One sosi yekutsamwa yakaswedera pakuva siginicha ye2017: sei iyo internet uye mashoma mashoma emakambani anoitonga ari kukanganisa ese pfungwa dzemunhu uye zvazvino uye ramangwana repasi. Pfungwa yekare yenyika yepamhepo senge utopia iri kukura inoita kunge yakakwira panguva yechirimo cheArab, uye yave kudzokera shure.
Kana iwe uchida ruzivo rwekuti zvakachinja sei, fungidzira mutungamiri weUS achitumira kudenha kwake mumaawa madiki, uye funga mutsara wemazwi nemitsara zvino zvakazara nezvazvinoreva: Rashiya, bots, troll farms, kushungurudzwa pamhepo, nhau dzakaipa, mari yakasviba.
Chimwe chiratidzo chekuti zvinhu zvachinja sei ndeye volte-chiso nemurume weSilicon Valley ane simba kwazvo. Asati adarika gore rapfuura muvambi weFacebook, Mark Zuckerberg, airatidzika kunge achiri kufara muchikamu cheumambo hwekambani yake, achirasa pfungwa yekuti nhau dzemanyepo dzakafambiswa nepuratifomu yake dzakakanganisa zvakabuda musarudzo dzemuna 2016 dzeUS. "Pfungwa inopenga". Ikozvino kashoma svondo rinopfuura pasina chimwe chiziviso cheFacebook kana chimwe, kungave kuvandudza pasirese pamusoro pechishuwo chayo chekupedzisira chekuisa mashandiro ayo kupfuura kushoropodzwa kana kutivimbisa kuti kutenda kwayo mukusagadzikana kusingaperi, fuzzily liberal ethos kune shungu sakare.
Iyo kambani yasvika padanho rinonakidza mukushanduka kwayo; yakazara nekukosha uye kufarira sezvinoita bato ripi neripi rezvematongerwo enyika. Facebook ine simba rakawanda panguva imwechete uye zvakare inodzivirira kamwe kamwe. Inyaya dzemutero dzine mubvunzo zvikuru vari kuchinjwa; 1,000 vashandi vatsva vakapinzwa basa kuti vatarise kushambadza kwayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, ichiri kuita senge isingakwanise kupa chero mhinduro dzekunetsekana nemhedzisiro yayo pasirese kupfuura yakawanda uye yakawanda Facebook. Chirevo cheKisimusi isati yasvika kuti kunyangwe kushandisa โkusinaโ kwesocial media kuchigona kukuvadza vashandisi, โkudyidzana nevanhuโ pamhepo kwakabatana kwete ne โkuvandudzwa kwehutanoโ, asi ne โmufaroโ. Muchidimbu, kana Facebook ikaita musoro wako mukati, mhinduro yacho haisi yekudzima, asi yakawanda Facebook.
Nepo Zuckerberg nevamwe vake vachiita zvehutsika, kune ruzha runowedzera kubva kuboka revanhu vakaita misoro yenhau kusvika kumagumo egore: vaimbove mukati mehofori dzetekinoroji avo zvino vanonetsekana pamusoro pezvavari kuita kwatiri. Aimbova mutungamiri weFacebook Sean Parker yambiro muna Mbudzi kuti chikuva chayo "chakanyatso shandura hukama hwako nenzanga, nemumwe nemumwe ...
Panguva imwecheteyo, aimbove mukuru weFacebook, Chamath Palihapitiya akaita hurukuro yeruzhinji paStanford University umo asina kunyatso taura. "Iyo nguva pfupi, dopamine-inofambiswa nemhinduro loops yatakagadzira iri kuparadza mashandiro anoita nzanga," akati. "Hapana nhaurirano yehurumende, hapana kushandira pamwe, manyepo, manyepo ... Saka isu tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa izvozvi, mukuona kwangu." (Zvinoshamisa, kwapera vhiki imwe gare gare akaita seanoramba, achiti aingoda "kutanga hurukuro yakakosha", uye kuti Facebook yakanga ichiri kambani "yaaida".)
Zvino kune Tristan Harris, aimbove akakwira-kumusoro kuGoogle uyo zvino anorumbidzwa se "chinhu chepedyo Silicon Valley ine hana". Pasi pemureza wekuzviti "mufambiro" wakadanwa Nguva Yakashandiswa Zvakanaka, iye nevamwe vake vari kukurudzira vanogadzira mapurogiramu kuti vaderedze zvinhu zvinomanikidzira zvezvigadzirwa zvavo, uye mamiriyoni anozviwana akabatanidzwa kuti achinje maitiro avo.
Zvavari kupokana nazvo, zvakadaro, zvinoratidzika kunge zvakafananidzirwa naNir Eyal, mudzidzisi weStanford uye tech consultant anogona kunge ari hunhu kubva kune akangwara. HBO sitcom Silicon Valley. Muna 2013 akaburitsa Hooked: Maitiro Ekuvaka Habit-Kuumba Zvigadzirwa. Kurudziro yake yebhuku ndeye behaviourist psychology yakapayona naBF Skinner. Pakati pemaparera ake euchenjeri pane imwe iri nyore uye inotyisa: "Kuti maitiro matsva anyatsobata, anofanira kuitika kakawanda." Asi paakanyatsoongorora, kunyangwe iye anonzwika seasinganzwisisike: Kubvumbi apfuura, pane chimwe chinhu chinodaidzwa kuti Habit Summit, akaudza vateereri vake kuti kumba akange aisa mudziyo unocheka internet panguva yakatarwa zuva rega rega.
Zvakanaka kwaari. Chokwadi chemamiriyoni evamwe vanhu chiitiko chinogara chiripo chekuti vese kunze kwekuviga mukana wekusunungura wepamhepo wepasirese munyonganiso yechenjedzo, zvavanofarira, mameseji, maretweets uye kushandiswa kweinternet zvakanyanya kushayikwa uye kupengereka zvekuti zvinotoita kuti vanhu vakawandisa vanyanye kukuvadzwa nenjodzi. upenzi nenjodzi chaidzo.
Kutenda kune manipulative ephemera, vashandisi veWhatsApp vanomirira neshungu zvikwekwe zvinosimbisa kana meseji yaverengwa nemunhu anoigamuchira; uye, turbocharged vhezheni yemadoti anopindwa muropa anopenya pa iPhone kana shamwari ichikupindura, Snapchat ikozvino inozivisa vashandisi vayo kana shamwari yatanga kutaipa meseji kwavari. Uye isu tese tinoziva zviri pakona: nyika yeSensurround chaiyo chaiyo, uye internet ine waya mune chingangoita chinhu chose chatinosangana nacho. Sezvo vanopfidza Facebookers vanoti: kana tikasangwarira, isu tichakurumidza kuva panjodzi yekuvharirwa muzvishwe zvisina hunhu, tichishuva kutsauswa kunyange kubva kune zvimwe zvinotsausa.
Pane nzira inobvira yekubuda nayo, hongu. Iyo haigari mune imwe luddite fungidziro yeuto revanhu vakatakura nhare dzeNokia dzekare uye vachinyorerana mabhii, asi mukana wetsika unogashira pfungwa yekufamba painternet nekusarura uye kusimbirira pakuenzanisa kwekutanga. Isu tava kuziva - handiti? - kuti munhu anotanga kusangana kwakawanda nekuisa foni yake patafura angave akapindwa muropa kana idiot.
Kune zvakare kunzwisisa kuri kuwedzera kuti chimwe chezvakakosha zvakanyanya pakurera vana vemazuva ano ndechekuziva zvakanyanya kuti ingani midhiya yenhau inogona kukanganisa pfungwa dzevanhu, uye kudzikisira nguva yekuvhara yevana vedu. Izvi, shure kwezvose, ndizvo Bill Gates uye Steve Jobs akadaro, sezvakaratidzwa neimwe yeayo yekupedzisira yakanyanya pithy zvirevo. Muna 2010 akabvunzwa nezve maonero evana vake nezve iPad. "Havasati vaishandisa," akadaro. "Tinodzikamisa tekinoroji yakawanda inoshandiswa nevana vedu kumba."
Mabhirioni maviri vanhu vanoshingaira kushandisa Facebook; angangoita 3.5 bhiriyoni ave kunzi ari online. Tsika dzavo dzekugoverana, kumanikidza uye fungidziro zvichave pachena zvine pesvedzero huru pakufambira mberi kwenyika, kana kushomeka kwayo. Saka tinofanira kuteerera Tristan Harris nemushandirapamwe wake. โZvitendero nehurumende hadzina pesvedzero yakakura kudaro pamifungo yavanhu yezuva nezuva,โ achangoudza Wired magazine. "Asi isu tine makambani matatu ehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji" - aireva Facebook, Google neApple - "vane system iyi yekuti kutaura chokwadi havana kana simba pamusoro ... Parizvino, 2 bhiriyoni pfungwa dzevanhu dzakatojairirwa kune ino otomatiki system, uye kuri kutungamira pfungwa dzevanhu kuti vashambadze vanobhadhara vakazvimiririra kana kuti mashoko asiri iwo kana mazano ekurangana. Uye zvese zviri automated; varidzi vehurongwa uhu havagone kuona zvese zviri kuitika, uye havagone kuzvidzora. "
Ndokuuya mukicker. โIyi haisi imwe mhando yekukurukurirana kwehuzivi. Uku kunetseka kuri kuitika izvozvi. " Mukati megungwa reunyanzvi hwemakambani uye kufunga kaviri, mashoko iwayo ane dingindira rakajeka rechokwadi.
John Harris mutori wenhau weGuardian.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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