Pane imwe nguva, vagadziri vebvudzi chete nevashambadziri vaiziva zvakavanzika zvevanhu.
Zvino, mafoni efoni anoziva zvese - kwavanoenda vanhu, zvavanotsvaga, zvavanotenga, zvavanoitira kunakidzwa uye pavanoenda kunorara. Ndosaka vashambadziri, uye makambani etekinoroji akaita seGoogle neFacebook, vari kutsvaga nzira nyowani, dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzekuteedza vanhu panharembozha dzavo uye kuvasvika neakasarudzika, hypertargeted ads. Uye vari kuzviita pasina makuki, iwo madiki madiki ekodhi anotevera vashandisi paInternet, nekuti makuki haashande panharembozha.
Vatsigiri vezvakavanzika vanotya kuti vatengi havazive kuti yakawanda sei yeruzivo rwavo rwakavanzika panharembozha dzavo uye kuti ingani inoitwa panjodzi nekungodhawunirodha nekushandisa maapplication, kutsvaga paWebhu yenharembozha kana kungoita zvemazuva ese uine foni muhomwe yako. Uye iyi yekutarisisa kutsva kwekutevera vashandisi kuburikidza nemidziyo yavo uye maitiro epamhepo zvinouya zvichipesana nekumashure kwegakava rine mweya reveruzhinji pamusoro pekuvanzika uye kuongorora hurumende.
NeChitatu, National Security Agency yakasimbisa kuti yakanga yatora data kubva kunharembozha muna 2010 na2011 kutsvaga nharembozha dzevanhu vekuAmerica, kunyangwe ichiti haina kumbobvira yashandisa ruzivo.
"Vanhu havanzwisise kutevera, kungave kuri pabrowser kana nharembozha, uye havaonekwe mumaitiro arikuitika," akadaro Jennifer King, anodzidza zvakavanzika paUniversity yeCalifornia, Berkeley uye akapa zano kuFederal. Trade Commission pane mobile tracking. "Kunyangwe senyanzvi yetekinoroji, kazhinji zvakaoma kusiyanisa zviri kuitika."
Drawbridge ndeimwe yeakawanda ekutanga-ups akafunga nzira yekutevera vanhu vasina makuki, uye kuona kuti mbozhanhare, komputa yebasa, komputa yepamba uye piritsi ndezvemunhu mumwechete, kunyangwe zvigadziriso zvisina kubatana. Kare, kupinda pamudziyo mutsva wakaratidza vashambadziri vane slate yakachena.
"Tiri kucherechedza maitiro ako uye kubatanidza chimiro chako kune nharembozha," akadaro Eric Rosenblum, mukuru anoshanda kuDrawbridge. Asi usazvidaidza kuti tracking. "Kutsvaga ishoko rakasviba," akadaro.
Drawbridge, yakavambwa neaimbove musayendisiti wepaGoogle data, inoti yakafananidza michina inosvika bhiriyoni nemazana mashanu nenzira iyi, zvichiita kuti ibudise zviziviso zvepanhare zvichibva pamawebhusaiti anenge ashanyira munhu pakombiyuta. Kana iwe ukatsvaga zororo reHawaii pane desktop yako yebasa, unogona kuona kushambadzira kweHawaii husiku ihwohwo pafoni yako.
Kune vashambadziri, ruzivo rwepedyo rwevashandisi rwakagara rwuri vimbiso yemafoni efoni. Asi ikozvino chete akawanda masevhisi ekushambadzira enharembozha ayo vanhu vazhinji vasati vambonzwa nezvawo - seDrawbridge, Flurry, Velti uye SessionM - kushandisa ruzivo irworwo, zvakanyanya zvichibva pakutarisa maapplication atinoshandisa nenzvimbo dzatinoenda. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kuomera vashandisi venhare kutiza kutarisa kwemakambani akazvimirira, angave mafemu einishuwarenzi kana vanogadzira shangu.
Pakupedzisira, hofori dzetekinoroji, dzine bhizinesi guru riri kutengesa kushambadza, dzinomira kuti dziwane. Vashambadziri vanoshandisa nzira nyowani dzekutevera dzenhare dzinosanganisira Ford Motor, American Express, Fidelity, Expedia, Quiznos uye Groupon.
"Mumazuva ekare ekunangana nekushambadza, tinovapa runyorwa rwesaiti uye isu toti, 'Vakadzi 25 kusvika 45,'" akadaro David Katz, aimbova maneja mukuru wenhare kuGroupon uye iye zvino kuFanatics, zvinhu zvemitambo. online mutengesi. โMunguva itsva, tinototi, 'Endai munotitorera vashandisi.' โ
Mumazuva iwayo ekare - gore rapfuura chete - vashambadziri vedhijitari vaivimba zvakanyanya nemakuki. Asi makuki haabatike kumaapps, ndosaka asingashande zvakanaka panharembozha uye mahwendefa. Makuki anowanzo shanda pamabrowser enhare, asi usateedze vanhu kubva pabrowser yefoni kuenda kubrowser yekombuta. Iyo iPhone's mobile Safari browser inovhara wechitatu-bato makuki zvachose.
Kunyangwe pamaPC, makuki akarasikirwa nezvakawanda zvekubatsira kwavo kune vashambadziri, zvakanyanya nekuda kwemakuki blockers.
Kupindura kune dambudziko iri, iyo Interactive Advertising Bureau akatanga boka kuongorora ramangwana rekiki uye dzimwe nzira, uchidana ikozvino kushambadzira kwepamhepo "kurasikirwa-kurasikirwa-kurasikirwa mamiriro evashambadziri, vatengi, vaparidzi uye mapuratifomu." Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Google yakatanga kufunga nezvekugadzira chiziviso chisingazivikanwe yakasungirirwa kune yayo Chrome browser iyo inogona kubatsira kunanga kushambadza kwakavakirwa pamushandisi Webhu kubhurawuza nhoroondo.
Kune vakawanda vashambadziri, makuki haasi kushanda nekuti ari kuda kusvika vanhu panharembozha dzavo.
Zvakadaro kushambadza pamafoni kune miganhu.
Somuenzaniso, kusvika pari zvino vashambadzi havasati vaziva kana shambadzo yakaonekwa parunhare yaita kuti munhu ashanyirwe panzvimbo yepaIndaneti pakombiyuta. Ivo zvakare havana kukwanisa kubatanidza ma profiles emushandisi pamidziyo yese kana pachinhu chimwe chete, sevashandisi vanosvetuka kubva paWebhu nhare kuenda kumaapps.
Pasina kuteedzera kwakadzama, "kumhanyisa kushambadzira kwenhare kwakafanana nekukanda mari nepahwindo. Zvakaipa pane kutenga zviziviso zveTV, "akadaro Ravi Kamran, muvambi uye mukuru weTrademob, nharembozha yekushambadzira uye yekutevera sevhisi.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero sevhisi inobatanidza michina yakawanda nemushandisi mumwechete ichimanikidza kune vatengesi.
Drawbridge, iyo yakavambwa naKamakshi Sivaramakrishnan, aimbove kuAdMob, iyo Google mobile ad network, ine kudyidzana nevashambadziri vepamhepo vakasiyana uye kuchinjana kwekushambadzira. Izvi zvinotumira shamwari chiziviso pese apo mushandisi anoshanyira Webhusaiti kana nharembozha, iyo inoonekwa semukana wekuratidza ad. Drawbridge inoona zviziviso zvemaitiro uye inoshandisa statistical modelling kuona mukana wekuti midziyo yakati wandei ine muridzi mumwechete uye kupa munhu iyeye chiziviso chisingazivikanwe.
Saka kana mumwe munhu achigara achitarisa app yenhau parunhare ari pamubhedha mangwanani ega ega, akatarisa saiti yenhau imwechete kubva palaptop mukicheni, achishanyira kubva palaptop pahofisi awa imwe gare gare uye anodzoka husiku ihwohwo pahwendefa mumba imwechete, Drawbridge anopedzisa kuti izvo zvishandiso ndezvemunhu mumwechete. Uye kana munhu iyeye akatenga matikiti endege kubasa, Drawbridge inogona kuratidza munhu iyeye kushambadzira kwendege pahwendefa manheru iwayo.
Amai Sivaramakrishnan vakati kunongedza kwacho kwakanyatso kujeka zvekuti kunogona kuratidza vakaroorana vakasiyana, zviziviso zvemunhu pahwendefa ravanogovana. Asati ataura, "kunangwa kwekushambadza kwaive nezvemidziyo, kwete vashandisi, asi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti mushandisi ndiani."
Saizvozvo, kana ukashandisa maapplication eGoogle Chrome, Facebook kana Amazon pafoni yako, iwo makambani anogona kuteedzera zvaunotsvaga, kutenga kana kutumira pamidziyo yako yese kana wapinda.
Mamwe makambani, saFlurry, anosvika pakuziva vanhu nemaapps avanoshandisa.
Flurry inomisikidza software yayo mu350,000 maapplication pa1.2 bhiriyoni zvishandiso kubatsira vanogadzira maapp kuteedzera zvinhu sekushandiswa. Its Tracking Software anooneka pafoni otomatiki kana vanhu kudhanilodha Apps iwayo. Flurry nguva pfupi yadarika yakaunza chaiyo-nguva ad musika kutumira vashambadziri isingazivikanwe nhoroondo yevashandisi nguva yavanovhura app.
Maprofiles akatsanangurwa seakapfuma mabookworms ane mabhizinesi madiki kana amai vatsva vanofamba bhizinesi uye vanofarira kugadheni. Iyo kambani ine yakatonyanya dhata pamusoro pevashandisi iyo haisati yashandisa nekuda kwekunetseka kwekuvanzika, akadaro Rahul Bafna, mukuru director weFlurry.
Vatakuri vasina waya vanoziva zvakatowanda nezvedu kubva kuZip code dzekumba kwedu, senge inguva yakawanda yatinoshandisa panharembozha uye kuti ndeapi masaiti atinoshanyira panharembozha browser. Verizon yakazivisa muna Zvita kuti vatengi vayo vanogona kuibvumidza kugovera ruzivo irworwo nevashambadziri vachichinjana nemakuponi. AT&T yakazivisa zhizha rino kuti ichatanga kutengesa yakaunganidzwa yevatengi data kune vatengesi, ichipa nzira yekubuda.
Hapana mutemo wenyika kana wemubatanidzwa unorambidza kuunganidzwa kana kugovana data nevechitatu mapato. MuCalifornia, vanogadzira app vanosungirwa kutumira mutemo wekuvanzika uye kutaura zvakajeka kuti ndeupi ruzivo rwemunhu rwavanounganidza uye kuti vanogovana sei. Zvakadaro, izvo zvinosiya zvakavanzika zvakawanda kune vakajairwa nharembozha.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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