Kupinda kwevanhu munyika kwaZvita kuSwift & Co, uye kuwedzera kwekuita basa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, idambudziko rekurwisa kuyedza kwevashandi kuronga vashandi vanotambira mari shoma.
Vashandi vasina magwaro vanosanganisira chikamu chakakura chevashandi mumaindasitiri mazhinji anotarirwa kurongeka nemasangano anosanganisira kuchenesa makondirakiti, mahotera, kutakura nyama, kugadzira chikafu, indasitiri yemagetsi, nekuwachisa mbatya. Kupambwa kuchaita kuti vashandi vanzwe kusachengeteka uye zvinogona kuita kuti vasade kutora mikana inodiwa kuronga. Kupambwa uku kunogonawo kuita kuti vashandirwi vade kushandisa chinzvimbo chekubuda kunze kwenyika sekirabhu kutadzisa kuronga uye kuda kushandira pamwe nevakuru veimmigration kuti vazvidzivirire kubva pakupomerwa kana kumatare. Kana chikamu chikuru chevashandi vakanzwa panjodzi, vashandi vese vachakuvadzwa sezvo mikana yekubudirira kuronga mishandirapamwe ichadzikiswa zvakanyanya.
Sangano reUnited Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) rinomiririra vashandi pa5 yezvidyarwa zve6 rakatsvaga hukasha hwekudzivirira mutemo uye nzira yekutsigira vashandi vakabatwa mumhirizhonga. Asi nezvakawanda zviri mungozi mhinduro nebato revashandi rose zvaro yave ichitya zvinoshamisa. Masangano aya akataura akanyanya kuburitsa mapepanhau ekushoropodza kupambwa uku uye kudaidza Congress kuti iite danho rekugadzirisa zvematongerwo enyika. Izvozvo hazvina kukwana.
Muchokwadi, kupambwa kunopawo mukana wakanaka wevashandi kuti vagadzirise gakava rekubvakacha nemazano matsva uye chiito chitsva. Kurwisa kwacho kwaiva kuzvidza tsika dzevanhu vose. Vakanga vari kurwisa kodzero dzevanhu, kodzero dzevashandi, uye pfungwa yekuenzanisa mukuitwa kwemutemo. Kurwiswa kwakaitwa pasi pekunyepedzera kwenhema - vashoma chete veavo vakabatwa mumhirizhonga vakapomerwa "kubiwa kwekuzivikanwa" - chikonzero chinoratidzika chekurwisa; uye vaive nerusarura-vakuru vekambani vakavaka hurongwa hwese hwevashandi muindasitiri yekurongedzera nyama vachiziva nezvevashandi vasina magwaro vakabuda vakasununguka.
Sechikamu chekugadzirisa zvakare nyaya yekubvakacha, vatungamiriri vevashandi vanofanirwa kubatana nevashandi vanobva munharaunda dzakakanganiswa, munharaunda dzakakanganiswa. Vanofanirwa kuratidza pachena kutsigira avo vakatsvairwa mumhirizhonga, vazhinji vavo vasingachashandi uye vakatarisana nekudzingwa. Uye - zvakanyanya kukosha - vanofanirwa kusimbisa kuti kurwiswa kunokanganisa mamiriro ekushanda kune vese vashandi - kwete vabvakure vasina magwaro chete. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeyekuita misangano yeruzhinji umo vashandi muindasitiri - vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevasiri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika - vanotaura nyaya dzavo. Kuitwa nemazvo, kugadzirisa zvakare nyaya yekubvakacha kunogona kubatsira kuvaka mubatanidzwa pakati pevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevasiri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuitira shanduko chaiyo yekubvakacha uye kusimbisa hukama hwevashandi nenharaunda dzevatorwa mumagakava emitemo ari kuuya uye sarudzo dza2008.
Mitemo yezvino yekubvakacha inoshanda zvakashata sezvavanoita kwemakore. Kuvandudzwa kunodiwa, asi โdambudzikoโ rekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika rinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuedza kwebato reRepublican kuti rikuchidzire moto wekukura, asi zvichiripo, kupokana nevanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vasina magwaro kuti vagadzirise nyaya panguva yesarudzo dza2006. Vakakanganisa kuverenga. Kudzokera kumashure chaiko kwaive pakati pemamiriyoni evavhoti veSpanish, vazhinji vavo vakavhotera Republican musarudzo dzakapfuura dzakavhotera Democratic panguva ino. Zvakangodaro, hazvirambike kuti maNativist vakaisa muchetura gakava renyika pamusoro pekuchinja kwekubvakacha uye vazhinji vanoshanda neboka repakati - vane kushushikana kwechokwadi nezvekudyidzana kwepasirese uye hupfumi - vari kuteerera kune vakaomarara.
Sesangano rakatemerwa magariro evanhu rinomiririra kufarira kwevashandi mumagakava emitemo panyaya dzebasa nemabasa, bato revashandi rinofanirwa kuenderera mberi uye kutora basa raro rekubatsira kugadzira mutemo wevashandi wekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika. Sesangano rinomiririra vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevasiri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, sesangano rine hukama kune vangango batana munyika dzinotumira, uye sesangano rine simba idzva rezvematongerwo enyika muCongress ino, bato revashandi riri pachinzvimbo chakakwana chekudaidzira gakava rechokwadi pamusoro pe. shanduko yekubvakacha.
Heano mamwe mazano ekubatsira kugadzirisa gakava rakadai.
Vashandi vanofanira kuda kuti kupambwa kumiswe. Dambudziko riripo rekupinda nekubuda kwevanhu munyika imhaka yekuita kwekuziva - uye kusaita - kudivi rehurumende mudunhu rese, remabhizinesi ari kutsvaga basa rakachipa, revashandi vari kutsvaga mabasa kwese kwavanoawana, kwevatengi vari kutsvaga zvinhu zvakachipa. Kusarudza avo vanotambura zvakanyanya - vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nemhuri dzavo - sembudzi dzehurongwa hwese zvinotyora chero mwero unogamuchirwa wehunhu. Nhaurirano ine musoro pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwekubvakacha haigone kuitwa nevakuru veimmigration vakagadzirira kuparadza magedhi ezvirimwa.
Pane hwaro hwemubatanidzwa pakati pevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevakasimbiswa. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzevatorwa uye vanofambira mberi havafanire kuregedza boka rekushanda rakasimbiswa kune verudyi-bapiro rekuzvarwa. Vashandi vekuUS - pamwe nekuti vazhinji vane midzi yekubva kune dzimwe nyika - vanogona kuve mubatsiri mukurwira shanduko sebasa rinofambira mberi remibatanidzwa yeUS mugakava riripo rinoratidza. Asi kutya kuti vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanotora mabasa uye kuderedza mihoro kunofanirwa kutorwa zvakanyanya. Mutemo weImigration unofanirwa kusimbisa kodzero dzevashandi vevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kuchengetedza chiremera chavo chevanhu uye kuchengetedza mihoro nemamiriro ekushanda evashandi vakagadzwa.
Chero chirongwa chakazara chekuenda kune dzimwe nyika chichava chikonzero chekubvumirana pakati pevashandi - vese vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vakasimbiswa - vashandirwi, uye vezvematongerwo enyika. Chigumisiro hachizove chakakwana, asi chinogona kuva chinogutsa. Vashandirwi vanoda vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika; vashandi vanoda mabasa. Zvido zvevose zviri zviviri zvinopesana nekodzero-bapiro anti-immigrant ideologues. Asi yave nguva yekubvisa gakava riripo rakatetepa rinotenderera neruregerero rushoma, nhare yeAmerica, uye chirongwa chevashandi vevaenzi. Chirongwa chakakwana chinodiwa chinogadzirisa zvinonetsa kune vese vane chekuita muUS uye nyika dzinotumira.
Mitemo inotsigirwa neUS uye yakarongwa muzvibvumirano zvakaita seNAFTA chinhu chakakosha kusundira vanoenda kuchamhembe. NAFTA yakabatsira kusimudzira mamirioni maviri evarimi kubva munyika muMexico uye yakamanikidza makambani mazhinji eMexico kunze kwebhizinesi nekuti aisakwanisa kukwikwidza nemitengo inodhura. Kunyange zvazvo NAFTA yakatorwa senzira yekunonoka kutamira kuchamhembe, yakaita zvakasiyana. Inzwi guru rinoyamwa iro vazhinji vaifunga kuti NAFTA yaizoburitsa rakazove shoma kubva kumabasa anoenda kumaodzanyemba pane kubva kuvashandi vakananga kuchamhembe. Muna 1995 kwaive nemamiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu evashandi vekuMexico vasina magwaro muUS, makore gumi gare gare kwaive nemamiriyoni gumi nemazana mashanu. Chero mhinduro kudambudziko rekupinda munyika inofanirwa kutanga nekunyorazve NAFTA. Nekuchinja kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri kuitika muLatin America, yave nguva yekutarisa patsva nzira nyowani dzezvehupfumi dzepasi penyika dzinogona kuita kuti vanhu vagare zvakanaka pamba vasingavimbi nekutama kana mari kubva kuUS kana kumwewo.
Mune mamwe maindasitiri uye dzimwe nzvimbo kwatove nemusika wevashandi wehemispheric. Mune mamwe mabasa vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vasina mapepa vanoumba chikamu chikuru kubva muzana chevashandi. Vanosvika zvikamu makumi maviri nezvina kubva muzana (24%) zvevashandi vepamapurazi vari vatorwa vasina magwaro; 17% yevose vanochenesa; 14% yevashandi vese vekuvaka; uye 12% yevashandi vese vekugadzira chikafu. Tichinyatsotarisisa mabasa mukati mezvikamu izvi 36% yevashandi vese veinsulation; 29% yevose vari padenga nevashandi ve drywall; uye 27% yevose mabhucha nevagadziri vezvokudya havana kunyorwa. Mitemo yenyika haina kufambirana nehuchokwadi hwemisika yevashandi vepasi rose. Chiri kudiwa pari zvino mitemo nemirau inovimbisa vashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika kodzero dzevanhu nedzevashandi dzinodiwa kuti vashande uye vagare vaine chiremerera.
Shanduko yeImigration inofanirwa kuve hemispheric muhukuru. Nhanho munzira yekuziva iyo hemispheric uye yepasi rose mamiriro eiyo immigration nyaya yakatotorwa. Hurumende dzemarudzi eLatin America dzinotumira vanoenda kuUS dzakabatana kuti dzipokane nemabhiri akanyanya ekugadzirisa vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika aive pamberi peCongress yekupedzisira. Kuziva uku kuti kubuda kwevanhu kune dzimwe nyika haisisiri nyaya yenyika kunofanira kukurudzira sangano revashandi nemagariro evanhu muLatin America neUnited States kuti vadaidze musangano wehemispheric wemibatanidzwa nemagariro evanhu kuti vabatsire kunyora chirongwa chevashandi uye vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vane hushamwari. Mibatanidzwa nemafambisirwo emagariro havafanirwe kusiya shanduko yekubvakacha kune vanoita sarudzo vepamusoro mungave muUS kana muhemisphere.
Kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwemuganho kunotadza kuita kuti vabvakure vasina magwaro vabude, asi zvinovaita kuti vapinde. Vashandi vanofanirwa kumira kutenderera kune mhomho yemapurisa uye kuvaendesa mugakava remitemo rinotanga nengano yekuti kuwedzera kutevedza muganho chikamu chemhinduro. Chokwadi chinotaura zvakasiyana. Huwandu hwevashandi vepabhodha patrol hwakawedzera kubva panosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu kuma2,500 kusvika zviuru gumi nezviviri nhasi. Kupfuura-zvese kushandisa pakuchengetedza muganhu kubva mukupera kwema1980 kwakawedzera 12,000%. Imwe mhedzisiro ndeyekuti mutengo wekuyambuka kune mutorwa asina kunyoreswa nhasi ungangoita $1980. Sekureva kwaPrinceton nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Douglas Massey 500s ingangoita hafu yevose vasina kunyoreswa vekuMexico vakadzokera kumusha mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri, asi pakazosvika 2,500 muyero wekudzoka waingova 1980%. Imhaka yekuti kunyangwe iyo yakawedzera kumanikidza isingachengetedze vanhu kunze, inovachengeta mukati nekuita kuti zvidhure uye zvine njodzi kuti vadzokere kumusha kwavo. Saka mhedzisiro yekuwedzera chengetedzo yemuganho ndeyekuwedzera huwandu hwevashandi vasina magwaro muUS. Kusunga muganho zvine mutsindo kunoda kurwiswa kukuru kwerusununguko rwevanhu uye mitengo isingagamuchirwe yehupfumi neyezvematongerwo enyika muUS nekune dzimwe nyika - uye mhedzisiro yazvo ingave yekuchengeta vakatowanda vasina magwaro kuti vadzokere kumusha.
Kungomisa kutama kwevanhu vasina magwaro kunenge kwakanganisa hupfumi hweMexico neCentral America. Mari inotumirwa kubva kuUS inopa yechipiri yakakura sosi yemari yekunze muMexico mushure memafuta. Vanosvika 18% yevakuru vekuMexico - uye 29% yevakuru veSalvador - vanogamuchira mari kubva kune mumwe munhu muUS. Mari idzi dzinotumirwa dzakakosha kutsigira mhuri nekuvaka nharaunda. Kuvhara kuyerera kwaizogadzira kuoma uye kusagadzikana muMexico neCentral America. Pane kudaro nzira dzinoda kuwanikwa kuti dzigadzirise mafambiro emari dzinotumirwa uye kuti dzive chikamu chehurongwa hutsva hwekuvandudza hupfumi hunodzishandisa kupa zvikwereti zvinovaka magariro evanhu.
Chirongwa chinogona kugadzirwa chinomiririra zvinofarirwa nevashandi vakasimbiswa vemuUS, vabvakure vasina magwaro, uye maLatin America. Zvavanofarira zvinogona kusangana neizvo zvevashandirwi vekuUS panyaya iyi. Zvinotaurwa neve nativist ideologues kutaura nezvevashandi vekuAmerica zvinogona kushorwa. Kana hwaro hwechirongwa chakadaro dzikaiswa iko zvino, mubatanidzwa wevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika nevakagadziridzwa vanogona kutora danho rekuumba mutemo unofambira mberi wekubvakacha mumakore mashoma anotevera.
Tim Costello, Jeremy Brecher naBrendan Smith ndivo vavambi veGlobal Labor Strategies, nzvimbo yezviwanikwa inopa tsvakiridzo uye ongororo pakudyidzana kwepasi rose, kutengeserana uye nyaya dzebasa. Vashandi veGLS vakabudisa mishumo yakawanda yapfuura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nebasa, kusanganisira Outsource This! Vashandi veAmerica, Kushaikwa Kwemabasa, uye Iyo Fair Globalization Solution, Vashandi Vanorwisana Vanorwira Kurongeka, uye Kurwa Paunenge Wakamira!: Sei Kudyidzana Kwepasirese Kuchikosha Munharaunda Yako Nenzvimbo Yebasa. Ivo vakanyorawo uye vakagadzira iyo Emmy-akasarudzwa PBS chinyorwa Global Village kana Global Pillage? GLS ine mahofisi muNew York, Boston, uye Montevideo, Uruguay. Kuti uwane zvakawanda nezve GLS shanya: www.laborstrategies.blogs.com kana email [email inodzivirirwa]
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