Iyi ndiyo ongororo yemashure kune zvichauya Lisbon Chibvumirano referendum iyo ichaitika mukati Ayarendi musi wa2 Gumiguru. Manongedzo ehumbowo hunotsigira maonero anoratidzwa akadzikwa muzvinyorwa.
Pano tinoenda zvakare
Mazuva ano mu Ayarendi, vanhu kunyanya vanoti โHonguโ kana kuti โKweteโ. Kune zvakare, zvakakosha, iyo 'Handizive'. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akauya nekuda kwekusateerera vagari vemu Ayarendi yakakunda zvakataurwa neEuropean Union Lisbon Chibvumirano mureferendamu muna 2008. Nhamba dzakakunda uye kubvumirana kwakasimba kweHongu kwakange kuri tsamwa nesu. Takanga โtisingaongiโ uye โtisingaziviโ. Taive 'varevi venhema'. Taizoendeswa kunovharirwa uye homwe yedu yaizobatwa. Hapana kana mumwe weshamwari dzedu dzemuEurope angada kutamba nesu zvakare uye angada kutiranga zvakaomarara, zvimwe. Vaizoita mabiko avo pasina isu mune ramangwana uye taizofanira kumirira kunze kwesuo takatarira tichishuva mukati pamabiko. Chibvumirano cheLisbon chine kukosha kukuru kupfuura zvese izvi. Kana zvisiri zvakare zvinotariswa nemukurumbira mu US, China, Rashiya, India uye Middle East pakati pevamwe zvino zvinofanirwa kudaro, kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti kune vanhu vakawanda vane simba munzvimbo idzodzo vari kunyatsoona mafambiro ayo.
Nezvikonzero zvayo zvebumbiro remutemo, Ayarendi yaifanira kuisa chibvumirano kune vavhoti vayo kuti vatenderwe. Pakati penyika dzese dziri nhengo dzemubatanidzwa, nyika diki iyi ine vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni mana yainge yapa mutongo waifanira, nokuda kwechisungo chekubatana pakati penyika dzeEU, kuona EU ichidzokera kubhodhi kana kuti kusiya. chibvumirano zvachose. Asi zvinhu hazviwanzo shanda sezvinofanirwa kutenderedza zvikamu izvi uye ikozvino tave kuudzwa kuti tidzokere kunzvimbo yekuvhotera kuti tiite zvatakakumbirwa kekupedzisira tovhotera hungu mureferendamu inodzokororwa pachibvumirano chaicho. Izvi zvese zvakakonzera gakava rinopisa reruzhinji iro rakange rakatarisirwa kuti harifanire kuitika asi iro rakaenda neimwe nzira yekufumura hukuru hwepasi pechirongwa cheLisbon Treaty. Uye saka tinozviwana tapinda Ayarendi neramangwana revanhu vekuEurope 500, 000, 000 mumaoko edu, vanenge vakawanda vavo vachitikumbira kuti tisabvumira chibvumirano. Taifanira kuita iyi hurongwa hwekuvhota/kuvhota zvakare nezvikamu zviviri zvekare zvemitemo yeEurope sezvo vanhu veIrish vachiedza kuramba hupfumi hwe'liberal' kana kuti 'free market' huri kuramba huri kuramba huripo huri kuyedza kusimbisirwa neEU. isu zvachose. Asi maIrish aramba nemoyo wose kudzidza chidzidzo chekurovererwa pahuro pedu: itai chaizvo kekutanga. Nguva imwe neimwe yakapoteredza, zvisinei, vavhoti vanoita sevacharasikirwa nehutano hwavo uye tinotumira muvhoti yechipiri kune maonero akarongwa. Isu tine kamhere pamusoro pezvinhu uye tobva tagadzikana kuita sevanhu vekuEurope vanoteerera, kunyangwe panguva yekunyora paine mukana wekuti mhedzisiro yacho ingave yakasiyana panguva ino. MaNos anosanganisira zvikuru vanhu vanoshanda, vanomirira masangano evashandi uye vanorwira runyararo somuenzaniso, vanotya kudzikiswa kwekodzero dzevashandi uye vane mauto, vasina gutsaruzhinji. Europe. Magadzirirwo evhoti yekutanga yeLisbon Treaty zvakangodaro - kunyangwe zvanga zvichizivikanwa kuti ruzhinji rwevakadzi rwakavhota vachipikisa. Vanopikisa chibvumirano chekurudyi, kunyange vari vashoma pahuwandu, ndivo vanga vari kutarisa kwevezvenhau, sezvavari zvakare, asi izvo hazvina zvazvakaita kunyengetedza ruzhinji rwaiva nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvokuramba. Lisbon.
Chero kutsoropodzwa kungave kwakaitwa pamusoro pekutengeserana nekutengeserana kunangana-EU munguva yakapfuura (uye kune zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa) pane imwe nguva isu muIreland takatarisira kumasangano ayo emutemo nemamwe kuchengetedza basa nedzimwe kodzero nekuti hurumende yairamba mazano ekodzero dzeEU nenzira dzose dzadziinadzo. Mudzimba, hukama hweIreland neEU senhengo yenhengo hwagara husina kujeka zvichienderana nekuti ndiyo yaitora mari yakawanda here kana kuti yaifanira kuzadzisa zvisungo zvisingadiwi zveEU - inoedza nehungwaru hwayo hwose kubuda - uye nguva zhinji. zvinongoenderana chete nemazita. Vanhu vekuIrish vakanyimwa mabhenefiti mazhinji ari kudzikira ekuva nhengo nemafambisirwo ari kuitwa bhizinesi rakawanda muno. Inishuwarenzi, mabhanga nemamwe makambani kazhinji haaremekedzi mafungiro kana tsamba yemutemo wekare weEU uyo waifanira kunge wakapa vagari dziviriro yakakura nemukana pane zvazvinoita kakawanda.
Modern Ayarendi
Kufanana nehurumende dzose dzechikoloni, maBritish akanga asiri chinhu kana asina kungwarira kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti chero ani aipedzisira ava chigaro pashure pokunge vaenda aizodzivirira varidzi veminda uye kutanga bhizimisi. Nzira iyi yaifadza zvikuru, zvakare, pakati pevatengesi vezvitoro, vanhu vanotengesera kunze uye vanotengesera kunze kwenyika vaikwanisa kubatsirwa nekutengeserana navo. England. Vatungamiri vekumukira kwa 1916 - kunyanya avo vaifunga nezvekubatana, kuenzana. Ayarendi โ vanenge vose vakaurayiwa. Mukuzivisa republic panguva yekusimuka izvi ndizvo zvavainge vataura:
โ Republic inovimbisa rusununguko rwechitendero nerwevagari vemo, kodzero dzakaenzana nemikana yakaenzana kuvagari vayo vose, uye inozivisa kutsunga kwayo kutsvaga mufaro nebudiriro yenyika yose nemativi ayo ose, ichichengeta vana vose venyika zvakaenzana uye vasingarangariri. yemisiyano inosimudzirwa nokungwarira nehurumende yokumwe, iyo yakakamuranisa vashomanene navazhinji munguva yakapfuura.โ
Eamon De Valera uyo akanga ari nhengo yeboka iri haana kuurayiwa nokuda kwechikamu chake mu chimurenga uye akazova Taoiseach (mutungamiri wenyika) - uye gare gare Mutungamiriri - akakonzera hondo yevagari vemo apo nyika yakavhotera kuumbwa kwematunhu 26. nyika -kunyangwe asina kumbobvira aita chero chinhu kugadzirisa izvo mhedzisiro yebasa rake rose rezvematongerwo enyika. Akabirawo mari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika mamiriyoni maviri emadhora yaainge aunganidza paaiita mushandirapamwe US zvisati zvaitika. The modus operandi yebato rake, rava kunzi Fianna Fail (The Soldiers of Destiny), avo vakatungamirira nyika kwenguva zhinji kubvira ipapo, rakanyatsorongwa. Kana maitiro edemocracy anogona kusachengetedza mhedzisiro yaunofarira, kune nzira dzakavatenderedza. Kana uchida mari, kuendesa mari dzeveruzhinji nedzakavanzika kuzvikonzero zvako zvako nezvematongerwo enyika isarudzo. Zvinangwa zvinokurudzira zvemagamba emuna 1916 zvakasiiwa uye aizove mupristi nemukurumbira wakashata, 'Dev', akapinza nyika murima rinoomesera, reKatorike, kwemakumi emakore panguva iyo kuongororwa kwakapararira uye chechi yeCatholic. yakanyorwa mubumbiro remitemo yerusaruro rwevanhu vezvimwe zvitendero uye kwete. Zviuru zvevana veIrish zvakabatwa chibharo zvine hurongwa, vakaregeredzwa zvakaipisisa uye kurohwa muzvikoro zvinotungamirirwa neChechi. kusvika kuma1980. Iri raive indasitiri yechokwadi - vana 170,000 vakapfuura nemu'zvikoro zvemaindasitiri' - zvichiita kuti vechitendero vaite mari kubva mukushanda kwevana kazhinji vanotorwa zvisina tsarukano uye vachimanikidzwa โkuchengetwaโ - mhuri dzavo dzose panguva. Nyaya iyi ine mufananidzo. Kunyangwe mamwe mapato ezvematongerwo enyika aine mhosva zvakare, kupfuura chero ani zvake Fianna Fail akafambisa uye akavhara zviito zvechitendero. Ndiyo bato reFianna Fail uyo, pakupera kwa2002 chaizvo yakabvisa masangano ese gumi nemasere uye vapari vemhosva vakasara vakabatanidzwa mukushungurudzwa kwemhaka uye avo masvondo mashoma apfuura vakadzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwavo kwevakashungurudzwa nezvikonzero zvenhema. Izvi zvakaitika mushure mekunge vapedza makumi emakore zvinonyadzisa pachena uye zviri pamutemo vakakuvadzwa vakaedza kumhan'arira kukuvadzwa.
Bato iri zvakare rakanyura mukutevedzana kwehuwori hwakashata mumakore makumi maviri apfuura ayo akatonga zvematongerwo enyika, akanetesa vavhoti uye akaona vaviri Fianna Fail Taoiseachs vachinyadziswa. Vese vari vaviri vakabatanidzwa mukupa-kupihwa kwekodzero dzedu dzose kune yedu mafuta negasi yakawanda mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kutsanangurwa nanhasi. Shanduro yeIrish yekuparara kwehupfumi ndiyo yakaipisisa kupfuura chero nyika yakasimukira, kwete nekuda kwehukama hwehuori pakati paFianna Fail neboka revakapfuma vevagadziri vezvivakwa veIrish vanga vachipa mari kubato kuti vabatwe zvinonyadzisira vachirasikirwa nehupfumi. upfumi hwenyika yose. Hurumende pari zvino iri kuyedza kugadzira njanji kuburikidza nemutemo uyo vazhinji vanofunga kuti kuedza kuviga humbowo hwezvakaitika uye kubhadhara vanotsigira avo vari kudaidzira kuti vazvipinza muchikwereti chinokatyamadza. Kana ukapasiswa, mutemo uyu waiona hurumende yeIrish ichiva nekambani hombe yezvivakwa pasi rose, zvizhinji zvacho zvine chepfu kufungidzira chikwereti. Vanhu veIrish vari kubvunzwa kuvimbisa uye kubhadhara iyi 'chirongwa' iyo ichashandiswa kubhadhara mabhanga nevagadziri vanobatanidzwa. Izvi zvese zviri pamusoro peakakura mabheti uye vimbiso dzakatopihwa. Hurumende inoti nekuda kweโcommercial sensitivityโ, isu tichange tichibhadhara izvi kuzvizvarwa zviviri kana zvitatu hatikwanisi kuudzwa kuti ndiani ari kubatanidzwa kana kuti chimwe nechimwe chichabhadharwa marii. Sezvinongoita nyaya yekushungurudzwa kwevana, kutsiva zvachose kune vakapara mhosva inyaya yemazuva ese.
Zvese izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda zvakonzera kuti pave nevanhu vane huwori uye vane huwori hwehutungamiri. Chokwadi kune zvakawanda kuvanhu veIrish kupfuura kune vemabhizimisi vavo nevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika uye tinozvisimbisa kwese kwese zvisinei nazvo. Asi zvakanakisisa zvatingave senzanga hazvisati zvamboyemurwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vedu vane utsinye uye vasina pfungwa, tisingaregi kukurudzirwa kana kugoneswa kubudirira. Pane vanhu vashoma vavhoti vanoomesa musoro vachidzorera Fianna Fail kuhurumende nguva nenguva, vasingadi kana kuti vasingakwanisi kuzvibvisa pamafungiro ehondo yekare. Nokuda kwavo, uye nokuda kwavo, Ayarendi achiri kushanda mumufananidzo waDe Valera uye akafanana.
Ayarendi muEU
Yekutanga European Economic Community, mune ino mamiriro, yaive mwari-kutumira kuna Ayarendi. Kana mabatirwo anoitwa vanhu vakashungurudzwa muzvikoro zviri chinhu chingaitwa, vakadzi semuenzaniso, kunyange iye zvino vangangove vasina kodzero idzo hurumende yechirume yechechi yeRoma yaifanira kuzvuzvurudzwa ichipopota uye kukava kuti vataure maererano neveEurope. Mirayiridzo yaibva muboka repfungwa dzechi capitalist izvo, kusiyana neIreland, zvaimbove neruzivo rwevanhu nezvenyaya dzakadai, zvisinei nezvinangwa zvayo. Mukati medambudziko redu rehupfumi razvino, Gurukota rezvemitemo, VaDermot Ahern, vanga vachizvidya mwoyo. kumanikidza mutemo wekunyomba mumabhuku emitemo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nhanho dzakatorwa 'rebalance' iyo gender quota kupinda mukudzidzira zvekurapa uko vakadzi vechidiki vechiIrish vanga vachibudirira zviri nani kupfuura varume vechidiki. Izvi zvakonzera kuti kurambidzwe kudzidziswa zvekurapa kwevakadzi vakajeka, vakanyatsorongeka uye vanoshanda nesimba vakawana mibairo yepamusoro-soro pabvunzo dzavo dzeLeaving Certificate โ 600 points โ vachifarira varume vechidiki vakawana 480 shoma. kudzikamisa chiyero chevanhukadzi padanho repamusoro rebasa rimwe chete kana paruzhinji, zvematongerwo enyika nemasangano emabhizimisi kumativi ose โ kuchiri kune vanhurume zvakanyanya. Hurongwa hwave kutoitwa zvakafanana 'rebalancing' zviitwa mumabasa emutemo nedzidzo, pakati pezvimwe. Kodzero dzebasa dzakagara dzichirwiswa. Vatungamiriri vesangano reTrade Union pano vakura zvisinganzwisisike pamberi pekuenderera mberi kweneo-liberalism, vachibvuma kubatwa nehasha nehurumende, zvemabhizimisi uye vezvenhau vanonyatsoteerera. Sangano reIrish Congress of Trade Unions rakaona nguva pfupi yapfuura kuti danho rekuramwa mabasa munyika richipikisa mihoro uye kumwe kudzikiswa izvo zvakanganisa mihoro yevanotambira mari shoma, akakundwa. Mukurwadza zvakanyanya kuvashandi vekuIrish, mukuru weServices, Industrial, Professional and Technical Union (SIPTU) akazivisawo kupesana kwegwara uye ave kuraira nhengo dzayo kuti dzivhotere. Lisbon.
Mumakore apfuura, vashandi vangangove vakatsvaga rubatsiro kuEuropean Court of Justice asi mitongo inorerekera mushandirwi uye kududzira ikoko kwakaona kuderera kwekodzero. Chibvumirano cheLisbon ndiwo mapedzisiro emaitiro aya padanho reEU - mhedzisiro yekuedza pamwe kwevemabhizinesi makuru kutora mubatanidzwa wacho nenzira isingadzoreki, neo-liberal. Zvinosanganisira gadziriro yekusimbisa mutemo wenyaya wevashandi usina hushamwari mumitemo yawo.
Kana tikavhotera hongu Lisbon tinogona kutsvoda zvakanaka kune zvakasara zvenguva iyoyo yakanaka yeEU. Hazvina kungoerekana zvaitika pano Ayarendi boka revashandirwi veIrish Business and Enterprise Council (IBEC), vakaita zvinopfuura rimwe boka ripi zvaro kuderedza kodzero dzevashandi Ayarendi, vanofarira Chibvumirano cheLisbon. Vamiriri vasina kusarudzwa veIBEC vanozadza makomiti ehurumende mukati memitemo. VeIriland vezvenhau vari mukunakidzwa kwavari. RTE (nhepfenyuro yenyika) inozivisa zviri mu IBEC zvinoburitswa sezvinoita zvinoburitsa mirairo yakapihwa kubva kumusoro. IBEC vanofara:
โChibvumirano cheLisbon Reform chinoumba hwaro hwepamutemo hwekusunungurwa kwemabasa ezvido zveupfumi (Art. 106). Vhoti yehungu yeChibvumirano cheLisbon inogadzira mukana wekuwedzera mikana yebhizinesi reIrish kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pasi pekuwedzera kusununguka kwakadai seHutano, Dzidzo, Zvekufambisa, Simba uye Nezvakatipoteredza.
IBEC ndivo vanonyanya kukonzeresa kushambadzwa kwesevhisi yedu yehutano iko zvino iri kuenzanisirwa zvisina tsitsi pakukundikana kukuru kunova hurongwa hwekuchengetedza hutano hweUS nevanotungamirwa nemafungiro. Minister for Health avo vaimboshanda navo bato vakaparidza pachena pfungwa yekuti 'kusaenzana kudiki chinhu chakanaka'. Sekune dzimwe nyika nhengo, makambani emishonga, vagadziri vezvekudya zveGM uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinofarirwa nemakambani, vakanyengetedzwa Ayarendi neIBEC, vari kurerekera EU kuhurongwa hwavo. Chirongwa ichocho kugadzira hukuru hwemabhizimisi makuru achirasikirwa nemunhu wese izvo zvinozoona mabhizinesi mazhinji emumigwagwa achiparara kana akabudirira. IBEC inoda 'competitiveness' โ chirevo chekambani chave kuzivikanwa pasi rose chekudzikisira mihoro nemitero yekambani โ zviri nani kuti nhengo dzavo dziwane pundutso yakakwira uye mibairo yavo pachavo.
Ayarendi yawana zvinokatyamadza 25% yezvese US mukati mekudyara muEurope mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwematemu ayo ekuregerera mutero, ekupa rubatsiro uye kupa-rubatsiro zvakanyanyisa kuitira kuti vemunyika dzakawanda vapinde. The minnow yakakoka mashark kuti adye muIrish yemutero weIrish. 'Mamanejimendi consultants' vakaita rombo rakanaka kubva muhomwe yeruzhinji - vachipa mazano kune hukama hwehurumende/nemuridzi wekunze vachinakidzwa neutongi husina demokrasi uye kusingaenzaniswi kuwana kwakananga kwekuita mutemo chero nyika muEU. Sistimu iyi yakaparadza basa regutsaruzhinji muparamende uye inoona vamiriri vakasarudzwa nevashandi vehurumende vachiitwa zvakanyanyisa mukugadzira mitemo.
"US makambani anotsvaga imwe punch uye ane maviri akakosha ekutsigira masangano: The American Chamber of Commerce and the US Ambassador. IAmerican Chamber of Commerce inobata akati wandei ebhizinesi masikati uye makonferensi akakosha nevanoita sarudzo. Inozvirumbidza kuti ine 'yakanyanya kuwana kuIrish neEuropean policy network' uye inogona 'kuchengeta vanoita sarudzo dzeIrish vakatarisa pazvinhu zvinopa kuenderera mberi kukwezva. Ayarendi senzvimbo yekudyara mari yekunze.โ Dare racho rakatsigira zvakasimba murayiro weEU, waizomanikidza vashandirwi kubvunza vashandi vavo uye kuvapa mashoko panyaya dzine chokuita navo. Panzvimbo pekodzero yomunhu oga yokubvunza kwakadaro, vakada kuti kwaigona bedzi kunyandurwa nechikumbiro chakanyorwa chakasainwa negumi muzana yavashandi. Nenzira iyi, mazita evashandi anogona kucherechedzwa nemanejimendi chaiwo ayo akange asingadi kuvabvunza pakutanga! Nyika yeIrish yakabvumirana uye iyo Vashandi (Kupihwa Kweruzivo uye Kukurukurirana) Mutemo wakabereka, sekureva. Industrial Relations News, iyo 'chitambi chisingadzimiki' cheAmerican Chamber of Commerce in Ayarendi. The Chamber inoshanda zvakanyanya ne US Ambassador, anoita sekunge, anopindira zvakanyanya kuti akumbire zvido zvebhizinesi reUS. "
Chinhu chimwe chete chatinoziva nacho: 'investment' yese iyi haina chayakaita kudzivirira Ireland kubva kumusika wemari uye nekufungidzira pfuma- kuparara, kwakaipisisa muno kupfuura chero kune imwe nyika 'yakasimukira' nekuda kwekutadza kubudirira. mutemo uye hurumende. Shamwari dzedu dzakawanda dzemamiriro ekunze dzakaita ndatobva kumahombekombe aya kunzvimbo se Porendi avo vava kudzika nenzira yeIrish.
Kuita chimwe chinhu nezveEU
IBEC nevamwe vavo vekuEurope vakagadzirisa imwe nguva yapfuura kuti chimwe chinhu chaifanira kuitwa nezve "socialist-leaning" EU.
โNdinoda kuona Europe kuita zvinhu zvitatu. Kutanga, ndinoda kuiona ichitora kudiwa kwekushanduka-shanduka mumusika wevashandi. Kana tichizounza mimwe mitemo inobata musika wevashandi, ngationei kuti haishaise vanhu mabasa pasi. Ndinoda kuona kusunungurwa kwakazara kumativi ose Europe muzvikamu zvakaita sezvekutakurwa, zvendege, zvesimba uye zvekufambiswa kwemashoko. Hurongwa hwemakwikwi hwemabasa akakosha hunogona kukurudzira basa rehupfumi uye kuve nemhedzisiro inobatsira pabasa. Ndinoda kuona kugamuchirwa kwechido chekuvandudzwa kwemutero uye kuderedza mutero uye ndinoda, zvechokwadi, kufara kuona Europe kukanganwa nezvezvirongwa zvipi nezvipi zvekuenzanisa mitero.โ
Akadaro Minister weTrade uye Enterprise, Mary Harney uye IBEC musangano kumashure muna 1999. Hurumende yakateedza zvichemo izvi zvine chekuita nechitendero uye hupfumi hwakakanganiswa nazvo: vanhu vanosvika zviuru mazana mashanu havachashandi uye kuvharwa kwebhizinesi kwave kusingaenzaniswi. Harney aive uye ari kusimudzira maitiro chaiwo akatekeshera zvakanyanya muUS uye misika yemari yepasi rose inobvumwa neaimbova Sachigaro weFederal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, murume anogona kunzi ndiye ane mhosva kwavari, kuve kukanganisa. . Asi โmujaho wokudzika pasiโ unoenderera mberi. Zvinonyadzisa zvikuru ndezvekuti vazhinji vanobatwa muhubris.
Imwe cabal ine hasha yatova nesimba guru paEU kuburikidza nemvumo yakananga kune vane simba zvikuru uye vadiki vezvematongerwo enyika veEU hierarchy. Pane zvino vamwe 15,000 makambani anotsigira yakamira zvachose mukati kweBrussels avo kusvika pari zvino varamba kuedza zvine mutsindo nemapoka ane hanya kuti mabasa avo azvidavirire uye ave pachena.
kupinda Lisbon Chibvumirano
Iyo itsva "yakasununguka" Europe inofanira kutsigirwa nemari inosungirwa kuita muchiuto kuitira kuti nyika dziri nhengo dzeEU dzitsigire mabasa eโkuchengetedza runyararoโ pasi rose. Bato reHongu rinoramba izvi nehasha uye nechisimba - chikamu chechibvumirano chavanotya kukurukura - asi zvese zviri pachena ipapo muzvinyorwa zvechibvumirano. Ingave Ireland yakapinda zvakananga muchiuto kana kuti kwete, EU iri kusimudzirwa kuti ishande semubatanidzwa weUS iyo - kunze kwekuparara kwayo kwehupfumi kwakaipisisa - yakapotsa yaparara nemabhiriyoni ayo emadhora ekushandisa muhondo kuchengetedza. kutonga kwemafuta negasi zvakachengeterwa dzimwe nyika. Lisbon imhindurowo kusimba riri kuwedzera pasi rose renyika dzakadai China, India uye Rashiya - avo vanewo vakaumba boka ravo rehupfumi kuchengetedza zvido zvavo kubva kune hukasha hweUS / EU kutyisidzira. The US iri kutotumira vakuru vehondo mukati Chekosirovhakiya akanongedza kumabvazuva ukuwo achishora zvinonzwisisika kudzivirira Rashiya iyo isina mhosva yekutangisazve zvine hukasha kweCold War.
Zvose zviri nyore. EU iri kugadzirira kupa US 'nyika yechitatu' tsigiro yezviwanikwa zvayo zviri kuwedzera kuuraya mu Middle East. Tevedzera nzira dzepombi dzeoiri ne gasi dziri kuiswa ne US mhiri kwedunhu uye unenge uchifamba nenyika dzese dzavari kuita zvechisimba. (Skroka pasi pane iyi link kune index yemamepu nemifananidzo - inogona kukwidziridzwa.) Iri ibhizimusi rinodhura uye rinoda vashandi uye US haugone kuzvifambira wega zvachose. Apa ndipo panopinda mubatsiri wayo anonyanya kukosha. EU yakatsigirawo zvakanyanya US mutemo muPalestine/Israel uko nyika dzenhengo dzinoda Britain vane offshore simba zvido akavavimbisa by Izirayeri. Zvinosuruvarisa Gaza iri munzira, asi dambudziko iri riri kubatwa naro, zvisinei nekupokana nemaoko pamusoro pekuti maIsrael akadarika kisimusi yapfuura. Zvese izvi zvinoda โkudzivirirwaโ kubva โkutyisidzirwaโ kwe nyika dzeMiddle East US vava kubhomba kuzviisa pasi. Nyika idzi hadzisi kuzogamuchira mhirizhonga yezvinangwa izvi. Uku ndiko 'kutyisidzira kwedu kwemagandanga' - vanhu vasina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuramba kana kubatwa chibharo kuzvitonga kwavo nezviwanikwa - zviwanikwa zvave zvichishuviwa nemasimba ekuMadokero kwemazana makore.
Kuitwa kwechiuto kweEU kungavawo bonanza hombe kuindasitiri yezvombo yeEU ine simba iro bhizinesi hombe reIrish rinobatanidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvine pundutso. Chibvumirano chinotaura nenzira yeOrwellian yekupa mvumo ye'kubatana kwekubvisa zvombo', 'kuita runyararo', rutsigiro rwe'nyika dzechitatu mukurwisa hugandanga munzvimbo dzadzo' uye 'kusvika nekukasira kumari yekubvisa zvombo nechimbichimbi' 'yevanhu nemauto. assets'. Zvisungo zvinotarisirwa munyika dziri nhengo ndezvi yakakurukurwa pano naJoe Higgins, MEP anopikisa Chibvumirano. Kuongorora kwakadzama kwemagwaro echibvumirano pano.
Dimikira reEuropean Union
Mukuru weRyanair munguva pfupi yapfuura akazivisa tsigiro yake nezve chibvumirano chine hunhu. Lisbon zvechokwadi zvaizodaro Europe izvo Michael O' Leary ndeyekufamba nendege. Zvake chiso chakakodzera kune itsva yakarongwa Europe apo vanhu vanogona kutarisira kubatwa nokuzvidzwa uye manyawi sezvakaita vafambi vake. Kana chibvumirano chikaitika tarisira kuudzwa, Oโ Leary style, โtava nemavhoti ako zvino unogona kurasikaโ - nokuti uchave mukana wedu wokupedzisira wekutaura zvakananga mureferendamu yechibvumirano chakadai.
Hongu vavhoti vachaziva, sezvakashambadzwa nemitengo yendege yeRyan - muripo wakavigwa, zviteshi zvekusabatanidzwa nemamwe matemu nemamiriro akarukwa mubumbiro iri achiita sechibvumirano.
"Mafungiro eruzhinji achatungamirwa kuti atore, tisingazvizivi, zvikumbiro zvatisingade kupira kwavari zvakananga ... zvese zvambotaurwa zvichange zviri mugwaro idzva, asi zvichavanzwa nekuzvivanza neimwe nzira."
Aimbove Mutungamiriri weFrance V. Giscard DโEstaing, akatungamira kunyorwa kweBumbiro reMitemo reEU iro rakarambwa nemaFrench nemaDutch mumareferendamu avo muna 2005, uye rava kuitwa kuburikidza neLisbon Treaty.
Le Monde, 14 Chikunguru, 2007
Iyo Irish Media
Ongororo yezvekuburitswa kwenhau kwekutanga Lisbon referendum yakaratidza kuti kufukidzwa kwaive kwakarerekera kudivi reHongu. 'RTE Kudonha Patsoka dzeSimba' yakaratidza dzimwe nhamba dzinonakidza.
โKufukidzwa kweRTร pamushandirapamwe weLisbon Chibvumirano weLisbon hauna kuenzana nevapi vechikamu kubva kudivi reHongu vachigadzira 62.75% yevatauri munhaurirano uye nhau dzakatarisana neChibvumirano cheLisbon. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pamwe yaive mutemo weRTร kudzikamisa nemaune kufukidzwa kwenharo dzeNo divi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti tsvakiridzo iyi inogona kuunza dzimwe tsananguro. "
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kungoipa izvozvi nekuti kubva ipapo sarudzo yakatorwa yekuti RTE's chisungo chekubata zvakaenzana mukuvharwa kwereferendamu. zvaisareva kuenzana nguva yemhepo. Kampeni yeYes nguva ino yanga ichitungamirwa neveneo-liberal uye aimbove Progressive Democrat, Pat Cox anova chipangamazano kuEuropean Commission. VaCox vanopomerwa kuti vane zvavanogona kuita kupesana kwezvido mukubata basa iri, kunyangwe achiramba kuti ndizvozvo. Vechidiki vane maziso anopenya vakaiswa kuti vanyengetedze vezera ravo. Yakagadzirirwa uye yakatariswa kunanga kuIrish 'vhoti yevechidiki', 'Chizvarwa Hongu' vanofara nemufaro pamharidzo yehurumende neEU. A ichangoburwa yeRTE's current affairs programme, Prime Time, zvainyatsonangana vakadzi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, vakanga vari boka guru revanhu muNo side kekupedzisira. Paive nevakadzi vakawanda mumushumo mumwe chete weRTE kupfuura zvaizoonekwa mu6. Mufananidzo uyu waive wemukadzi wemujaho. Kana zviri zvevakadzi chiteshi chinowanzova nemhosva yetokenism. Chirevo ichi chaive chekunyomba kwenyaya uye chaisanganisira zvirevo zvisiri izvo uye zvenhema pamusoro pechibvumirano chakaitwa nemunyori wepamusha nemazwi anonyaradza akataurwa semataurirwo echokwadi. Kunyangwe gakava rakazotevera pamusoro pechirongwa pakati paCox naHiggins rakaitwa zvakanaka naMiriam Oโ Callaghan, mutori wenhau mukuru anoferefeta pachirongwa, kupepeta kwacho uye mamiriro acho akanga ari chibvumirano. Kugadzirisa kweRTE kwenhau nezviri kuitika kunoonekwa zvakanyanya sehurumende ine mukurumbira pakati pevatariri venhau nevanoongorora, kwete nekuda kwekudzokera shure kwazvichasangana nazvo kana ikayambuka mutsara iwoyo netsaona. Kutsiva kunokurumidza nevatori venhau vachizviwana vaiswa parutivi kana kuti vakasiiwa zvachose.
Komisheni yeReferendum โisina kwayakarerekeraโ yakatenderedza kabhuku keruzivo kumusha wega wega muIreland chakatakura mufananidzo wemaoko emukadzi akabatwa ari mudenga achinyengetera ari mukapu yakaita seY, paine mashoko okuti โChibvumirano cheLisbonโ. Irowo rakazara nevimbiso dzinonyevenutsa asi risingakwaniri zvinosuruvarisa uye richitsausa muzvinhu. Inoti mamiriro emutemo maererano nechibvumirano achinjad. Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvachose.
Madingindira edivi reHongu ndeaya: โinongova chiitwa chekurongedzaโ; 'ichagadzira nzira dzekuita sarudzo dzakasimba'; โzvirongwa zvemauto zviri kuwedzeredzwaโ, โvanopikisa kubvisa pamuviri chete ndivo vari kurambaโ uye zvichingodaro. Zvisinei, Vatungamiri veEU pachavo vanotaura zvakasiyana uye zvinokatyamadza kuona zvavanga vachitaura pamusoro pedu.
Saka chii chitsva?
Uyu ndiye chibvumirano chaicho iyo yakavhoterwa kekupedzisira. Hapana kana chimwe chezvinetsekera zvataiva nazvo panguva iyoyo chakagadziriswa. MuUK's House of Lords, Baroness Kinnock yasimbiswa izvo 'zvivimbiso' zvinopiwa kuhurumende yeIrish munguva zvematongerwo enyika pantomime yakanangana nekudzikamisa kusava nechokwadi kwevavhoti, hazvinei uye hazvizove nechero chinhu paChibvumirano.
Minister we Europe (Baroness Kinnock weHolyhead):
Vanashe vangu, June European Council yakakurukura uye yakabvumirana vimbiso yaidiwa neHurumende yeIrish kuitira kugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvevanhu veIrish nezve. Lisbon chibvumirano. The European Council mhedziso dzinoti sarudzo,
"inopa vimbiso yepamutemo yekuti zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nevanhu veIrish hazvizokanganiswa nekupinda musimba kweChibvumirano cheLisbon".
Izvozvo zvivimbiso hazvichinje Lisbon chibvumirano; iyo European Council mhedziso dzakajeka kwazvo pavari. The Lisbon chibvumirano, sekukakavadzana uye kusarudzwa neParamende yedu, hachizoshandurwe uye, pahwaro hwezvivimbiso izvi, Ayarendi icharamba iine referendamu yechipiri muna Gumiguru.
Mutungamiriri wehurumende, Gordon Brown akadzokorora izvi mu UKImba yeCommons. Izvo 'zvivimbiso' hazvina zvazvinoreva, kunyange zvazvo Taoiseach Brian Cowen akanga aedza kuti vawedzere kuChibvumirano seprotocol. Iye zvino dzakaderedzwa kusvika pachimiro chezvizivisowo zvacho pasina chokwadi pamusoro pokuti rini kana kuti kana dzingava nomugumisiro upi noupi wepamutemo. Relations between the UK uye vatungamiriri veIrish vaive vakati kushungurudzika panguva idzi nedzimwe nhaurirano.
Kana vanhu vaine hanya kuchengetedza chero chisaririra cheruvengo nekuenzanisa kwave kuinako neEU kusvika pari zvino, chekupedzisira chavanofanira kuita kuvhotera bumbiro remitemo rinosiririsa, rinofarira mabhizimisi mumabhuku emitemo. Referendamu inofanirwa kuitika muna Gumiguru 2nd uye nhanho yekudheererwa kwenhau yeNo voters iko zvino yave kuwedzera kunyomba uye kupisa. Boka diki nerakapusa reCatholic COIR rinopikisa Chibvumirano ichi nekutyira kuti chichabvisa pamuviri uye 'vanobva kune dzimwe nyika' ndivo vanonyanya kunyombwa nevezvenhau mukuedza kuratidza kuti vese vasiri varatidziri. I makwikwi pakati pevapfumi nevarombo, vane simba ne vasina simba โ ine vanhu vari pakati nepakati vari kuzununguka vari kutyaira sekare โ tisina chokwadi kuti ndeipi nzira yekusvetuka. Zvinoita sekuti mhinduro inogona kuuya pasina chimwe kunze kwemwero iyo vazhinji vari muboka iri vanonzwa vaine inshuwarisi yehupfumi zvakakwana kuti vatore njuga pakugamuchira zvipikirwa uye kuvimbiswa kwevezvematongerwo enyika nezveChibvumirano cheLisbon. Vamwe zvakare vakagadzirira kutora Chibvumirano cheLisbon nevanozvitsigira pamutengo chaiwo. Kana kuti zvimwe vamwe vavo vanenge vachibhejera pfungwa yekuti zvikepe zvavo zvichayangarara kunyangwe mamwe akanyura. Chero kufunga kwavo, vanobatira ramangwana redu mumaoko avo.
Miriam Cotton, Gunyana 2009
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