MunaGunyana 2010 iyo House Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Caucus yakaita mutambo wehunyanzvi. Mufoyer yeRayburn House Office Building, vanhu vakawanda vaitenderera vakatenderedza matafura akafukidzwa nemabhuku, masikirini evhidhiyo airatidza mifananidzo yepanyika, uye mhando dzemaUAV โ anonyanya kuzivikanwa se โdrones.โ Mhomho yacho yaingove vanhurume chete. Vazhinji vaive vakapfeka masutu akasviba nematayi anotonga Capitol Hill, asi vashoma vaipfeka majumpiti erenje-brown evatyairi veUAV.
Mukutaura kwake kwekuvhura kugungano, Congressman Howard "Buck" McKeon, wekuCalifornia Republican anove sachigaro pamwe nekubatanidza musangano webipartisan, akataura nezvechinangwa chayo: "Kumiririra masisitimu asina kurongwa uye kuona kuti tinoramba tichiisa mari mune ramangwana. Munguva dzino dzakaoma dzehupfumi, tekinoroji isina hunyanzvi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo shoma dzisingachinji uye dzakasimba dzekukura muindasitiri yeAmerica. " Chokwadi, mumwe mucherechedzi pamusangano weindasitiri mwedzi wapfuura akataura kuti maUAV anotarisirwa kunge ari indasitiri yemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu pagore panosvika 15. (Kuwedzera fungidziro dzekufungidzira dzinobata huwandu kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni mana nemazana mashanu kusvika pamadhora bhiriyoni gumi nemazana mashanu.)
McKeon, nhengo yedare reHouse Armed Services Committee uye angangove sachigaro muCongress iri kuuya, anga ari mubatsiri wekukura kunoshamisa uku. Dunhu rake rinosanganisira California's Antelope Valley, anenge mamaira makumi mashanu kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwedhorobha reLos Angeles, uko maindasitiri emuchadenga nemauto anoshandisa vanhu vanopfuura zviuru makumi maviri. Vepamusoro vana vakabatsira kumushandirapamwe musarudzo dzekupedzisira vaive makondirakiti emauto โ Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Boeing, naGeneral Dynamics.
Matauriro aMcKeon pamusangano wakanangana nekushandiswa kusiri kuuraya kweUAVs, izvo zvakanyatso bvisa tekinoroji kubva kune zvombo zvinogara zvichigadzirwa nevatsigiri vake. "Mishumo 'yekuramwa kwemhepo' mukurwisana kwedu nemagandanga nguva dzose inozadza nhau," akadaro, "asi zvisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa ndezvekuti masayendisiti edu ari kushandisa nzira dzisina munhu kuongorora uye kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze, kuti Customs uye Border Protection ari kushandisa sei nzira dzisina munhu. kuchengetedza miganhu yedu, kana mashandisirwo emutemo wenzvimbo iyi kushandisa drones kuchengetedza nharaunda dzedu nemapurisa. "
McKeon aitaura mashoko akataurwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2010 pashoo yegore negore yeAssociation for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI), sangano guru repasi rose risingabatsiri reUAV-advocacy. Pakuvhura plenary yechiitiko chemazuva mana muDenver, Sachigaro weAUVSI John Lambert akatora marwadzo kuti asimbise hunyoro hweUAVs: "Funga nezvehuwandu hwehupenyu hunogona kuponeswa nehurongwa husina munhu," akadaro.
Kunyange zvazvo kuungana ikoko kwaisanganisira hurukuro dzakawanda, misangano, uye mharidzo dzounyanzvi dzakaitirwa kushandiswa kwevagari vemo kwehurongwa husina munhu, simbiso yezviratidziro 453 inofukidza uriri hwepakati pekokorodzano yakanga iri pamusoro pezvikumbiro zvechiuto. Zvizhinji zvezviratidziro zvakaonekwa nevanopfuura 6,500 XNUMX vaivapo zvakaratidza mifananidzo yevarwi vakaoma musoro vakabata zvombo, kana kuti yemotokari dzisina munhu dzinoperekedzwa nemashoko akadai sokuti โcombat proven,โ โsuperior visual intelligence,โ uye โmission ready.โ
Kudzoka kuWashington fair, Vaughn Fulton, maneja wepurogiramu yezvisina kurongwa zvemuchadenga (UAS) kuHoneywell Aerospace muAlbuquerque, akaunza T-Hawk yekambani yake, "ziso riri mudenga" rakatumidzwa zita rezvipembenene zveNew Mexico, tarantula hawk. Kuruma kwebug ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kurwadza munyika yezvipembenene, Fulton akashuma nekuseka. Diki inokwana kukwana mubhegi, iyo T-Hawk inokwanisa "kutenderera uye kutarisa" - inogona kuongorora kubva padhuze zvakanyanya - pamwe nekutevera. Sekureva kwaFulton, nezve 260 yakatoendeswa neuto reUS muIraq neAfghanistan.
Honeywell zvakare ari kushambadzira iyo T-Hawk mukati. Dhipatimendi reMapurisa reMiami-Dade parizvino rine maviri awo. T-Hawks yayo inonzi ichashandiswa kuita "tactical" mashandiro kana mamiriro echikwata cheSWAT anosanganisira vanhu vangangove nengozi, kunyangwe vese vari pari zvino vakamirira kubvumidzwa kubva kuFederal Aviation Administration (FAA). Honeywell nemamwe makambani akawanda anogadzira maMicroUAVs anotarisira kuti mamwe madhipatimendi emapurisa emunharaunda pamwe nemapurisa ehurumende neUS Border Patrol vachakurumidza kuva vatengi vavo - tariro ine nheyo, zvichipiwa kuti zvose US Customs uye Border Protection uye Sheriff's Office of Queen. Anne's County, Maryland vakamiririrwa pamusangano uyu.
Panguva ino, mashandiro emumba eUAV ane mashoma. Asi nekukura kunoshamisa kweindasitiri uye kuedza kweAUVSI, iyo UAV Caucus, nevamwe kusunungura zvirambidzo zveFAA, tinogona kutarisira kuputika kwekushandiswa nemasangano emapurisa emuno nemubatanidzwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Zvimwe zvezvishandiso izvi โ kubva pakudzima moto kusvika pakutsvaga vanhu vakashaika โ hazvinei nechekuita nekuuraya, kuongorora muganhu, kana kutonga mhosva. Zvakadaro, tichipihwa chimiro chetekinoroji, isu tinofanirwa kunge tichinyatso tarisisa kuti uye kupi uye kupi maUAV achaiswa kushanda. Pane zvikonzero zvese zvekunetsekana pamusoro pekuti vezvemitemo uye masangano e "homeland chengetedzo" achatora sei mukana wezvishandiso zvavo zvitsva.
Kugadzira Ngozi?
Kufanana nekutaura kwaMcKeon naLambert, Honeywell's promotional mabhuku anosimbisa kuti T-Hawk "inodzivirira hupenyu" -kureva avo vevarwi vanovashandisa kujekesa migwagwa, kuchengetedza perimeters, uye kutsvaga mabhomba emugwagwa. Uyezve, vatsigiri vacho vanoti, nemhaka yokunangidzira kwavo zvakarurama uye nemhaka yeruzivo chairwoirwo runopa gadziriro dzisina munhu, ruzivo rwokuzviwanira harwungodziviriri masoja bedzi, asiwo vanhuwo zvavo vanogara pedyo naavo vakanangidzirwa kuurawa.
Zvikumbiro zvakadaro zvinoshanda kuvhara "kukuvadzwa kwechibatiso" kunokonzerwa nekurova kweUAV: New America Foundation ripoti inoratidza kuti mazana evagari vePakistani vakaurayiwa neUS UAV chiitiko kubvira 2004.
Chokwadi, kuwanikwa chaiko kwemaUAV kunogona kuwedzera mukana wehondo. Pamusangano wakapindwa zvishoma nezvetsika pashow yeDenver, Noel Sharkey, purofesa wehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye marobhoti paYunivhesiti yeSheffield kuEngland, akataura nezvenyaya iyi. Sharkey akabvuma kuti maUAV ane hunyanzvi. Kushandisa imwe yekuuraya kwakanangwa, akadaro, iri nani pane kubhomba kapeti nzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, Sharkey akacherekedza, kurongeka kwavo kunenge kusiri kwekunyepedzera - zvinangwa zvinowanzova muzvivakwa, uye kunanga kunotsamira paungwaru hunowanzo kanganisa. Uye huremu hwakaiswa pane chaihwo hunovhiringidza zvinonetsa zvepamutemo zvepasi rose: kurova kweUAV hakutenderi maitiro akakodzera kana kuzvipira.
MaUAV anobvumira Washington kuita zvinhu zvayaisazoita. Mumwe mushandi weCIA achangobva pamudyandigere akaudza Sharkey kuti, pasina maUAV, mauto haaizokwanisa kurwisa zvibodzwa munyika dzakaita sePakistan, Somalia, neYemen. KuSharkey, izvi zvinoratidza kuti marobhoti haangori hunyanzvi mune zvombo. Asi, vanogadzira nzira nyowani dzekurwa hondo. Marobhoti anotungamira kune asymmetry yakadaro zvekuti hondo inowedzera kuita sehugandanga. Panyaya yeUnited States, njodzi yakaderedzwa kuvarwi veAmerica inoreva kuti kushora kweruzhinji kuhondo kuchadzikirawo. Panyaya iyi, maUAV ari mukufamba kwenguva achigonesa hondo-haasati ari nzira yekuponesa hupenyu.
Mapurisa eUK akashandisa maUAV madiki kutarisa 'anti-social behaviour,' sekuratidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Inzwi raSharkey raive risingawanzo kupokana kubva pakuona kwakanyanya muDenver neWashington, iyo inobata kuti maUAV "chingori chimwe chishandiso mubhokisi rekushandisa." Kubva pamaonero aya, chero tekinoroji ine mashandisiro akawanda - unogona kurovera mbambo nesando, kana kutyora dehenya - uye nekudaro haina kwayakarerekera mune yezvematongerwo enyika-ethical pfungwa. Asi sezvinoreva Sharkey, matekinoroji anogona zvakare kushandura.
Kunetseka kwemumba kwakafanana: maUAV acharatidza kuve chimwe chishandiso here, kana kuti achashandura? Vachanyatso shandura nzira iyo nzanga dzine rusununguko dzinotariswa?
Isu tingasaziva njodzi chaidzo dzekushandisa mudzimba kusvika mamwe maUAV ari kushandiswa, asi iyo nguva zvakare inogona kunge isiri kure. Mapazi emapurisa matanhatu muCanada nemadhipatimendi mazhinji muEurope atoshandisa michina iyi. MuCanada kutumirwa kwavo kwakaganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzine vanhu vashoma nezvinangwa kubva pakurekodha vhidhiyo yezviitiko zvematsotsi kusvika pakufamba-famba kunofungidzirwa kuti kubira mikoto kumuganhu weU.S. MuUnited Kingdom, mapurisa emunharaunda akashandisa maUAV madiki kwemakore mashoma apfuura kuita mabasa ekutsvaga nekununura, kubatsira mukusungwa zvine chekuita nezvinodhaka, uye kuongorora "maitiro anopokana nemagariro," sekuratidzira pagungano revanhu. racist British National Party muna Nyamavhuvhu 2009.
Zviremera zveU.K. zvinotarisira kutanga kushandisa maUAV akakura uye ane simba, uye nenzira yakawedzerwa zvakanyanya, munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Maererano nemagwaro akawanikwa naThe Guardian, Hofisi yeKumba yeBritain inoronga kushandisa maUAV echiuto kupurisa maOlympics echirimo a2012. Pamusoro pezvo, masangano matanhatu emapurisa emuUK abatana pamwe chete kuita chirongwa chekuyedza kushandisa maUAV "kutarisa, kutarisa uye kuunganidza humbowo." Vakuru vanotarisira kuti maUAV achaiswa mu "basa renguva dzose remapurisa, zviremera zvemuganhu nemamwe masangano ehurumende" muUnited Kingdom.
Kusvika pari zvino, Civil Aviation Authority, iyo United Kingdom yakaenzana neFAA, yaramba kupihwa rezinesi kwendege yakadaro munzvimbo "yakajairika" nekuda kwekutya kudhumhana, asi kukurumidza kukura kwehunyanzvi hwe "pfungwa uye kudzivirira" kunogona kuisa izvi kunetseka zorora mukati memakore mashoma. Pasinei nezvinorehwa nekutsamira kwemazuva ese pamaUAVs, anodaro Stephen Graham, Purofesa weCities and Society paNewcastle University, "kushushikana kukuru pamusoro pekutonga uye kutonga kwekuongororwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu vekuBritain kwave kuchizivikanwa nekusavapo kwayo." Graham anonetsekana kuti nzira dzekutonga dzinodiwa hadzipo kuUnited Kingdom "kudzivisa vezvemitemo kuti vasashandise zvisizvo kuwedzera kwemasimba mumasimba avo kuti vasore vakatwasuka uye vachihwanda pane zvese zvehupenyu hweveruzhinji maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva."
MuUnited States, zvirambidzo zvakasimba zveFAA zvine chekuita nekuwana nzvimbo yemhepo zvakatungamira akati wandei madhipatimendi, akadai seLos Angeles County Sheriff's, kumisa zvirongwa zvavo zveUAV. Asi mamwe mahofisi emubatanidzwa ari kusundira kushandiswa kwakawedzerwa. Muna 2006 National Institute of Justice (NIJ), tsvakiridzo nekusimudzira ruoko rweDhipatimendi reJustice, yakatanga kubatsira vatevedzeri vemitemo munharaunda tenga michina yendege inodhura. Tim Adelman, gweta rinoona nezvenyaya dzendege, akapinzwa basa kuti atungamire chirongwa ichi. Kunyange zvikopokopo zvine vanhu zvichidhura zvakanyanya kumadhipatimendi mazhinji, maUAS, Adelman anonongedza, anogona kuita zvishoma semadhora makumi maviri ezviuru kutenga uye mapeni chete paawa kuti ashande.
Sheriff's Hofisi yeColorado inonyanya kumaruwa Mesa County ndeimwe yevashoma vanobatsirwa neNIJ chirongwa. Ben Miller, Sheriff's quartermaster, akatanga kutarisa mune isina kurongwa system munaJune 2008; akafunga kusingadhure kutariswa kwemhepo muMesa County kunogona kubatsira kutsvaga vanhu vakarasika uye kuchengetedza mapurisa kubva munzira yekukuvadza.
Nekutungamirwa kubva kuNIJ uye nerutsigiro kubva kune vaaishanda navo, Miller akawana mvumo kubva kuFAA yekushandisa Draganflyer X6 Helicopter, mini helikopta inorema isingasviki makirogiramu mana, ine makumbo mana akarukana uye maviri matete skid etsoka.
Dunhu rakatarisira kutya kwakakurumbira kwe "mission creep," apo masimba emapurisa anowedzera kupfuura ayo anodiwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakataurwa. Hofisi yaSheriff yakayeuchidza vagari venzvimbo kuti "maziso ari mudenga haasi matsva," sekutaura kunoita Miller-masatellite, ndege dzinoshandiswa nevanhu, uye makamera ekutarisa zvese zvine hukuru hwekutarisa kupfuura mazhinji maUAV madiki. Chero zvazvingava, Miller akavimbisa veruzhinji kuti hofisi yake haisi kushandisa UAV yayo kusora nharaunda, asi kupindura kune hutsotsi nekutyisidzira kuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa - mudziyo unodonha uchibva kudenga uchirova imba kana munhu - huremu hwayo, Miller anoti, hwaizodzivirira kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya. Uye kana kuri kudhumhana kunobvira nedzimwe ndege, kudzika kwakadzika panobhururuka maUAV madiki kunoita kuti zvisaitike, anopikisa.
Pamusangano we2010 weboka guru reUAV rinokurudzira pasi rose, vechidiki vekuchikoro chepakati nepamusoro vakagamuchirwa nevhidhiyo yekuverenga skrini, 'marobhoti ari nzira inotonhorera.'
Kubva Nyamavhuvhu 2009, dhipatimendi rakafambisa UAV yaro munzvimbo diki, yakatenderwa yenzvimbo yedunhu, zvakanyanya kudzidzisa nekuyedza zvinangwa. Kuendesa iyo UAV kunze kwenzvimbo yakatemwa, dhipatimendi rinofanirwa kunyorera Chitupa chekukurumidzira cheKushanda. Mvumo inotora chero kubva ku45 maminetsi kusvika maawa maviri, zvichiita kuti UAV ishande isingabatsiri apo Dhipatimendi rinonyanya kuda kuiendesa. Mhosva dzakadaro dzinoitika nguva dzose, maererano naMiller.
Miller anoti Hofisi yaSheriff yakave "nekubudirira kukuru" payakafambisa ndege sere dzeUAV ichitsvaga murume akashaika ainzi akarasika kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure mudunhu. Kunyange zvazvo vakuru vakuru vasina kuwana murume wachoโkana kuti haana kumbowanikwaโvakagumisa kuti akanga asiri munharaunda yacho. Miller akarumbidza ruzivo rwakakosha iye nevamwe vake vakawana kubva pakuvhiyiwa.
Vese Adelman naMiller vane tarisiro yekuti iyo FAA ichasunungura zvirambidzo pamaUAV madiki munguva pfupi. "Zvikara, munhu wese anogona kubvumirana, zvinoda kudzorwa," anodaro Miller, achitaura nezvematani-matani eUAV anogara achiendeswa kubhomba muPakistan neAfghanistan. "Kurova maviri ndechimwe chinhu." Parizvino FAA haiite mutsauko pakati pezviviri izvi. Miller anotenda kuti chikamu chedambudziko kushaikwa kwedata iro FAA inogona kumisa sarudzo dzayo-haina humbowo hwakakwana hwemaUAV madiki ari kushandiswa zvakachengeteka kuzvinangwa zvemapurisa. Panyaya iyi, Miller anoti, pese apo dhipatimendi rake parinopihwa mvumo, vanowana data idzva, iro rinopa humbowo kuFAA hwekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwehunyanzvi. Miller anofanotaura kuti kana zvirambidzo zvachinja, maUAV madiki anozove-chishandiso chevamiriri vezvemitemo veUS: "Ndiyo inotevera taser."
Inotsvedza Mutserendende
Miller's taser kuenzanisa, pamwe, inosimbisa zvishoma pane zvaanofunga.
MaTasers akatanga kubuda muma1970, asi kutorwa kwavo kwakapararira nemapurisa muUnited States kwave kuchangopfuura, nemhando itsva, dzine simba rakawanda dzakaunzwa muna 1999 na 2003. Vagadziri veTaser nezviuru zvemasangano ezvemitemo eU.S. vanovarumbidza sevakachengeteka kudarika vazhinji zvombo zvekukunda vanhu vane njodzi kana vanokakavara uye vanoti vaderedza kuuraya nekupa mapurisa chishandiso chinoshanda chisingauraye.
Asi vatsoropodzi vakamutsa kusava nechokwadi kwakakomba. Maererano ne Amnesty International report Zvisingasviki Pane Inouraya?, vanhu 334โvanenge 90 muzana vasina pfuti, uye vakawanda vairatidza kuti vaisava nengozi yakakombaโvakafa muUnited States pashure pokukatyamadzwa nepfuti kana kuti zvimwewo zvombo zvinopa simba zvakashandiswa pakati paJune 2001 naAugust 2008. "akavhurika kushungurudzwa sezvo ari nyore kutakura uye ari nyore kushandisa uye anogona kurwadzisa zvakanyanya nekudzvanya bhatani pasina kusiya mamakisi akakura."
Iyo taser chiitiko inotaura kune mbiri nyaya dzakakosha maererano nehunyanzvi. Kutanga, migumisiro yekushandiswa haisi nguva dzose inooneka pakutanga. Uye, chechipiri, sezvinoratidzwa naLangdon Winner mubhuku rake rekare ra1986, Whale neReactor: Kutsvaga Miganho muZera rePamusoro Tekinoroji, matekinoroji ndeezvematongerwo enyika, akasungirirwa kuhukama hwesimba nechiremera. Nekuti matekinoroji haapo mune yemagariro vacuum, haasi maturusi chete. Vanobatanidzwa mumagariro evanhu uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, "chikamu chevanhu vedu." Saizvozvo, mashandisiro azvo anoratidza zvinokosheswa nemasimba makuru enzanga.
Saka hazvishamisi kuti NIJ inotengesa mapurisa emuno paUAVs kwete chete nekurumbidza kukosha kwavo mumabasa ekutsvaga-nekununura, asiwo mukupedza mbanje uye kubata narcotics. Izvo zvavasingataure nezvazvo-kuitira kuti varege kuvhundutsa veruzhinji-vanomhanyisa matikiti, Adelman anodaro.
Saka nepo Miller achitarisira kushandisa maUAVs muMesa County kununura vana vakarasika, ruzhinji rwevamiriri vemutemo kutumirwa kweUAV kazhinji kunopindirana nehondo dzeWashington dzekurwisa zvinodhaka, hugandanga, uye "vasiri pamutemo" vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, nezvose zvinokanganisa veruzhinji nevanhu. kodzero dzine mapurojekiti iwayo. Kubatanidzwa kusingadzivisiki kwemaUAV ku "hondo" idzi, dzakasanganiswa nemaitiro asina kukwana ekuzvidavirira, inzira yekudzoreredza mazinga echipurisa aimbove asingatenderwe uye nekushungurudza zviri pamutemo. MunaGunyana apfuura, semuenzaniso, gavhuna wePennsylvania, Ed Rendell, akamanikidzwa kukumbira ruregerero mushure mekufumurwa kuti kambani yakazvimirira ye "counter-terrorism" yakapihwa chibvumirano neHofisi yeHomeland Security yehurumende yanga ichisora โโvaratidziri vehondo nevanopikisa vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika uye vezvemamiriro ekunze vachironga kurwisa gasi rechisikigo. kuchera.
Kudzidzira Remangwana
Mazhinji masystem asina kurongwa uye matekinoroji ane hukama ari patafura yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira. Mapurojekiti matsva anosanganisira mota dzekutarisa zvipembenene dzinokwanisa kubhururuka nepamahwindo akavhurika, pfuti yemuchina kana girinedhi yakaiswa parobhoti rinotsikwa, humvee inobhururuka, uye UAV ine simba resolar inokwanisa kuramba ichibhururuka kweanenge makore mashanu pasina kumhara. . Uye ipapo ipapo "snake-bot"โrobhoti remagetsi rakaita senyoka rine masensor anoona nekunzwa. Wired inoshuma kuti robo-nyoka iyi inogona โkutsvedza isingaonekwi nomuuswa yosimudza musoro wayo kuti itarise, kana kutokwira mumuti kuti ione zviri nani. Inogona kunge iri spy yemarobhoti akakwana. "
Mazhinji ekuongorora asina kurongwa uye matekinoroji ezvombo anotanga mumarabhu emauto. DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency), hofisi yePentagon yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, incubator huru. Kune zvakare Air Force Research Lab, iyo, maererano ne Popular Science ripoti. Nekuti chirongwa ichi, chakatumidzwa zita raAnubis, mwari wekare weEjipita wevakafa - chapera, Sharon Weinberger, munyori wemushumo, anofungidzira kuti maUAV anouraya anogona kunge atove mumunda. Kune zvakare kuedza kutora "zvigunwe zvinopisa" kubva kumhepo uye mapurojekiti akanangana nekumaka zvibodzwa nezvisingaonekwe biological pendi kana micromechanical sensors yakadonhedzwa neUAVs, zvichigonesa kuteedzera kubva kure.
Kana izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvemauto-maindasitiri zvakaomarara kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweUAVs, saizvozvowo ivo vanogadzira dziva revatsvagiri venguva yemberi. Mauto anotanga achiri mudiki: Navy Admiral Gary Roughead akataura muDenver pane imwe yemisangano yemazuva ese kuti haakwanise "kusimbisa zvakakwana . . . kwakakosha sei kuwana sainzi, tekinoroji, mainjiniya, uye masvomhu muzvikoro zvepuraimari nepakati.โ
Kutsvaga-uye-kununura parutivi, mapurisa eUAV anoshandisa kazhinji achapindirana nehondo dzeWashington dziripo pazvinodhaka, hugandanga, uye 'vasiri pamutemo' vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.
Pakati peavo vanopindura nhare dzakadai iDARPA. Zvinoenderana neiyo Gunyana 28, 2010 edition yePentagon's Armed With Science Webcastcast, DARPA iri kuisa mamiriyoni gumi emadhora muchirongwa chemakore mana chinodaidzwa kuti MENTOR (Manufacturing Experimentation and Outreach) chinotsvaka "kukudziridza uye kukurudzira chikwata chinotevera chevagadziri vehurongwa nevagadziri vekugadzira," uye "kudzosa chido chekuongorora pakati penyika yedu. pwere.โ Inotarisira kusvika chiuru chezvikoro zvepamusoro.
Kuedza kwakabatana kunodaidzwa kuti Robotour iko zvino chinhu chakajairika cheAUVSI inoratidza. Pamusangano wa2010, vechidiki vakawanda vekuchikoro chepakati nesekondari vakagamuchirwa kurwendo rwavo rwekuratidzwa kwehoro nevhidhiyo yakanyorwa kuti, โMarobhoti Akanaka (Uye Ndizvo Ndizvo Ndizvo Vanhu Vanoasika).โ
Daryl Davidson-mukuru weAUVSI Foundation, AUVSI's ruoko rwedzidzo, ane chinangwa "kupa maoko-pane zviitwa zvemarobhoti zvinofadza uye zvinonetsa vadzidzi vemazinga ese, uye zvinovakwezva kuti vatore basa mundima yemarobhoti" akavhura chiitiko. Mushure mekutsanangura chiono chenheyo che "nyika umo hupenyu hwevanhu hunodzivirirwa uye hunosimbiswa nekushandiswa nguva dzose kwemichina yemarobhoti," Davidson akasuma vhidhiyo yemaminitsi masere yairatidza mifananidzo yemotokari dzisina munhu dzichifamba munyika, gungwa, uye mhepo. Pakanga pasina zviratidziro zvekurwa, uye mota zhinji dzaiita zvinhu zvaisaita kunge zvine chekuita nemauto. Asi mifananidzo yemasoja akapfeka yunifomu, mota dzakapendwa muchiuto - mimwe ine insignia yeUS pavari - uye maUAV achigadzira machinjiro pavanhu nemotokari, pamwe nemimhanzi yeadrenaline-inopomba yekumashure, yairatidza kudzikisira chiono chaDavidson.
Kunyanya kutaura aive mazwi evazhinji veAUVSI's heavyweight vakapinda. Mumusangano weplenary, Mauto Brigadier General Jake Polumbo akasimbisa kukosha "kubvisa vanhu vakaipa." Saizvozvo, Dyke Weatherington, Mutevedzeri Mukuru weUnmanned Warfare paPentagon, akaudza vakaungana, "Vakaipa havasi kuenda." Uye Roughhead akazivisa, "Zvatinofarira muNavy zvicharamba zviri pasi rose." Kugadzirira kwechiuto, akadaro, kwaikosha munyika ine "ngozi" uye "isingafungidzirwe." Nekufona kutsigira "varwi vedu vehondo" vanokumbirwa kakawanda, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira maUAVs zvichabatsira chaizvo kuchengetedza Washington yepasirese mauto tsoka uye kupambadza mari yekudzivirira-yakaenzana kune dzimwe nyika dzakasanganiswa-kusvika makore gumi anotevera.
Vagadziri vezvirongwa zvisina kurongwa vakabetserwa zvakaisvonaka nekushandiswa ikoko. The Los Angeles Times inoshuma kuti mumakore gumi apfuura Pentagon yakashandisa mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora pamasisitimu emuchadenga asina kufambiswa, uye CIA neCongress vakadyara mabhiriyoni emamwe. Iyo AUVSI inoratidzira yakura zvakapetwa kashanu mumakore gumi apfuura. MuSouthern California chete, indasitiri yeUAV inoshandisa vanhu vanosvika zviuru gumi.
Mari uye Migumisiro
Parizvino hapana chikonzero chekutya kuti mahumvee nemagirinedhi anobhururuka akaiswa pamarobhoti anotsikwa-tsikwa achakurumidza kuguma ave mubazi remapurisa renzvimbo, kana kunyange kumuganhu weU.S.-Mexico. Asi nekuti hazvigoneke kupatsanura kushandiswa kwemumba kwemotokari dzisina munhu kubva kumauto-industrial complex iyo yakavapa (kunyanya munguva yepashure-9/11), zvinokwanisika kuti huwandu hwezviridzwa zvemauto zvinobuda. kubva muindasitiri iri kukura isina kurongwa-system inozopedzisira yaiswa mukati meUnited States.
Tinofanira kunetseka here? Chii chainyanya kushamisa nezve AUVSI 2010 uye yeUAV Caucus tekinoroji fair kwaive kusavapo zvachose pakati pevakapinda nevatori vechikamu pfungwa yekuti panogona kuve nekudzika-kwemunhu, kwemari, kana neimwe nzira-kumbundikira masisitimu asina kutungamirwa uye nyika huru. -security complex izvo ivo chikamu che. Izvo zvakaderera zvine hukama husingaenzaniswi nekusaenzana kwakadzama kwemagariro uye kusarongeka kunotambudza nzanga yeAmerica nepasirese. Iwo echokwadi uye ari kukura, uye izvozvo hazvigone kuchinja pasina shanduko mune zvekutanga nyika.
Nyanzvi yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye akarega basa Colonel Andrew Bacevich anopokana mukatiMitemo yeWashington: Nzira yeAmerica kuHondo Yechigarire kuti izvo zvinotsanangurwa neUnited States sezvinonyanya kukoshesa kuchengetedzwa kwenyika ndiyo hwaro hwehondo dzisingaperi uye kuputsika kwechikepe chezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Pamusoro pekufambisa mutemo weAmerica wekupindira kwepasi rose - nechisimba chayo chose - izvi zvakakosheswa "zvakabvumira Washington kumisikidza kana kufuratira matambudziko anoda kutariswa pano pamba."
Saka kunyangwe dai maUAV aingova maturusi chete, mhedzisiro yakadaro yaizongomutsa mubvunzo wakakosha: bhokisi rematurusi ririko uye nemagumo ei?
Joseph Nevins mumwe purofesa wejogirafi paVassar College. Zvaakanyora zvakabuda mumabhuku akawanda, anosanganisira: The Christian Science Monitor, The International Herald Tribune, The Nation, Los Angeles Times, The Progressive, uye The Washington Post. Ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda, ake azvino uno ndiye Kufira Kurarama: Nyaya yeU.S. Immigration munguva yeGlobal Apartheid, rakabudiswa muOpen Media Series neGuta Lights Books, www.citylights.com
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