Iwe unondibvunza uchisimbirira kuti zvipi zvakadzika mabhenefiti ekugadzirwa kwevezera, uye zvechokwadi izvo zvakakosha, sezvo usiri kutora sezvinei zvandinoita, uye zvakakosha kutsanangura zvakadzama zvinangwa zvemunhu.
Ndinoda kubata nyaya iyi kuburikidza nemakona ekukurudzira uye mafomu ekubatana.
Ngatitange nekukurudzira. Ini ndichasiya padivi kwechinguva chisina kunaka 'chemukati' (kubva mukati) kukurudzira, i.e. ruvengo nehasha, izvo zvisingadzivisike uye dzimwe nguva zvinodikanwa, asi zvinoparadza zvinokurudzira zvezvematongerwo enyika izvo zvisingaunzi nzira yenguva refu yekugadzira.
Izvi zvinotisiya tiine mamwe marudzi matatu ekurudziro. Extrinsic negative motivation, i.e. kutya, uku ndiko kwaive kufambisa kwemakirasi-akakamurwa nzira dzekugadzira, uye yakakosha chibvumirano chesocial chaive "basa kwandiri, kana zvimwe ..." Huranda nehurume hwakanyatsoratidzwa nekumanikidza kwakakosha. (kunyange zvisati zviri izvozvo chete, zvakachengetwa zvakare kuburikidza nekodzero yechitendero uye kutendiswa kwakakosha kwechikwereti cheupenyu, icho vakakundwa vainzwa kune 'vadziviriri' vavo).
Panyaya yekushandira pamwe, iyi nzira yekumanikidzira yekushandira pamwe inocherechedzwa nevepasi vane zvibereko zvishoma, sezvo ichishaya chikonzero chakakosha chekushanda pamusoro pehuwandu hwekurarama, sezvo zvakasara zvichitorwa nechisimba.
Kugadziridza uye kuita kuti kurudziro yakanaka yekunze ndiko kuvandudzwa kwemusika wecapitalist, kureva kubvumira ruoko rusingaoneki rwekuzvifarira uye kukara kushanda. Munhu anogona chokwadi kutsoropodza ichi sechisiri 'chaizvoizvo', sezvo capitalism yakanga yakavakirwawo pakuramba mapoka anobereka kubva pamidziyo yavo inobereka, asi, kamwe chete anofanira kuziva huchokwadi hune hukama nechokwadi chesimba rinokurudzira iri. Uye zvechokwadi, semhedzisiro, capitalism inowana quantum kusvetuka mukubudirira.
Panyaya yekushandira pamwe, izvi hazvina kwazvakarerekera, sezvo nekuti tinoita sevanhu vakazviparadzanisa nevamwe uye vanongozvifunga, hatisi kufarira kuita zvakawanda, kupfuura izvo zvinogona kutipa kuchinjana kwakaenzana. Saka pachinzvimbo chekuti imwe sanganisa imwe ichipa isingasviki maviri, mutambo wakashata wekumanikidza kubatana, tinowana, nekufamba kwenguva, chimwe wedzera chimwe zviviri. Ndinokupa chimwe chinhu mukutsinhanisa kukosha kwakaenzana. (tinoziva kuti ichi hachisi chokwadi chose, sezvo kukosha kwekuwedzera kunobviswa zvakadaro, asi, ingano inoshanda zvakadaro).
Izvi zvinotisiya tiine imwe yasara kurudziro, yakanaka, yemukati yekurudziro. Mukukurudzira uku, unoshanda nekuti unotungamirwa nechinangwa chemukati, chinogona kunge chiri chinhu chakaunganidzwa chakakosha chaungade kuvaka nevamwe. Izvi ndizvo zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwevezera, nekuti zvakabvisa zvakarongeka dzimwe nzira nhatu dzekukurudzira, uye chikonzero chega chekupa nekuzvidira ndechekuita kwerudo uku.
Saka kugadzirwa kwevezera kwakavakirwa pane iyi ine simba kwazvo yekuda kubatanidzwa, uye inogadzira hyperproductive maitiro ekugadzira. Hapana mubatanidzwa wakavakirwa pakungokurudzira kusarerekera uye kushandira pamwe (tichirega 'zvisina kunaka') zvinokwanisa kukwikwidza nekufamba kwenguva, nesangano rakavakirwa pakuita zverudo.
Uye ipapo ndinoda kukubvunza mubvunzo: chii chaunofunga chinoita kuti vanhu vafare zvakanyanya? Kumanikidza, kungochinjana nekuda kweudyire, kana mukana wekuita zvinhu zvechido? Mhinduro ndeyekupedzisira, saka bhenefiti huru yekugadzirwa kwevezera ingori iyo: isiri-yakaparadzaniswa, hyperproductive mode yebasa.
Imwe yezvandinonyanya kudenha, asi ini ndinofunga ichokwadi uye inogoneka, fungidziro, ndeyekuti:
- kugadzirwa kwevezera, nenzira chaiyo yakaumbwa zvakasununguka nharaunda inogadzira vezera, yakabatana nesangano rekubatsira rinochengetedza hurongwa hwavo hwekushandira pamwe, uye ecology yemabhizinesi anopinda muchibvumirano chesocial necommons, achivavarira kuve nemhando yakakwana (the encyclopedia yakanakisa, browser, operating system, ecological car, firiji yakavhurika),
โฆ inozoda kuburitsa zvirinani uye zvakanyanya 'nemakwikwi' (mumashoko e capitalist), pane chero mubatanidzwa wepurofiti uchishandisa chete commons inotorwa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuziva.
Iwe unobvunza, kana iine mabhenefiti, tingaiwedzera sei. Izvi zvinoda kutinzwisisa isu kuti kugadzirwa kwakakamurwa kutenderedza polarity pakati pehuwandu hwehukama uye kushomeka kwehukama. Panguva ino munhoroondo yedu yechokwadi, tinokwanisa kutanga kugadzirwa kwevezera mundima ye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisiri makwikwi (kunyangwe zvinopikisa) zvinhu, uye ndipo apo kugadzirwa kwevezera kuri kukura nekukurumidza, kubva paruzivo kuenda software kugadzira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti munzvimbo isingaite makwikwi, ndinogona kupira nekuzvidira. Izvi zvakadaro, nekuti semushandi weruzivo, uye munhu wese mumwe chete, ndinokwanisa kuzvibatanidza huchenjeri hwangu uye chido changu, muridzi wangu uye/kana kuwana komputa uye nekudyidzana neinternetwork. (Nenzira, ndakafamba zvakaringana munyika dze'Maodzanyemba', kuti ndipupure kuti kune yakapararira yakaungana zvivakwa (kunyangwe kana yakavanzika), yeinternet cafes, kusanganisira munzvimbo zhinji dzekumaruwa, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vatore chikamu kunyangwe pasina. uriri hwakananga hwemichina yemakomputa.)
Saka kudyidzana kusiri kudzoreredza, uko ini ndinopa ndakasununguka uye nekuzvidira kune mubatanidzwa, pasina kuwana chero bhenefiti yakananga mukutsinhana kubva kune mumwe munhu, ndeyechokwadi zvachose.
Asi zvakadini kana tikapinda munyika yevanokwikwidza, zvinhu zvishoma? Pano, iyo michina haishande, nekuti ini ndinoda mutengo-kudzoreredza. Ini handigone kungogovera, asi ndinoda kudzoreredza mari inogadzira yezvinhu zvakanaka. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvisingadzivisiki, kugadzirwa kwevezera kunofanirwa kubatanidzwa neyakasiyana mhinduro yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvenyama. Kugadzirwa kwevezera nhasi kwakagadzikana pamwe chete, chero bedzi vazvipiri vachigona kutsiviwa pamwero wakafanana, asi kwete mumwe nemumwe, sezvo isu tese tichifanira kurarama.
Saka zviri kuitika kubuda kwemahybrid modes, aripo mukati mecapitalism uye kuumba nawo, asi kwete zvachose maererano nemamiriro e capitalism. Nharaunda dzinogadzira vezera dzinopinda muchibvumirano chezvemagariro: makambani anobatana neanojairwa (kureva iyo yemahara software / yakavhurika sosi yakavakirwa hupfumi iri kusundira kunze vakwikwidzi vevaridzi), ichahaya vanogadzira, asi icharamba ichigadzira commons yeruzivo / software / dhizaini pa. izvo zvavanovimba nazvo. Nharaunda inodaidzwa kuti makambani aya adzosere chimwe chinhu kuzvinhu zvaanowana kubva mazviri, chirongwa chinodaidzwa kunzi kugoverana. Makambani anozopa mari semuenzaniso 'infrastructure yemubatanidzwa', kureva izvo zvinodiwa zvekushandira pamwe kwemahara, izvo zvinozotarisirwa nerudzi rutsva rweNGO's, kuitira masangano anobatsira anochengetedza ma commons, uye anozotungamirwa nevamiriri ve. nharaunda uye dzimwe nguva vanopa mari (kune misiyano yakawanda). Nharaunda dzinogadzira vezera dzine simba rekubuda, i.e. mira kuti ubatsire kune mubatanidzwa wavanofunga kuti uri kutorwa, izvo zvingakonzeresa kuparara kweiyo commons, uye nekudaro vane simba rekunyima makambani anoshandira pamwe kubva kune yavo purofiti. Izvi zvinogadzira kuenzana kwesimba uye kondirakiti yemagariro, zvakafanana neyaimbova chiyero pakati pevashandi nevaridzi mune yeindasitiri modhi.
Chii chiri kubatana pakati peParecon nemamwe masisitimu, seChristian Siefkes peer-economy modhi yakavakirwa pakugovana kwekuedza? Chinobatanidzwa ndechekuti mubatanidzwa wemazuva ano wekugadzirwa kwevezera mukati memhando dzehupfumi dziripo dzemakambani ekuita purofiti, zvinogona kuchinjika kuita hukama nemhando itsva dzemasangano, zvichiteverawo pfungwa dzisiri dze capitalist.
Iwe une sarudzo mbiri senhengo yeparecon, mune fungidziro yekuti rimwe zuva vangave varipo uye kunyange kuva nesimba. Pamwe iwe unoshandisa ruzivo rwakavhurika, mune iyo nyaya iyo pfungwa yekugadzirwa kwevezera icharamba ichishanda munharaunda yakavakirwa parecon, kana, iwe wakashandisa ruzivo rwakavharika, anti-commons, uye kana zvakadaro unoiuraya, sezvakangoita capitalist. "IP" inoda uye inoita. Sarudzo ndeyako, shamwari kana muvengi?
Sezvo kugadzirwa kwevezera iri nzira yechisikigo yekuve hyperproductive muhupfumi hunotongwa nemashure-ezvinhu maitiro, Parecon inogona kuzvipa mhosva kune yakaderera goho uye kushomeka kwakawanda, kana yaizoda kumanikidzira sehurongwa. Ose ndeyekufungidzira, nekuti kuramba kuziva nekushanda nenharaunda dzinogadzira vezera kunoreva kuti zvaunofunga hazvizombofa zvaitwa.
Mumupiro wako, Albert Reacts Zvakare, unopokana nerusununguko rwekugadzira rwuri mukugadzirwa kwevezera. Parecon yakafanana nemusika, shanduko yakavakirwa sisitimu, uye iwe unovavarira zvakajeka kudzoreredza mitemo yekushomeka kune yakawanda isiri-mukwikwidzi uye inopikisa zvinhu. Uku kukanganisa kukuru.
Zvekare: hierarchical allocation, exchange based modes, ingave musika kana Parecon, uye kunyangwe democratic self-management, inzira dzekugadzirisa kushomeka kwevakwikwidzi zviwanikwa. Yakakodzera zvikamu zvekugadzira, asi chinotadzisa kubatana kwepasirese kwevakavhurika dhizaini nharaunda vachigadzira ruzivo rwakafanana kunharaunda yese. Kunyanya, chaunodaidza kuti chero chinhu chinoenda, i.e. sarudzo yemahara isati yagamuchirwa nechero nzira yekutonga munharaunda, haisi yekumisikidza asi chikamu chakakosha che hyperproductivity. Iwe unoda kumanikidza sarudzo nekupa simba remubatanidzwa, kana vamiriri vayo kuti vasarudze chekutanga, nekudaro uchidzikamisa munda wemhinduro dzinogoneka, uchizvipa mhosva kune yakawedzera kushomeka kubereka. Izvi zvinoganhurira zvakanyanya ndima yezvinogoneka zvinobuda. Mudzi wedambudziko nderekuti mhinduro yako ine chinangwa chekuve nemono-inonzwisisika nzira yekugadzira yakavakirwa parecon exchange seyo uye yega mhinduro yevanhu.
Ini ndinokurudzira hupfumi hwakawanda uye hurongwa hwebudiriro. Kune rimwe divi, inoumbwa nenharaunda dzakavhurika dzakavhurika dhizaini uye zvinowanikwa pasi rose, izvo zvinogona kutorwa nemunhu wese. Inoumbwa nevanhu vanoshanda munguva yavo yemahara, kana kupihwa mari nemasangano anobatsirikana zvakanyanya kubva kune izvo commons; kana kuburikidza nemari yekutanga. Iri dziva rehungwaru repasi rose rinoshandiswa nemasangano anoshanda muhupfumi hwenyika, uko kuchinjana kwezvinhu zvinokwikwidza kuchiri kuitwa (kana hupfumi hwakarongwa, kana musika wemacapitalist, kana parecon exchange, kana mahara software coops, kana vega vashandi vakaungana. , rondedzero inogona kusingaperi). Mundima yekugadzirwa kwevezera, rusununguko rwekugadzira runenge rwakakwana, sezvo zviri zvishoma zvipingamupinyi zvekukwikwidzana, mumunda wekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, basa rinonyanya kuenderana uye rinozviisa pasi pekumanikidzwa (kunyangwe iyo yakagamuchirwa zvakasununguka muParecon). Kumanikidza mundima hakudzivisiki, sezvo zvakakosha kuita sarudzo dzekunangidzira zviwanikwa zvinodiwa.
Izvi hazvinetse chidzidzo. Zvekare, taigona sei kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwevezera, kana zvichinyatso batsira sezvandinoti?
Mhinduro yacho ndeye: kuburikidza ne 'kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzira'. Chokwadi, nei kugadzirwa kwevezera kuchitovapo: nekuti isu tese tine huropi hwedu, nyore kuwana (bhirioni imwe uye kukura) kumakomputa, uye inoshamwaridzana internetwork. Ichi ndicho chikonzero isu tichigona kuzvibatanidza pachedu 'zvisingabatike' zviwanikwa zvinogadzira kuita zvakajairika. Nyika yenyama inogona kurongeka nenzira yakadaro zvakare. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti kusimukira kwetekinoroji kuri kudivi redu. Zviitiko zvimwe chete izvo zvinosiya kugovaniswa komputa uye yepasirese internetwork, zvakare zviri kutungamira mukugovewa kwenzira dzekugadzira zvinhu: desktop kugadzira, inoshanduka kugadzira, modular dhizaini, kugadzirwa kwemunhu, kugovera biological kugadzirwa (DIY bio). Nguva yemichina mikuru yepakati uye nekudaro inodhura iyo inogona chete kuve ye-centralized capital, iri kupera, ichitsiviwa nenguva iyo mukana wekupinda mukugadzira zvinhu uri kudzikiswa.
Saka zvinova nyore kufungidzira zvinotevera. Idzo dziri kubuda dzakavhurika dhizaini nharaunda (http://p2pfoundation.net/Product _Hacking) tanga kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda uye zvakanyanya, uye chokwadi, ivo vari kuita izvi zvakasiyana kwazvo nemabhizinesi ekuita purofiti sezvo ivo vari kutamburira hunhu hwakakwana, havafanirwe kugadzira hurongwa hwekusashanda, nezvimweโฆ). Ivo vari kugadzira zvakare mhando nyowani dzemakina, akawanda-chinangwa muchina, anowanikwa zviri nyore nezvikamu zvidiki zvekugadzira. Nenzira iyi, kugovaniswa kugadzirwa kwenyama kunowedzera kufananidzwa nekugoverwa, asi kwete vezera kune vezera sezvo isu tiri muchikamu chekushomeka, kugadzira kwemuviri. Sezvo simba revezera rinogadzira nharaunda nemafambiro achikura, sezvo mhando nyowani dzekugadzirwa kwakagoverwa dzichikura, pesvedzero itsva yezvematongerwo enyika, yemagariro uye yehupfumi inotanga kushandura pfungwa dzehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika. Musika we capitalist zvechokwadi inzira inogadzira kushomeka, iyo ine chinangwa chekuparadza huzhinji hwechisikigo uye zvakajairika. Asi isu tinogona kugadzira kushandira pamwe nekuwanda kwe "kuzvigadzira" kwepasirese.
Nyaya yakakosha ndeyekuti isu tichafanirwa kushandawo pavaridzi modes, uye pano ndipo panouya mhinduro dzinogona kuitika seParecon. Yemahara software uye yakavhurika dhizaini macooperatives, Parecon masangano, Focolare zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, egalitarian nemaune nharaunda dzemarudzi ese, ndizvo chaizvo. vabatsiri vezvakasikwa vezvakajairwa uye nekugadzirwa kwevezera, uye kuzvipikisa, sezvaunoratidzika kuita pano, mukuona kwangu kunopesana zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichisiya makambani anoita purofiti kuti aite basa.
Chatinoda inzira izere yekubatana kwekutsinhana kwezvinhu, izvo zvinogona kushanda zvakazvimirira pamusika we capitalist. Saka, pane chero nzira dzinogona kupihwa kune emahara software coops, uye masangano akavakirwa pakugadzira akavhurika dhizaini, anogona kuvasunungura kubva kune zvimwe zvipingaidzo zveiyo musika furemu. Vanogona here kugadzira zvikwereti zvavo zvakajairika, kushanda sehupfumi hwakavakirwa nezviwanikwa, kana kuronga uye kuchinjanisa zvigadzirwa zvavo neimwe nzira iri nani?
Iwe unofunga kuti p2p haina kuratidzwa mumamiriro ezvinangwa zvakakura, asi icho hachisi chokwadi. Ini nevamwe takanyora nezve zvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro zvinorehwa neprojekiti, asi yeuka kuti p2p inzvimbo yezvizhinji.
Asi chinangwa chikuru chinotsanangurwa zviri nyore:
- kudzosera kushomeka munyika yekuchinjana kusingataridzike: zorodza zvehurumende-zvakatemerwa zvega zvega zvakaita seIP, uye ramba nzira dzekushomeka dzetekinoroji dzakavanzika, dzakaita se DRM.
- kudzosera kumashure kuwanda kwekunyepedzera kwehupfumi hwehupfumi: cherechedza kushomeka kwezvakatipoteredza uye magariro akanaka ekunze (zvakasikwa uye zvinozivikanwa nevanhu), izvo zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Usagadzira zvinopesana nekuwanda kwezvigadziro zvega zvega.
โ Ita izvi maererano nemagariro akanaka (zvisingarevi hunhu, asi zvine mwero: kufamba munzira yekuenzana)
Chinangwa chekutanga ndechekukoshesa kwechisikigo kwekufamba kwep2p, uye iyo 'yakavhurika uye yakasununguka', inobatanidzwa uye commons inotungamirwa paradigms uye inofambidzana mafambiro; chinangwa chechipiri ndechekukoshesa kwechisikigo kwekufamba kwezvakatipoteredza; uye chinangwa chechitatu ndechekukoshesa kwechisikigo kwemafambiro akakurumbira anomiririra vanhu vanoshanda. Kuenzana kuri kudiwa nevekupedzisira kunoda kutariswa kune varidzi modes, zvakare ine chekuita necommons-maitiro ekutanga.
P2P ese ari maviri mataurirwo akasarudzika enharaunda dzinogadzira vezera (chikamu chinowedzera chemunhu wese, kwete boka chairo revanhu), uye hutsva hunokosha-hurongwa hunofanira kupinza ese matatu mafambiro emagariro.
Tevere, iwe unofanirwa kunetseka nezve mari. Vagadziri vakavhurika vanowana kupi mari?
Pragmatic nhasi:
โ Vamwe vagadziri/vagadziri vanobatsira mahara nesarudzo: vanogona kuva vadzidzi, vatsvakurudzi vanobhadharwa/vanodzidza, vashandi vane hunyanzvi vari kutsvaga kuchengetedza mweya yavo; vanhu vari pakati pemabasa anobhadharwa zvakanaka; kana vanhu vari kutambura nekusagadzikana kwechinguvana kana kuti kunogara kwenguva refu.
- Vakawanda vari kubhadharwa, pasi pezviitiko zviviri zvakasiyana (kuLinux, 75% yevagadziri vepurogiramu vava kubhadharwa). Vazhinji vanobhadharwa zvine mwero nemafemu ekuita purofiti, asi mhedzisiro yebasa ravo rakananga rinoiswa mune commons; vamwe vanobhadharwa pasina zvisungo muchirevo chekugova kwekubatsira, kureva kuchengetedza mubatanidzwa unoumba hwaro hwemabasa avo ekuita purofiti. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, inoshanda semari isingaverengeki, kunyangwe ichibhadharwa nekambani.
Nehurombo, zvinoreva kuti vanhu vari kufamba uye kubuda mune zvakajairika zvinoenderana nemamiriro avo ekurarama.
Zvakanaka:
- Muhoro wekutanga, kana semuEurope nhasi, nhevedzano yemaitiro eโlabour transitionโ inobvumira vanhu kufamba zviri nyore kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe; sezvavakaita munhoroondo zhinji, semuenzaniso mhinduro dzakawanikwa kunharaunda dzemweya munguva yepre-industrial
- Kugadzirwa kwevezera kunodyidzana nemubatanidzwa wakasimba (kusanganisira Parecon) kufamba uye masangano anoenderana nawo, anove simba guru munzanga nekugadzira.
Sezvineiwo, isu tinofanirwa kutarisira mamiriro akasanganiswa mukati memakumi maviri-makumi matatu emakore, nepo mbeu inobuda ichikura kusvika yakaenzana neyekuita purofiti (sezvakaita feudalism necapitalism kutsiva nzira dzaive dzakasimba); Panguva ino chete, tinogona kutarisira shanduko yechikamu chakanyanya.
Mushure mekuchinja kwechikamu, iyo yakakosha logic yekugadzira kukosha ichave yezera kune vezera; nepo hupfumi hwezvinhu huchange huchishandira pamwe uye 'hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu', pasina kutonga kuenderera mberi kwemisika yakawanda yezvinhu zvinokwikwidzana (asi kwete misika yemakambani, sezvo kukura kusingagumi kusingabviri kuenderera mberi kwenguva refu). Zvakanaka, kunyanya kana uchida kuumba bato rakafara remagariro eshanduko, ukanyanya kuwanda neruzhinji, unowedzera kugamuchira sarudzo dzakasiyana dzemagariro, unowedzera mukana wekugadzira bato rakakura kudaro.
Ndinofunga mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemaitiro edu ndeaya anotevera:
- Wakagadzira hurongwa hwakanaka hunofanira kutevedzerwa nevanhu; unoratidzawo zvakajeka murugwaro urwu, kunyange ndichifunga kuti uchafanira kushandura pfungwa dzako , kuti unoramba sarudzo yakasununguka inobereka; iwe uri sisitimu inovavarira kutsiva yazvino sisitimu neyakasiyana pfungwa itsva
- Maitiro ep2p haagadziri hurongwa hwakanaka asi anotarisisa tsika dzemagariro ezvitsva zvinotsigira hunhu hwepamusoro uye kuenzana, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekugona kukunda hurongwa huripo, uye hunovavarira kuzvibatanidza, kugadzira seti iri kubuda yeanopikisa- masangano agara aripo, asi anogona kuumba mhodzi yehurongwa hutsva hwemagariro nemasangano; inobvuma uye inoda kusimudzira sarudzo yakasununguka inobereka mundima yepasi, ichibvuma zvipingaidzo mumunda wekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokwikwidza; inotenda kuti semunguva yakapfuura, nepo pachange paine pfungwa huru yekugadzira kukosha, izvi zvichange zviri mumamiriro ehupfumi hwakawanda uye nzanga, apo mamwe mamodhi achave anoziviswa nevezera asi asingasungirwe kuenderana neyakasiyana modhi. .
Saka unondibvunza: wadii kuona p2p seyakananga kuParecon?
Zvakanaka muchokwadi, ini ndinoita: Ndinoona p2p ichishanduka kubva pamhando yembeu nhasi, kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, kuenda kuchikamu cheshanduko chingave kuitiswa kweyakawanda kukosha kwakafanana neParecon.
Asi ini ndiri wezvakawanda, mutendi mukurongeka kwekubuda, sekuti hunhu uhwu huchasarudza kuratidzwa sei nevanhu vekoniti. Kwandiri, nzira chaiyo iyo Parecon inovakwa ine dambudziko, nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete chandinonzwa Christian Siefkes Peer-economy ine dambudziko, nekuti iwo ese ari maviri 'anofungidzirwa' mhinduro, inogona, kana kusashanda. Saka maitiro angu ndeekumirira uye kuona, zvichienzaniswa nemhinduro dzakawanda dziri kugadzirwa nhasi, semapateni anoshanda chaizvo. Nei ndichifanira kunyanya 'kutenda' mumhinduro yako, ini ndisingaoni kushandiswa kwayo? Parecon is utopia, asi kusiyana neutopian socialism yezana ramakore rechi 19, inoita kunge isingade kuitwa mumienzaniso. Kana ndikakanganisa, ndingafara kunzwa izvozvo.
Imwe nyaya, uye apa ndipo patingaparadzana nzira. Iwe sezviri pachena hautendi iyo yemahara inobereka sarudzo yekugadzirwa kwevezera ipfungwa yakanaka, unoidaidza kuti paternalistic uye posturing. Urwu zvirokwazvo rusununguko rwako. Asi semaitiro emagariro zviri pachena kuti haangove aripo, asi akabudirira kwazvo mukugadzira yakaoma uye hyperproductive social artifacts, seLinux, iyo Wikipedia, Firefox, iyo Arduino wedunhu bhodhi. Uchazvigadzirisa sei? Unoda kuisiya iripo here, kana kuti unoda kuibvisa? Kana ukasarudza nzira yekupedzisira, zviripachena kuti nharaunda dziri kuramba dzichiwanda dzevezera hadzizotarise mafambiro ako nezvikumbiro seshamwari yerusununguko rwavo rwakahwina.
Pakupedzisira, uye ndinoziva kuti izvi zvinogona kukunetsa. Ndinosarudza mugwagwa wezvakarongeka zvakawanda. Ini ndinotsvaga zvinowirirana nemamwe akawanda masimba emagariro anogona neimwe nzira kana imwe kubatsira kune imwe shanduko yekugadzira vezera.
Semuyenzaniso, vanhu vanobva post-yakasununguka uye post-socialist orientation vanogona kuzviwana ivo pachavo nekuti vekare vanofarira rusununguko uye gare gare kuenzana uye kuenzana, uye mukugadzirwa kwevezera, chimwe chimiro chechimwe. Sezvakaitwa naEben Moglen, gweta reanarchist reFree Software Foundation zvinodenha achiti: kugadzirwa kwevezera ndicho chiroto chakanyorova chevese macommunist nemacapitalist. Handisi kukumbira kufuratira misiyano, asi ndiri kutaura kuti mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvisinei nekusiyana uku, tinogona kushanda pamwe chete pachinhu chakafanana chekuwedzera mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwevezera. Saka, kana netarchical capital inogadzira chikuva chekugovana, ini ndinoona kuti budiriro yakanaka, panguva imwe chete ichidzidzisa kugovana nharaunda mune kodzero dzavo uye zvavanofarira, uye kuvavarira mamwe akavhurika mapuratifomu, akavhurika zviyero uye kutonga uye varidzi ve data ravo. Kana nharaunda inogadzira vezera ichivavarira kuita kuti maitiro avo ave akasimba nekugadzira yakabudirira bhizinesi ecology yakaitenderedza, ini ndinoona kuti budiriro yakanaka, panguva imwe chete ichisundira kune kudyidzana kwakaenzana uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti commons haigone kubatwa uye kutorwa. nezvido zvevanhu. Panzvimbo pekutaura-anti-capitalist mutauro uye rhetoric, kazhinji inopesana, ndinosarudza kusimudzira chaiwo post-capitalist maitiro anoenda kupfuura fomu rezvigadzirwa.
Zvose izvi zviri kutaurwa, ndinotenda kuti kune nzira dzakawanda idzo sangano rinonzwira tsitsi kune zvinangwa zveParecon, uye mafambiro anofemerwa neakavhurika-akasununguka, anobatanidzwa uye anoenderana-anotungamirwa maitiro, akadai seP2P Foundation, asiwo vamwe vazhinji, vanogona kuwana zvavanobvumirana voshanda pamwe chete.
Semuenzaniso: Ndinoda kuti vezera ravo vanogadzira, pane kuvimba nemabhizinesi ekuita purofiti, vaumbe hurongwa hwavo hwekushandira pamwe, uye internetwork mukanzuru yekudyidzana. Pane imwe nzira here iyo nzira yePareconish yaizopa mhinduro, iyo inogona kukurumidzira kutora ikoko nenzira inogamuchirwa kune iwo emahara software coops? Izvi zvichitaurwa, hakuna akawanda emacoops iwayo nhasi. Kugadzira mabhizinesi ekuita purofiti kuchiri kuratidzika sesarudzo huru yemabhizinesi ari kubuda kubva munharaunda yekugadzira vezera.
Saka zvandiri kutarisira kuti zvichaitika ndezvekuti iwe paunenge uchidzidza zvakawanda nezve kugadzirwa kwevezera, iwe uchatsvaga kutaurirana nenharaunda dzakadai, nenzira yekuti une chimwe chinhu chekuvapa, kuitira kuti peer to peer logic inozivisa kuzvipira kwavo. basa, rinogona kuwedzerwa muhupenyu hwavo hwekushanda hunobhadharwa, nemamwe mafomu emagariro akaenzana. Vazhinji vangazviramba, asi vamwe vachazvimbundikira.
Nekuda kwekuguma kwe capitalism. Ini ndinobvumirana naImmanuel Wallerstein, uye ndinopa iyo yazvino sisitimu kwemakumi mashoma emakore. Iyo isingaperi yekukura system haigoneke munzvimbo ine magumo emuviri. Chii chinogona kuchitsiva, zvakadaro, chinogona kunge chakanyanya kuipa.
Asi sezvo, kusiyana nezano rako, ini handisi kuona Mwari vachiburuka kuzotimanikidza kuita sarudzo, ndakaverenga kubatanidzwa uye zvinobvira sezvinotevera.
Parizvino tiri kupinda muSudden Systemic Shock, sezvatakaita kuma1890, 1930's nezvimwe ... Saka neoliberalism ine zvemari haichagoni kushanda seinjini yekuunganidza mari, uye mari neruzhinji rwepasi rose vari kutsvaga dzimwe nzira, asi izvo zvavanofunga kuti 'zvechokwadi' kubva mumafungiro avo. Ini ndinopa zano kuti vashoma vanga varaidza Parecon panguva ino. Izvo zvinogoneka, zvinodikanwa, uye zvingangoita, asi zvisina chokwadi, ndezvekuti kuti uzvisimbise zvakare, nyowani 'refu wave' ichafanirwa kunyatso nyora nezvechokwadi chevezera kune vezera. Saka isu tine nguva yenhoroondo pamberi pedu, umo mhando yembeu yekugadzirwa kwevezera, uye maitiro emusika aripo, 'achashandisa' mumwe nemumwe. Capitalism haigoni kurarama pasina kushandisa hyperproductive kugadzirwa kwevezera, uye nharaunda dzinogadzira vezera dzinogona kusimbisa nekuvandudza mamiriro ekuchengetedza kwavo kuburikidza nemhando itsva dzemamwe masangano anosanganisirwa zvibvumirano zvemagariro (munhoroondo, imwe neimwe yenguva refu yave yakacherechedzwa nekuwedzera inclusionary social contract, i.e. enzanisa iyo Smithean fomu yekuunganidza yezana ramakore rechi 19, neFordist modhi yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwekushandisa).
Munguva iyi iri kuuya, kugadzirwa kwevezera kuchakura kubva pachimiro chembeu kuenda kune yakasanganiswa seti yemamwe mapatani, aripo achiwedzera pa 'parity level' ne capitalism. Iyo inotevera, 'yepamusoro' nhanho yenguva refu, zvakare yakaratidzwa negirini capitalism, inozoratidza kuve isingagoneki. Panguva ino, mukati memakore angangoita makumi matatu kana zvakadaro, tichasvika padambudziko rakakura kwazvo, kazhinji, idanho rekuderera kwemafungu akareba, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu umo kurarama kweiyo biosphere hakuzobvumiri zvakadaro. descent.
Kana dzimwe nzira dzePareconish dzikabudirira kuzvisimbisa seimwe nzira yakavakirwa paequity yesangano rekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, inogona kuve yakakosha chikamu chebudiriro yemashure inozozvarwa panguva iyoyo. Kana zvisina kudaro, kunenge kwave kuri pamutemo kuedza kufungidzira imwe nzira, iyo isingazomboshanda, uye pachinzvimbo, tichava neimwe nzira yekuenzana-kwakavakirwa varidzi uye hutongi. Asi chero chimiro icho chichava, chinenge chiripo pamwe chete neiyo yakakosha logic yevezera kune vezera yakavakirwa kukosha kusikwa.
Papeji 7, unotaura nezveutongi hwevamwe.
Hutongi hwevaenzani inzira inobvumira kuzvibatanidza kwezviwanikwa zvinogadzira, izvo zvinobvumira sarudzo yemahara ine pundutso inowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwevezera, uye ine nzira dzekupokana nekugoverwa kwega kwega kwezvakajairwa. Chero bedzi isu tiri munharaunda yekubatanidzwa kwemahara kwezviwanikwa zvisingaoneki, isu tiri munharaunda yekutonga kwevezera; sezvatinoenda kunzvimbo dzekushomeka, tinopinda munzvimbo yekugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvishoma, uye nekudaro, sarudzo yedemocracy (kana kwete yedemocracy) maererano nezviwanikwa izvozvo.
Semuyenzaniso, munharaunda dzinogadzira vezera, mativi ese ari maviri anorarama pamwe chete. Sarudzo yemahara ine pundutso iripo pamwe chete nehurongwa hwehutongi hwegutsaruzhinji semuenzaniso muDebian, sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa muongororo yakanakisa yakaitwa naMathieu O'Neill, "Cyberchiefs". Nguva zhinji, Nheyo dzinobata zvivakwa zvekubatirana zvine hutongi hwejekerere, asi hadzitauri maitiro ekugadzira, ndiwo mutsauko wakakosha pakati peiyo pre-p2p modes, uye kuti ndinoda kukuona uchibvisa muParecon modhi. .
Saka zvakare, munguva yako yakasununguka yakaunganidzwa, unosarudza basa uye woriita, uye pane communal post-kugadzirwa maitiro (kazhinji ne 'makomichi' kana 'vanochengeta') kutonga kunaka kwaro uye kubatanidzwa mukupedzisira 'chigadzirwa'. (yemahara software, yakavhurika dhizaini). Mune hupfumi hwemusika huripo, iwe unogona kushanda pasi pechikamu chebasa chakatemerwa nemushandirwi wako, kana iwe uri wega-inotungamirirwa nemubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa, pareconish kana kwete. Ndicho chokwadi chanhasi. Muchokwadi chemangwana, panogona kunge paine zvakawanda uye zvekupedzisira. Uye zuva rinotevera mangwana, mushure mechikamu-shanduko, iyo yekupedzisira ichave munzvimbo yemasangano akasiyana zvachose, zvichienderana nekuenzana, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kururamisira munharaunda. Sezvatinobvumirana tose, hatisati tavapo, uye pane zvose zvatinoziva, zvingasazomboitika uye chichatsiva gadziriro iri kufa chingava chakaipisisa.
Michael: mundima yekupedzisira, unobvunza kuti chii chiri mumusoro mubvunzo: "hazvingave zvakanaka here kana vese vanogadzira vezera vangabvumirana neParecon tsika uye zvirevo".
Mhinduro ndeiyi: kana iwe kana ini handina simba pamusoro pazvo. Isarudzo yakasununguka yevanhu mumamiriro ezvinhu enharaunda inodzorwa nehurongwa husina hushamwari kune tsika dzako.
Iwe wakasununguka kupa mazano ePareconish uye dzimwe nzira kune ivo; nzira yangu ndeyekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwevezera mumamiriro ezvinhu anogoneka uye akarurama. Zano rangu nderekuita izvozvo kuburikidza nekusimbiswa kwekugadzirwa kwevezera pachayo, uye kuibatanidza nekuenzana uye kururamisira kwakavakirwa mhinduro kusvika pamwero unobvira. Uyu ndiwo mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemaitiro edu.
Vamwe vanogadzira vezera vanozotarisira maitiro ako, vamwewo vanozofunga nezvetsika dzakafanana asi vasingatende mune yako seti yemhinduro. Zvakawanda zvicharamba. Vamwe vanofara kwazvo kutevera zvavanoda kuita, uku vachigadzira mari mumabhizinesi ekuita purofiti uye vasingakwanise kuita hanya nevanhu kuchenesa mahofisi avo. Nhasi, ndivo vakawanda, (kwete nokuti vane utsinye, asi nokuti vanofunga kuti nyika inoshanda nenzira iyoyo) kunyange zvazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu okuparara kweupfumi hwenyika yose uye kuparara kwemhoteredzo, rimwe zuva zvingasiyana zvikuru.
Iyi ndiyo nyika yezvizhinji, kazhinji isina kururama yatinogara mairi, uye tine mumwe nemumwe wekunyora nayo nenzira dzedu, tichiyedza kuishandura kwatinokwanisa uye rini.
Kana iwe uchida kusvika nharaunda dziri kusimukira dzinogadzira vezera rako, ini ndinokurudzira kuti dzichave dzakavhurika zvakanyanya kune yako nzira, kana ukasaramba sarudzo yemahara inobereka, asi sanganisira iyi mukana mutsva muParecon chimiro chako, uye uvaudze kuti ichaita. iwanze, pane kuiparadza.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta