurudzwa nevatapi venhau vakanyanya, vane rusununguko-vakasununguka - yekugadzirira kutonga. "Ndinoshuva ruvengo rwevanhu ivavo," Greenwald anodaro nezve nharaunda diki, ine makunakuna eBeltway pundits, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nyanzvi dzematangiro uye vamwe vagadziri vepfungwa vaanovavarira nguva dzose. "Kana usiri kutsamwisa kuita kwakadai muvanhu, hausi kutsamwisa kana kupikisa chero munhu, zvinoreva kuti hauna maturo."
Maonero aya akaita kuti Greenwald atsigirwe zvikuru, kunyanya pakati pevaverengi vechidiki, vane pfungwa dzakanaka vane nzara yezwi risingachinjiki. "Kune vanyori vashoma kunze uko vanoda chaizvo kutaura chokwadi chisingafadzi," Snowden, aive mumwe wevaverengi venguva refu yaGreenwald, anondiudza mune e-mail. "Glenn anotaura chokwadi zvisinei nemutengo, uye zvine basa."
Zvakafanana, hongu, zvinogona kutaurwa nezvaSnowden, uyo, kubva panguva yaakazviratidza sekwakabva kudonha, akavhiringidza vatsoropodzi vepamusoro vakaedza kumunzwisisa. "Vakatanga havana kuumba United States kuitira kuti mumwe munhu ane makore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe ekuberekwa aite zvisarudzo zvisina tsarukano pamusoro pezvinofanira kufumurwa," akanyora kudaro. New York Times munyori wepepanhau David Brooks, uyo akasimudza Snowden semumwe we "chikamu chinoramba chichikura chevarume vechidiki vane makore ekuma20 avo vari kurarama hupenyu hwetekinoroji munyika isina kujeka pakati pezvikoro zvehudiki uye zvisungo zvemhuri zvevakuru."
Kune vanofarira veBrooks, Snowden chaive chakavanzika chinokatyamadza; Glenn Greenwald, zvisinei, akamuwana pakarepo. "Akanga asina simba, asina rukudzo, akakurira mumhuri yepakati-yepakati, isina kujeka, yakajairika," Greenwald anodaro. "Akanga asina kana diploma rechikoro chesekondari. Asi akanga achizoshandura nyika - uye ndaiziva izvozvo." Uye, Greenwald akatendawo, saka aizodaro. โNenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, hupenyu hwangu hwese hwanga huri kugadzirira nguva ino,โ anodaro.
Kune murume anogara pakati pebhuku raJohn le Carrรฉ, Greenwald ane hupenyu hwakanaka. Kubva kuBrazil kubvira 2005, anogara anenge maminetsi gumi kubva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa mumakomo ari pamusoro peRio de Janeiro, mune imwe imba ine mhepo, ine makamuri mana emapuranga-ne-girazi imba inodzokera musango. Kune tsoko, shiri uye diki mapopoma emvura, uye nekushomeka kwayo, nzvimbo iyi inonzwa seimba yemuti. Iyo zvakare inonhuwa zvakasiyana-siyana yembwa - iyo kune gumi, yakanunurwa naGreenwald nemumwe wake, David Miranda, uyo Greenwald anodana "muzeveri wembwa" nekuda kwekuraira kwake kwaCesar Millan pamusoro pepakiti. Imbwa, idzo dzinotora nzvimbo yese yaungafungidzira iripo, dzinopa mamiriro anogara aripo kumhuri yevaviri, achitevera Greenwald naMiranda kubva mune imwe imba nekamuri uye, nguva nenguva, vachipaza mumakwati emufaro pasina chikonzero chaicho (kunze chokwadi chokuti vanogara muparadhiso).
Kusiyana nehunhu hwake hwekunetsana naye, Greenwald anotapira mumunhu, achikumbira ruregerero nekuda kwemota yake, yakamborova, inonhuwa imbwa, Kia tsvuku ine hembe dzetenisi dzakakandwa kumashure, uye Pink CD kesi padashboard iyo Greenwald, 46, anokurumidza kutsanangura ndezvaMiranda, ane makore makumi maviri nemasere. "Ndichiri kuteerera kuzvinhu zvose zvandaifarira kuchikoro chesekondari - Elton John, Queen," anodaro, achizununguka, uye pakarepo anoshamisika kana zvinoshamisa kuti "mimhanzi inongova." haana kumbotaura neni zvakanyanya."
Zvematongerwo enyika, kune rumwe rutivi, zvakamudzora zvikuru kubvira achiri muduku. Pakutanga kubva kuQueens, mhuri yake yakagara muSouth Florida, mune bland, cookie-cutter enclave yeLauderdale Lakes, yakazogarwa zvakanyanya nemadzinza, mhuri dzevashandi uye vakapfuma vechiJudha vakasiya basa. Mukuru pavaviri, Greenwald akarererwa muimba diki iri kudivi redhorobha, uko amai vake, "mukadzi wemba ma1960-1970s akaroora achiri mudiki uye asina kumbobvira aenda kukoreji," sezvaanotaura, vakaguma vamutsigira. vanakomana nekushanda secashier paMcDonald's, pakati pemamwe mabasa.
Muenzaniso waGreenwald wehudiki aive sekuru vake vababa vake, Louis "LL" Greenwald, kanzura weguta reko, uye "mhando yerudzi urwu rwema1930 rwechiJudha rwesocialist," avo vakarwira varombo vachipokana ne "mabhosi econdo" anopenga aitonga guta. . Muchikoro chesekondari, Greenwald akamhanyisa mushandirapamwe wekuda chigaro chekanzuru yeguta, chaakarasikirwa nacho, asi kwete asati awana "kukunda kwehunhu" nekungodenha vapikisi vake vakasimba. "Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chandakadzidziswa nasekuru vangu ndechekuti nzira yakanakisa yekushandisa hunyanzvi hwako, njere uye simba ndeyekudzivirira vanodzikisirwa kune avo vane simba guru - uye kuti ruvengo rwunobva kune avo vane simba ibheji rerukudzo. "
Iri raive zano rinobatsira kune ngochani yaikura mukutanga 1980s, panguva yekuuya kweAIDS, apo "kuva ngochani kwaifungwa, zvechokwadi, sechirwere, uye saka waingonzwa kutongerwa uku uye kuparadzaniswa uye kushorwa."
Zvechokwadi, vose vechidiki vechidiki vanobata nehupombwe hwavo nenzira dzakasiyana. "Chimwe ndechekuisa mutongo mukati uye uchiti, 'O, Mwari wangu, ndiri munhu anotyisa, anorwara, akaremara' - ndosaka pwere zhinji dzengochani dzichizviuraya," anodaro Greenwald. Imwe, anodaro, ndeyekupukunyuka mutongo zvachose nekugadzira imwe nyika - "uko ndiko kunobva kuwanda kwehunyanzvi hwengochani nekuti nyika ino haikude iwe." Greenwald akasarudza nzira yechitatu. โNdakasarudza kurwisa hurongwa uhu nevakuru vesangano avo vakaedza kundiramba nekundishora,โ anodaro. "Zvakanga zvakaita sokuti, 'Endai munozvirova imi. Pane kuti munditonge, ndichakutongai, nokuti handigamuchiri chokwadi chokuti imi munotokwanisa kunditonga.'
Izvi zvakatanga kurwisana kwehupenyu hwose nemasimba ane masimba, kutanga nevadzidzisi vake, vaakaita navo muhondo huru pamusoro pe "mitemo isina kururama," sezvinotaurwa naGreenwald. โGlenn akanga ari uyu mwana akachenjera zvikuru, anonyangadza zvikuru, anozvibata, uye kuchitsamira pakunzwa kwako kwokuseka, waimuda kana kuti kumuvenga,โ inoyeuka kudaro shamwari yake Norman Fleisher. "Anogona kunge ari mwana akangwara pachikoro, asi chishamiso chaakapedza."
Greenwald's contrarian nature yakamuita nyeredzi pachikwata chegakava, kwaakamhanya achitenderedza vadzivisi vake ndokuva shasha yenyika. Akanyoresa paGeorge Washington University muna 1985, uye akapedza nguva yakawanda achikakavadzana zvekuti zvakamutorera makore mashanu kuti apedze kudzidza. Mushure mekuwana chikamu chiri pedyo-chakakwana paLSATs yake, akanyoresa paNYU School of Law, apo, semushonga wengochani, akasarudza "kuedza chokwadi" chezita rakasununguka reNYU nekutungamira chakazova mushandirapamwe wakabudirira wekurambidza Colorado. mafemu kubva pakupinza vanhu basa pakambasi mushure mekunge vavhoti vehurumende vapasisa gadziridzo yekupidigura mitemo iripo yekurwisa rusarura.
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, akagamuchira basa mudhipatimendi rematare eWachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, rainzi "America's most grueling law firm," iyo yaimiririra blue-chip clients seBank of America, JPMorgan uye AT&T. Mugore rake rekutanga, Greenwald akaita mari inopfuura 200,000 - mari yakawanda kupfuura yaakamboona muhupenyu hwake. Asi akawana nyika yemutemo wekambani "yakagomara uye inopedza mweya," anodaro. "Ini ndaisakwanisa kubudirira kana kushanda munzvimbo inotonga seizvi. Pane kupesana kukuru pakati pevanhu vanokura nekuparadzaniswa, izvo, kwandiri, zvaive zvakakosha, uye vanhu vanokura vaine ropafadzo yakakwana zvokuti inobereka kugutsikana uye kushaya. chekuda kubvunza kana kupikisa kana kuita chero chinhu chakakosha. Ndidzo mhando dzevanhu vanova vadyidzani kumafemu ezvemitemo emakambani."
Mukutanga kwa1996, Greenwald ane makore makumi maviri nemasere, achifunga kuti angangopidigura vane simba pane kudzivirira zvido zvavo mudare, akasiya Wachtell Lipton ndokuvhura tsika yake. Akaramba asingatarisirwe nemafemu makuru, akasvika pakubudirira kana mushure menyaya - kazhinji mushure mekunyengedza vanopikisa nemaitiro uye mazana emapeji ezvinyorwa - uye akasimbirira kuti vashandi vake vapfeke masutu, kunyangwe vakagara vakatenderedza hofisi, kumanikidza rudzi chirango chekambani pamuitiro wakanangana nemutemo webumbiro uye nyaya dzerusununguko rwevanhu. Akapedza makore mashanu achidzivirira kodzero dzeFirst Amendment dzeNeo-Nazis. Chakanga chiri chimwe chezvaakakunda Greenwald segweta. "Kwandiri, hunhu hwehugamba kuzvipira kunheyo zvekuti unoishandisa kwete kana zviri nyore," anodaro, "kwete kana inotsigira chinzvimbo chako, kwete kana ichidzivirira vanhu vaunoda, asi kana ichidzivirira uye ichidzivirira. vanhu vaunovenga."
Asi mutemo, kunyangwe mune zvawo wakachena, wakasiyana-siyana wakanangana nerusununguko, chaive chinhu chinoodza moyo, chizere ne "mitemo isina kururama" uye kunyange mishoma yehungwaru mhedzisiro. Zvimwe zvinonakidza, kunyanya mushure me9/11, dzaive hurukuro dzekuenzanisa dzaiitika online. Greenwald akawana nyika ino pakati pemakore ekuma1990 apo, akafinhwa pabasa, akatanga kufamba nerwendo rweCompuServe meseji mabhodhi, kusanganisira Town Hall, foramu inochengetedza yakagadzirwa neHeritage Foundation uye National Review. Pakarepo anyengerwa nemukana wekukakavadzana vevatsigiri vehupenyu nevamwe vanochengetedza magariro, Greenwald akabva atanga kupedza maawa akawanda achikakavadzana nevanhu vaasingazivi. Akatozoshamisika atoshamwaridzana nemunhu mumwe chete kana vaviri. Akaziva kuti Indaneti ndiyo chete nzvimbo isingashandiswi mitemo. "Ndinotenda mukupesana kwemazano," anodaro, "uye dzangu dzaive dzichipikiswa zvine mutsindo."
Aya makakatanwa emahara aiitika munyika chaiyo panguva imwechete yavainyangarika kubva muhurukuro huru, yakanyura, sekutaura kunoita Greenwald, mumhepo ye "nyika uye jingoism" yakatevera 9/11. Greenwald akatanga kuona kuti zvinhu zvakachinja sei mutsika yezvematongerwo enyika mushure mekusungwa kweAl Qaeda "tsvina bhomba" Josรฉ Padilla. "Pfungwa yekuti mugari wemuAmerica anogona kusungwa pasi pevhu reUS, obva asungwa kwemakore, asina kupomerwa mhosva, uye kunonoka kuwana gweta, izvo zvaigara zvichiita semutsara usingagoni kuyambuka," anodaro Greenwald. "Zvaipfuura nyaya yekuti zvanga zvichiitwa - yaive nyaya yekuti hapana aizvibvunza. Yakanga iri 'Chii chiri kuitika muUnited States?' nguva kwandiri."
Muchando cha2005, Greenwald, achida kusiya basa remutemo, akaenda kuBrazil. Pazuva rake rechipiri rezororo rakarongwa remavhiki manomwe muRio, akasangana naMiranda, musikana akanaka ane makore 19 okukura wekuBrazil aitamba volleyball yemahombekombe pedyo netauro raGreenwald. Vaviri ava havana kuparadzaniswa kubva ipapo. "Paunouya kuRio sengochani, chinhu chekupedzisira chauri kutsvaga hukama hwemurume mumwe chete," Greenwald anodaro. "Asi, iwe unoziva, haugone kudzora rudo."
Mukati megore, Greenwald akanga asarudza kutamira kuBrazil, uko, asingakwanisi kudzidzira mutemo, akaedza ruoko rwake mukubloga kwezvematongerwe enyika. Svondo rekutanga raGreenwald semublogi, muna Gumiguru 2005, rakapindirana nekupomerwa kwaScooter Libby muValerie Plame leak case. Greenwald akanyora chinyorwa chakareba achinyatso gadzira gakava rinopokana nekupomedzerwa kwaLibby kubva pamutemo, izvo. The New Republic yakabatana, ichityaira zviuru zvevaverengi kunzvimbo yake, Unclaimed Territory. Nenguva isipi Greenwald akatendeudzira pfungwa dzake kune zvakazarurwa zvinoputika zvekuti NSA yakanga ichisora โโvanhu vekuAmerica pasi pechakavanzika, "warrantless wiretapping" chirongwa chakabvumidzwa neBush administration.
Chirongwa ichi chakaburitswa muchinyorwa chaDecember 16, 2005 The New York Times yakanyorwa nevatori venhau vanoongorora James Risen naEric Lichtblau. Asi iyo Times, pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuBush manejimendi uye kubva kuna Bush pachake, akange agara pachigamba kwerinopfuura gore. Bepa racho rakazoburitsa nyaya iyi mwedzi gumi nemitatu mushure mekutaura, uye gore mushure mekunge Bush asarudzwa zvakare. "Zvainyadzisa sechinhu chero chipi zvacho Times vakamboita maererano nekutengesa zvavanofanira kuva sesangano revatapi venhau," Greenwald anoti. "Pashure paizvozvo, ndakafunga kuti ndaifanira kugadzirisa kuti chii chainyatsova chokwadi, uye chisiri."
Umwewo munhu aishungurudzika Times' mabatirwo enyaya isina-waya-waya - uye huwandu hwevamwe hwakavakirwa pakuburitswa kwakaiswa - aive Edward Snowden, murume wechidiki aifarira nyika airota nezvehupenyu hwekune dzimwe nyika. "Vanhu ivavo vanofanirwa kupfurwa mumabhora," Snowden, uyo aive ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu ekuberekwa nyanzvi yemukombuta, akatumira kuforamu yepamhepo muna 25, achishoropodza zvese zvisingazivikanwe zvinyorwa zvakaburitsa uye zvinyorwa zvakadhinda ruzivo. "Vari kutaura shit yakashongedzwa," akadaro. "Iwe usaisa tsvina iyoyo mupepanhau. ... Iyo shit is classified for a reason."
Snowden akakurira mumumvuri wesangano rakakura kwazvo rekuunganidza huchenjeri pasi rose - National Security Agency - munharaunda yeAnne Arundel County yeCrofton, Maryland. Nharaunda yakasimba yepakati, yakarongwa ye27,000 iyo Mari yakatora seimwe ye "100 Nzvimbo Dzakanakisisa dzekugara," Crofton, semataundi akaipoteredza, akadyisa vashandi vezvidziviriro nevehungwaru makondirakiti munzvimbo iyi. NSA, iyo inoshandisa makumi ezviuru zvevanhu munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji neakazvimirira, yaingori mamaira gumi nemashanu kubva, kuFort Meade, ine chikoro chesekondari chine "chirongwa chekuchengetedza nyika" kufambisa vana muindasitiri iyi.
Anenge munhu wose aishandira hurumende kana kuti muโteknolojia yemakombiyuta,โ anoyeuka kudaro Joshua Stewart, ane makore 30, akatamira kuCrofton muna 1999. โHauna kumboziva chaizvoizvo izvo vanhu vakuru vakawanda vaiitira mari,โ anodaro. Paive nedzimba dzine tambo dzenhare dzakachengetedzeka - "mafoni echireverero," saStewart, zvino mutori wenhau Orange County Register,vakavadaidza. Vamwe vaitove neSensitive Compartmented Information Facilities dzavo mudzimba dzavo.
Mwanakomana wevashandi vehurumende - baba vake, Lon, vakashanda muCoast Guard, uye amai vake, Wendy, mabharani muUS District Court muBaltimore - Snowden aive mukomana mutete, akanyarara anoratidzika kunge asina kuita zvakawanda. maka pane vaaichimbova vaaidzidza navo kana kuti vadzidzisi. IInternet, iye aizoudza Greenwald, yakanga iri zvisikwa zvake. Aigara achitumira kuArs Technica, iyo tekinoroji nhau uye tsika saiti, apo, pasi pezita rezita TheTrueHOOHA, akataura nezvemitambo yemavhidhiyo uye akabvunza ma geek ane ruzivo kuti abatsirwe kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekombuta. "Ndinoda chaizvo kuziva 'sei' web server chaiyo inoshanda," akatumira, pa 18. Akafungisisawo mamwe ehuzivi huri pasi pehupenyu. "Rusununguko harisi izwi rinogona kutsanangurwa zvakasununguka," akanyora kudaro. โChirevo chinoti, โRarama wakasununguka kana kuti kufa,โ ndinodavira kudaro. Ikoko kunoratidzika kuva kunoparira kutsamira kune ganhuriro parusununguko sechinodikanwa nokuda kwomufaro.โ
Kunyangwe aipenya neakaundi yega yega, Snowden anga ari mudzidzi asina hanya akasiya chikoro chesekondari mugiredhi rechigumi. Mushure maizvozvi, akapinda nekubuda mukoreji yenharaunda, asi haana kumbowana dhigirii repamutemo. Paakanga ava kuda kuyaruka, akapedza mazuva ake achisevha Indaneti, achidzidzira kung fu uye kutamba Tekken, achitenderera achiedza kufunga zvokuita. "Ndagara ndichishuvira kukwanisa 'kuzviita' muJapan," akadaro mune imwe chat ya10. "Pakavewo nezvidzidzo zviviri zvinoratidza kubva kune vanokwanisa, blondes vanobhadharwa kakawanda. . . Ndingada cushy .gov basa ikoko."
Asi nzira yekubudirira yaiita senge isina kujeka. Pamakore makumi maviri, sezvaakanyora mune imwe nzvimbo, akanga "asina dhigirii kana mvumo" munzvimbo inotungamirirwa neNSA uye mashizha ayo ega. Verenga izvozvo se'usina basa.'
SaBradley Manning, ane nyaya yaaizodzidza, Snowden aive nemaonero akasarudzika eUnited States nebasa rayo munyika. Aivewo neruzivo rwemutambi wekugona kwake kukunda zvisingaite - akazoudza Greenwald kuti maitiro ake aive akaumbwa nemitambo yemavhidhiyo yaaitamba achiri mudiki, umo munhu wese anorwa nemasimba makuru uye anoita seasingapindike. nokusarurama, uye anokurira. Kutevera iyo ethos, uye yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya na9/11, Snowden akanyoresa muUto muna 2004, achitarisira kujoina Special Forces uye kurwa muIraq. โNdaitenda mukunaka kwezvataiita,โ akadaro. "Ndaitenda mukunaka kwezvinangwa zvedu zvekusunungura vanhu vakadzvinyirirwa mhiri kwemakungwa." Asi akakurumidza kurambwa nepfungwa iyi - "Vazhinji vevanhu vanotidzidzisa vaiita sevane shungu dzekuda kuuraya maArabu, vasingabatsire chero munhu," akadaro - uye mwedzi yakawanda achipinda kosi yake yeSpecial Forces kuFort Benning, Snowden akazoti, akatyora zvese. makumbo ake uye akasunungurwa.
Kudzokera kuMaryland, Snowden akawana basa rekuchengetedza paUniversity yeMaryland's Center for Advanced Study of Language, nzvimbo inotsigirwa neDhipatimendi reDziviriro yaaizotsanangura se "chivande," kunyangwe The Washington Post yakataura, "webhusaiti yayo inosanganisira mafambiro ekutyaira." Akanyoresa zvakare kuAnne Arundel Community College uye akapisa hunyanzvi hwake hwekombuta. Zvadaro, muna 2006, akawana basa rekugadzira makombiyuta neCIA.
Iyo CIA, ine mweya wayo wekodzero uye chakavanzika, ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa masangano ehurumende yeUS. Asi kunaka kweiyo IT chikamu, kunyangwe wanga uri kupi, sekutaura kwaSnowden, kwaive kuenzana kwayo. "Hapana anokupa shit chikoro chaunoenda ... Ini handina kana diploma rechikoro chesekondari," akanyora kudaro muna 2006. "Izvi zvakati, ndine $ 0 muchikwereti kubva kuzvikwereti zvevadzidzi, ndinoita $ 70k, ini hangu. ndaifanira kuramba zvinopihwa zve$83k ne$180k. . . . Vashandirwi vanondirwira. Uye ndine makore makumi maviri nemaviri."
Muna 2007, akatumirwa kuCIA chiteshi muGeneva. Mavanee Anderson, wechidiki wezvemutemo anogara muGeneva, akashamwaridzana naSnowden uye akamurangarira seanofungisisa asi asina kuchengeteka. "Akataura zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti haana kupedza chikoro chesekondari," Anderson akazonyora mu op-ed ye Chattanooga Times Yemahara Press. "Asi inyanzvi yeIT - ndagara ndichizvitora sezvinei kuti inyanzvi yeIT."
Snowden akauya kuzonetswa nezvakawanda zvaakaona muCIA. Aizotaura nezve oparesheni yekutsvaga mubhengi wekuSwitzerland sechinhu chaisanganisira kuita kuti murume uyu asungwe nemhosva dzekutyaira akadhakwa. Akarangarirawo, muhurukuro na The New York Times' Akasimuka, kutsiva kubva kune maneja mukuru ane simba raakambobvunza. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika pamusoro pechikanganiso chaSnowden chakawanikwa mune imwe CIA software, yaakanongedza kuvakuru vake. Pane kurumbidza danho rake, zvakadaro, mumwe maneja, uyo asina kukoshesa maitiro anokatyamadza akadaro, akaisa chinyorwa chakakosha mufaira revashandi, achiuraya mukana waSnowden wekusimudzirwa. Akazosiya sangano, "asangana nedambudziko rehana remhando," sekurangarira kwakaita Anderson. Asi Snowden akadzidzawo chidzidzo chakakosha: "Kuedza kushanda kuburikidza nehurongwa," akaudza Risen, "zvinongotungamira kurangwa."
Sezvo Snowden aifamba-famba nekuomesesa kwenyika yehungwaru hweUS, Greenwald akaramba achipokana nehutongi hwaBush nemitemo yayo, achitorawo chinangwa kuDemocratic Congress yekuramba kupedza hondo muIraq. Mukutaura zvisungo, uye achiwedzera paterevhizheni, akapomera zano rake rekupidigura chimiro nekupa sutu uye, mune yakakwana uye isingagone-kupokana-kupikisa rhetoric, akataura rudzi rwepfungwa dzakanyanya - achiratidza cheni yakakonzera pakati peUS. mutemo wekunze uye hugandanga - izvo zvingadai zvakapinza chero ani zvake muhurukuro-show purigatori. Greenwald, zvakadaro, akave muenzi wenguva dzose paMSNBC.
"Unofanira kudzidza mutambo," anodaro. "Ndinopfeka sutu. Ndinotaura nekurira. Ndinoziva zvandiri kutaura - uye handisi kufamba nemhepo zvichienda mberi. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kutsoropodza Noam Chomsky ndechokuti akazvibvumira kuti arege kusarudzwa. nekusamboronga nzira dzekudzivirira.Kana uri mumiriri uye uchitenda mune zvematongerwo enyika, chisungo chako ndechekuona kuti ungawedzera sei simba rako.Chaizvoizvo, zano rangu rave riri rekuti,'Ndichapinda mune zvese zvakaipa. kwandinogona kuwana uye ndizviwanire pachangu.'
Mushure mekunge VaObama vasarudzwa, Greenwald akabvisa vazhinji vevaimbove vadyidzani vake vakasununguka nekupika kuti achaomesera mutungamiri mutsva sezvaaive akaita iye akamutangira. Ainyanya kushoropodza danho raObama rekuti "Tarisa kumberi, kwete kumashure", iro rakabaya vakuru vakuru vakapara mhosva mukati memakore eBush, kunyangwe Dhipatimendi reJustice rakatanga kumhan'arira "hondo" yaro kune vanoridza muridzo munyika. .
Iyi "matanho maviri ekutonga hurongwa," sezvakataurwa naGreenwald, yakanga ichishamisa munyaya yeaimbove mukuru weNSA ainzi Thomas Drake, uyo Greenwald akanyora nezvake muna 2010. Drake ane mukurumbira mumakwikwi ekuridza muridzo nekupa ruzivo kuCongress nezve post. -9/11 zvirongwa zvekuongorora uye kuburitsa ruzivo pamusoro pekutadza kutonga mukati meNSA kusanganisira inodhura, uye yakakundikana, chirongwa, chinozivikanwa seTrailblazer, Baltimore Sun. Muna 2010, akapomedzerwa mhosva pasi pemutemo weEspionage Act wa1917 wekubata zvisizvo zvinhu zvakasarudzika, kunyange hazvo nyaya yaipomerwa nehurumende yakazoparara. Zvakangodaro, kuferefeta kwacho kwakamutorera basa, kwakamupedza mari yake yaakachengeta uye kwakashatisa mukurumbira wake. Nhasi anoshanda paApple Store muBethesda, Maryland. Kuna Greenwald, uye kuna Snowden, Drake ingave yambiro yezvinoitika kune vanopikisa vanoedza kushanda mukati mehurongwa.
Drake, wandinosangana naye muhofisi yegweta rake muWashington, murume murefu, akakwidibira ane moyo murefu-asi-anoshora weBoy Scout akaora mwoyo. Aimbove mukuru weNavy intelligence officer, Drake akapedza makore gumi nemaviri ari mubazi rakazvimiririra sekondirakiti, achishanda semasystem software test engineer, pakati pezvimwe zvinzvimbo. Muna 12, akapinzwa basa neNSA uye akagoverwa kuSignals Intelligence Directorate sechikamu chekuedza kwakatangwa nemukuru mutsva weNSA Gen. Michael Hayden, "kumutsa dziva," sekutaura kunoita Drake, uye kugadzirisa iyo agency. Cold War institution, yezana ramakore rechi2001.
Kunyangwe iyo NSA yakambotungamira pasirese munzvimbo dzakaita se cryptology uye evesdropping yemagetsi, mushure mekudonha kweSoviet Union yakabhadharwa uye isina basa rakajeka. Hutongi hwayo hwakaverengerwa hwakatadza kutarisira kufambira mberi kwefiber optics uye cellular tekinoroji iyo yaizoshandura nyika yese, ichisiya.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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