Kushungurudzwa kwepabonde pakati pemauto harisi dambudziko idzva. Idambudziko riri muhurongwa izvo zvave kuda kuti mauto aite zviziviso zvawo zvepagore nezvedambudziko iri.
Mhirizhonga ye2003 yeAir Force Academy yakakurudzira bazi rezvekudzivirirwa kuti riise mutemo mu2004 National Defence Authorization Act uyo waida kuti kuferefetwa uye mishumo yekushungurudzwa kwepabonde nekurwiswa mukati mezvikoro zvemauto zveUS zviunzwe. Kutambura kwemunhu, zvisinei, kunoparadza.
Murwi akapona mukukuvara kwepabonde (MST) Susan Avila-Smith ndiye mutungamiriri weboka revarwi vehondo reVakadzi Vanoronga Vakadzi. Anga achishandira vanhukadzi uye zviuru zvevatengi vechirume mumatanho akasiyana ekupora kubva kuMST kwemakore gumi nemashanu uye anoziva nezvemhedzisiro yayo padhuze.
"Vanhu havagone kufunga kuti vanhu ava vakuvadzwa zvakadii," akaudza Al Jazeera, "Pavanhu zviuru zvitatu vandakashanda navo, mumwe chete ndiye anoshandirwa. Combat trauma yakaipa zvakakwana, asi neMST haisi muvengi, vakomana vedu vari kuzviita. Uri kurwisana neshamwari dzako, vezera rako, vanhu vawakaudzwa kuti vane musana. Kunyengera ikoko, saka kupengeswa kubva kumurairo, ivo vanodaro, kwakaipisisa kupfuura kubatwa chibharo pachayo. "
Musi waZvita 13, American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) nemamwe mapoka vakamhan'ara kumatare edzimhosva vachitsvaga zvinyorwa zvePentagon kuitira kuti vawane chokwadi chechiitiko chekushungurudzwa kwepabonde mumapoka.
Pentagon yakaramba ichiramba kuburitsa marekodhi anonyora zvizere dambudziko uye kuti rinogadziriswa sei. Kushungurudzwa pabonde kwevakadzi muuto reUS kwave kuda kuoneka, asi nezvevanhurume vakashungurudzwa pane kunyarara zvachose.
Pack Parachute, isiri purofiti muSeattle, inobatsira veterans vanopona pabonde. Muvambi wayo Kira Mountjoy-Pepka, akabatwa chibharo secadet paAir Force Academy. Muna Chikunguru 2003 aive nhengo yechikwata chema cadet echikadzi akasarudzwa naDonald Rumsfeld, panguva iyoyo semunyori wezvekudzivirirwa, kuti vataure nyaya dzavo dzekubatwa chibharo. Kuburitswa kwenhau kwakatevera uye kuferefetwa kwePentagon kwakamanikidza academy kuita shanduko huru dzambotaurwa.
Mharidzo inoratidza nhamba dzinotyisa
Mountjoy-Pepka inowanzoshanda nevapukunyuki vechirume veMST. Akataura mubvunzurudzo parunhare kuti zvikamu zvina kubva muzana zvevarume vari muchiuto vanosangana neMST. "Vazhinji vanosarudza kusataura nezvazvo kusvika vabuda muchiuto, zvakanyanya nekuti post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) mune inodarika makumi matanhatu muzana yenyaya dzeMST yakawandisa," akaudza Al Jazeera.
Svondo rapfuura Pentagon yakaburitsa "mushumo wepagore wekushungurudzwa kwepabonde uye mhirizhonga kuzvikoro zvemauto". Pazvikoro zvaro zvitatu, nhamba yemishumo yekubatwa chibharo uye kushungurudzwa yakakwira zvinoshamisa 64 muzana kubva gore rapfuura.
Chirevo ichi chinopa kuwedzera kukuru kwekutaura kuri nani kwezviitiko nekuda kwekuwedzera kudzidziswa uye dzidzo pamusoro pekushungurudzwa kwepabonde nekushungurudzwa. Veteran's Administration (VA) nhamba dzinoratidza kuti vanopfuura makumi mashanu muzana vevakarwa hondo vanovheneka vane MST varume.
Sekureva kweUS Census Bureau, kune vangangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nemaviri veterans vachienzaniswa nevasingasviki mamirioni maviri veti veti.
Muchipupuriro cheCongressional muzhizha re2008, Lt. Gen. Rochelle, mukuru wemauto, akataura zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nhamba yekuti 12 muzana (inoda kusvika 260) ye2,200 yakashumwa kubatwa chibharo muchiuto muna 2007 yakashumwa nevarume vehondo.
Nekuda kwenhamba yavo huru muchiuto, varume vazhinji (pakufungidzira kwakashata mumwe mumakumi maviri), vakawana MST kupfuura vakadzi.
Nyarai akanyarara
Billy Capshaw aive nemakore gumi nemanomwe paakapinda muChiuto muna 17. Mushure mekudzidziswa sachiremba akachinjirwa kuBaumholder, Germany. Waaigara naye, Jeffrey Dahmer, nekuda kwehukuru hwake akave nechokwadi chekuti Capshaw yakanga isina basa rekuita, isina tsamba, uye isina mubhadharo. Sezvo abvisa zvachose mushonga wechidiki, Dahmer aigara achimubata chibharo, achimubata chibharo, uye achimutambudza.
Dahmer akaenderera mberi achive mhondi ine mukurumbira wakashata uye mutadzi wepabonde akaponda vakomana nevarume gumi nevanomwe asati arohwa kusvika afa nemusungwa kuColumbia Correction Institution muna 17.
Capshaw anorangarira shure, โPazera jaya iroro ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti ndoita sei nazvo. Mukuru wangu haana kundidavira. Hapana akandibatsira, kunyange zvazvo ndaikumbira uye ndichikumbira.โ
Hondo inopedza simba yeupenyu hwese iyo Capshaw yakatarisana nayo yakajairika pakati pevakapona mukurwiswa nemauto.
Gare gare panguva yekurapa aifanira kuenda kuruzhinji. Kubva ipapo anoti, โNdakataura nevarume vakawanda, vazhinji vacho vari varwi, vanobatwa chibharo asi vasingabudi pachena nenyaya yavo. Nyadzi dzega dzakawandisa."
Muna 1985 Michael Warren akapinda muuto remugungwa uye kwemakore matatu akashanda semuchairi wepasi pemvura mungarava yenyukireya. Rimwe zuva akamuka akawana mumwe musoja achimuridzira pfuti.
Anoyeuka nekutya kuti, โNdakapera simba nokutya. Ndakanga ndisina kutendaโฆ shame. Pandakanomhanโara kuna sabhuku vakati better ndigadzirise ndabuda. Hapana akandibatsira, kunyange mufundisi wacho. Mukuru wepa processing centre aisanditarisa kumeso. Pandakazozadzisa zvandaida ivo havana kundidaira. Zvinoshungurudza zvikuru.โ
Armando Javier akanga ari basa rinoshanda Marine kubva 1990 kusvika 1994. Akanga ari Lance Corporal paCamp Lejeune muna 1993 paakabatwa chibharo.
Vashanu veMarines vakasvetukira Javier ndokumurova kusvika ave kufenda, vasati vachinjana kumubata chibharo. Rondedzero yake yekubatwa chibharo inoti, โMumwe wavo, mushandirapamwe, akabura kabudura kangu ndokuraira vamwe kuti 'Torai girizi'. Mumwe mukuru akaraira mumwe munhu kuti auye netsvimbo. Vakatanga kupinza mboro mubeche rangu. Vanhu vaivapo pamutambo uyu unosiririsa uye wakafanana netsika vakatanga kuseka, kupembera, nekuseka, vachiti โstick emโ โ stick-emโ.โ
Kunyara kwakanyanya uye kushungurudzika zvakamumanikidza kuti asaburitse mhosva kune chero ani zvake kunze kweshamwari yake muchikwata chake. Akanyora munhoroondo yake, kuti: โChiitiko changu chakandisiya ndaparara mumuviri, mupfungwa, uye mumudzimu. Ndakaitwa hutsinye uye ndakaitirwa hutsinye hwekupedzisira, nevandiparadziโฆ Ndakanyara nekunyara uye ndaisaziva zvekuita. Ndaiva mudiki panguva iyoyo. Uye kuva chikamu chesangano repamusoro rinokoshesa uhama, kuvimbika uye kutendeka kwakaita kuti zviome kuburitsa pachena zvakaitika.โ
Chokwadi chekusaenzana
Madzimai muAmerica akatanga kubvumidzwa kupinda muchiuto munguva yehondo yeChimurenga muna 1775 uye kurwadziwa kwavo kwatokura. Vadzidzisi veDrill vanodzidzisa vatsva mairi pakutanga nekugara vachivadaidza se "musikana," "pussy," "bitch," uye "dyke."
A Command Sajeni Major akaudza Catherine Jayne West weMississippi National Guard, โHakuchina asi nzvimbo mbiri dzevakadzi โ mukicheni kana muimba yekurara. Vakadzi havana nzvimbo muchiuto.โ
Akabatwa chibharo nemumwe musoja Private First Kirasi Kevin Lemeiux, paCamp Anaconda, kuchamhembe kweBaghdad. Gweta redziviriro mudare raingoda kuziva kuti sei, senhengo yeuto, akanga asina kurwisa.
Mangwanani akatevera kubatwa chibharo, mumwe chiremba weuto akamuongorora zvakakwana. Chikwata chemauto chekuferefeta mhosva chakagumisa kuti nyaya yake yaive yechokwadi. Uyezve, Lemeiux akanga azvitutumadza nezvechiitiko chacho kushamwari dzake uye vakanga vamupandukira. Zvaiita senyaya yakavharwa, asi mudare redziviriri akataura kuti idi rokuti West akanga asina kurwisa panguva yokubatwa chibharo ndicho chakamupa mhosva. Mukuwedzera, mukuru wake mukuru naSajeni Wokutanga vakazivisa, mudare, kuti akanga ari โmukadzi anofeva.โ
Mukupesana, Lemeiux, pashure pokutonga kwedare rechitatu, akakwidziridzwa kuva Nyanzvi. Ukuwo gweta rake rakapinda mukuteterera kweupengo.
Akazowanikwa aine mhosva yekuba asi kwete kubata chibharo, zvisinei nekubvuma kwake mhosva iyi. Akapiwa makore matatu okuba, hafu yacho akadzingwa.
Kubata kwenguva refu kweMST
Jasmine Black, nyanzvi yezvevashandi muArmy National Guard kubva muna Chikumi 2006 kusvika Gunyana 2008 akabatwa chibharo nemumwe musoja mubattalion yake paakanga ari muFort Jackson, South Carolina. Akazvimhan'arira kuMurongi wake weSexual Assault Response Coordinator (SARC) neMapurisa eMasoja, asi mupari wemhosva haana kuunzwa.
Mushure mekukurumidza kubuda nekuda kweMST uye kurapwa panzvimbo yePTSD Residential Rehabilitation Treatment Programme (PRRTP), akabatwa chibharo zvakare nenhengo yepamusoro-soro yemauto emuchadenga muna Kukadzi 2009.
Administrator yehondo yekuraira engineering unit muKnoxville, Tennessee, Tracey Harmon haana manyepo. โKumadzimai ari muchiuto, unenge uri hure, dhiki kana hure. Ukarara nemunhu mumwechete muchikwata chako uri hure. Kana uri ngochani uri dhayi, uye ukasavata nemamwe masoja uri hure.โ
Maricela Guzman akashanda muchiuto kubva 1998 kusvika 2002 senyanzvi yemakombuta pachitsuwa cheDiego Garcia. Akabatwa chibharo ari mumusasa webhutsu, asi kutya mhedzisiro kwakamutadzisa kutaura nezvazvo kwenguva yake yese muchiuto. โNdakararama nokuva munhu anopindwa muropa nebasa uye ndakawana mibayiro yakawanda somusoja nokuda kwetsika dzangu dzebasa.โ
Pakupupurira mabatiro aaiita vagari venzvimbo muDiego Garcia, akasarudza kusiya chiuto. Mushure mekusunungurwa, hupenyu hwake hwakave husingagadzirike. Akarambana, akapukunyuka kuedza kuzviuraya kwakakundikana uye akashaya pokugara asati asarudza kunogara nevabereki vake. Kusangana nemukana wechikadzi murwi pachiitiko chezvematongerwo enyika muLos Angeles kwakamukurudzira kuti abate VA kuti abatsirwe. Murapi wake ipapo akamuwana aine PTSD kubva mukubatwa chibharo kwaakaitwa.
VA akaramba zvaakataura zvakadaro, โNekuti vakati handikwanise kuzvisimbisaโฆ sezvo ndakanga ndisina kuzvitaura pazvakaitika uyezve nekuti ndakanga ndisina kuratidza hunhu hwakatsauka ndiri mubasa. Ndakashatirwa uye ndakanzwa ndichifanira kutaura pamusoro pezvakaitika.โ
Kunyange zvichienda kune chero hurefu kuchengetedza ruzhinji kunyarara pamusoro penyaya, muchina wemauto hauna kushushikana kwakadaro mukati memikoridho yavo. Guzman anoburitsa pachena kuti, โKuburikidza neguyo remakuhwa tainzwa nezvevakadzi vaiti vakabatwa chibharo. Hapana kuvanzika kwakachengetwa kana chero dziviriro yakapihwa kune vakabatwa. Tsika dzechikwata chevakomana dzakasimba uye makwikwi ega. Izvi zvinomanikidza vakawanda kuti vasamhanโara kubatwa chibharo, nokuti imhosva uye zvinogona kukanganisa basa rako.โ
Bazi rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika rakashuma kuti mugore rezvemari 2009, pakanga paine mishumo ye3,230 yekushungurudzwa kwepabonde, kuwedzera kwe11 muzana kupfuura gore rapfuura.
Nekudaro, nepamusoro sehuwandu hwemauto echibharo nekubatwa chibharo, vakabatwa uye vamiriri Al Jazeera vakataura vachitenda kuti nhamba chaidzo dzine chokwadi chekukwira.
Veteran April Fitzsimmons, mumwe akabatwa chibharo, anoziva kuti ihondo yakakwira kuti vakadzi vatore hurongwa hwemauto. โKana vakakuvadzwa vakabuda pachena, vanodzingwa uye kuparadzaniswa nenharaunda dzavanogara. Vazhinji vevapari vemhosva mapurisa anoshandisa zvinzvimbo zvavo kumanikidza vanhukadzi kuti varare navo. Inharaunda yakanyatsopindirana, saka vakachengeteka uye vanofamba vasingatyi pakati pevakabatwa. "
Zano rake kune vakadzi vanofunga kujoinha mauto eUS?
โDambudziko iri rakakura zvekuti ndiri kuudza madzimai kuti vasangopinda muchiuto nekuti hazvina kuchengetedzeka zvachose uye zvinovaisa panjodzi. Kusvikira chimwe chinhu chachinja kumusoro, hapana mukadzi anofanira kupinda muchiuto. "
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta