Ndiko kunhuwa kwekumuka kwekofi kunofamba nepakati pemahoro ePentagon? Mushure memakore gumi nehafu yekukura kusingaenzaniswi kwebhajeti, vakuru veDziviriro veDziviriro vari kupedzisira vataura nezve kupera kwekushandisa kwavo kushandisa. Uye havasi voga.
Mumakore achangopfuura, maRepublicans neDemocrats muCongress uye anoteedzana manejimendi haana kungoramba achiramba kuedza kudzora kushandiswa kwePentagon, asi aigara achisundidzira mamwe madhora kuti aende mukuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza nyika. Uye vazhinji vavo vachiri.
Zvakangodaro, nemamiriro ehupfumi aripo ari kuunza kutambura, kuvharirwa, uye kushaikwa kwemabasa kumamirioni, uye kushushikana pamusoro pekushomeka kwekuwedzera pamwe nechikwereti chenyika chinokatyamadza, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvisina simba zvekushanduka kwemafungiro muWashington pamusoro penyaya yebhajeti yePentagon iri kuoneka. . Kushandiswa kwechiuto kunogona, kutaura zvazviri, kupedzisira kuchipinza nzira yayo mukukakavadzana kwakanyanya kwebhajeti. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza hwindo risingawanzo remukana, risingaenzaniswi kubva panguva iyo nhaurirano ye "rugare kupatsanurwa" yakapera muhuni isina makore makore mushure mekuparara kweSoviet Union uye kupera kweCold War.
Kukunda Nyika
Kukadzi apfuura, Mutungamiri Obama zvakaziviswa kugadzirwa kwe National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform kuraira hutongi hwake hutsva nezvesarudzo dzekugadzirisa chikwereti chenyika. Komisheni iyi ichangotanga nhaurirano dzayo uye dzimwe nhengo dzayo dziri kutaura pachena kuti, pavanenge vachifunga nezvesarudzo dzavo dzekubvisa mari yehurumende, "zvese zviri patafura," kusanganisira bhajeti remauto. MuWashington isu takaziva kubva pakataurwa nezve "runyararo chikamu" chakanyangarika, ichi chiri nyore chinokodzera sekuvhura maziso.
Mukupindura kuumbwa kwekomisheni, Congressman Barney Frank (D-MA), anogara achipikisa kushandiswa kwemauto zvisina basa, akadana boka renyanzvi dzezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, Sustainable Defense Task Force. Basa rayo nderekugadzira nhevedzano yekurudziro panzira yekucheka bhajeti rekudzivirira uchichengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Frank anoronga kuendesa kurudziro idzi kuKomisheni muna Chikumi.
Kana iwe uchida chiratidzo chekuti chimwe chinhu chiri kuchinja, saka tarisa iyo Pentagon pachayo. Vakuru vayo vepamusoro vari kutanga kuona kukosha kwekunyatsoongororazve nzira iyo Dhipatimendi reDziviriro rinoita bhizinesi raro. Munyori weDziviriro Robert Gates anoona zvakajeka runyoro pamadziro. Mukutevedzana kwekutaura kwekutanga-Chivabvu panguva iyo vaongorori veWashington vakadaidza kuti "Austerity Week," iye nevamwe vakuru vePentagon vakatanga kunyevera mauto kuti mazuva emauto ekushandisa asina hanya apera. Sezvakataurwa naSecretary Gates mune a Chivabvu 8 kutaura paEisenhower Presidential Library (nzvimbo yakanyatsosarudzwa kuyeuchidza mutungamiri akatanga kunyevera vanhu vekuAmerica nezve "mauto-industrial complex"): "Kurwiswa kwaSeptember 11, 2001, kwakazarura mari yakawanda yekudzivirira iyo yakada kupeta nheyo. bhajeti mumakore gumi apfuuraโฆ Gusher rakadzimwa, uye richagara rakadzima kwenguva yakanaka."
Pakutanga kwevhiki, in mazwi pamusangano wepagore weNavy League, Gates akataurawo nezve kudiwa kwebhajeti rePentagon rakaomesesa (kunyangwe yake iri pachena chiratidzo chekubata mutsara munguva dzakaoma panguva iyo bhajeti yakawedzera saizi). Akayambira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti magadzirirwo ezvombo makuru aizoongororwa zviri nani kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanda, akasangana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemishini, uye akazviita nemutengo unonzwisisika. Izvi zvaisambo shamisa, nekuti chingangoita chese chirongwa chikuru chezvombo chiri kuvandudzwa kana mukugadzirwa - kusanganisira nzvimbo yeNavy kwemakumi matatu anotevera, Littoral Combat Ship, uye Air Force's $325 bhiriyoni Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) chirongwa, chikuru. Pentagon zvombo chirongwa zvachose - yakanyanya kupfuura bhajeti uye kumashure kwehurongwa.
Chirevo chaKurume 2009 neGovernment Accountability Office (GAO) chakawana kuti mutengo wekutenga wePentagon's 96 huru zvirongwa zvezvombo wakakura ne25% muhupenyu hwavo. Pamusoro pezvo, 42% yavo yakanga yaona kukura kwemitengo inopfuura 25%. Iyo GAO yakaonawo kuti zvirongwa zvakadaro zvanga zvichiwedzera kumashure kwehurongwa kuendesa zvombo zvaive zvakagadzirira kushandiswa muhondo. Paavhareji, kunonoka kwechirongwa chegadziriro huru yezvombo yaive mwedzi makumi maviri nemaviri muna 22, kubva kumwedzi gumi nemisere muna 2008.
Mukugadzira nyaya yaimanikidza mabhajeti ePentagon hazvireve kuparara kwehutongi hwemauto eUS kune imwe kamuri yevatsigiri veNavy vakasimba, Gates akapa mamwe anokatyamadza manhamba nezveUS Navy/Marine Corps "kupfuura" munhandare yehondo (kusvika kwaakaita. mauto edu nekwaniso zvinodarika emamwe marudzi). Inopa pfungwa yakajeka yezvinoreva mauto overspending mukuita.
Heano mamwe echokwadi akapihwa Gates, akatorwa zvakananga kubva mukutaura kwake:
* IUS inoshanda gumi nerimwe makuru anotakura [ndege], ese ane simba renyukireya. Panyaya yehukuru uye simba rinorova, hapana imwe nyika ine chikepe chimwe chete chakaenzana.
* The US Navy ine gumi-hombe-deck amphibious ngarava dzinogona kushanda sezvigadziko zvegungwa zveherikoputa uye vertical-takeoff jets. Hapana mamwe mauto emugungwa ane anopfuura matatu, uye ese aya mauto emugungwa ndeevatinoshanda navo kana shamwari. Yedu Navy inogona kutakura ndege dzakapetwa kaviri mugungwa sedzimwe nyika dzese dzakasanganiswa.
* IUS ine makumi mashanu nenomwe ekurwisa-ane simba renyukireya uye cruise missile submarines - zvakare, kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzakasanganiswa.
* Varwi vane zvombo zveAegis vanosvika makumi manomwe nepfumbamwe vanotakura maseru anokandwa anosvika 8,000 20. Panyaya yemoto wakakwana, US ine nharo kupfuura makumi maviri anotevera makuru ehondo.
* Zvese zvataurwa, kutamiswa kwezvikepe zvehondo zveUS - mumiriri wezvakawanda zvezvikepe - zvinodarika, nefungidziro ichangoburwa, angangoita gumi nematatu anotevera akasanganiswa, ayo gumi nevaviri vanobatana nesu.
* Uye, pa202,000 XNUMX yakasimba, Marine Corps ndiro mauto makuru erudzi rwaro munyika uye anopfuura ukuru hwemauto mazhinji enyika.
Weapons Systems Anogara Achityora Bank
Uye ramba uchifunga, ingori Navy. Iyo yakafanana seti yezve overmatch chokwadi inogona kuunganidzirwa Hondo neMhepo Yemauto kana yekuwedzera mari yekushandisa muchiuto. Iyo nhanho ye "kuwedzeredza" inotonyanya kuoneka kana iwe uchifunga mashandisirwo emauto eUS achienzaniswa neayo epasirese. Maererano nenhamba dzichangoburwa kubva ku Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, United States inotora 42% yemari yose yehondo yepasi rose, inopfuura kudarika kushandiswa kwakabatanidzwa kwenyika 15 dzinotevera dzine simba zvikuru. United States nevabatsiri vayo vava kuita zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvekushandisa kwemauto pasi rose.
Gates akanongedza chigunwe chekupomera Congress, achiona kusada kwayo kuenda pamwe neakatemerwa akatemerwa akatemerwa mamwe masisitimu ezvombo, kusanganisira hofori. C-17 kutakura ndege uye neimwe nzira injini chirongwa che Joint Strike Fighter. (Iyo JSF inoshandisa injini yakagadzirwa naPratt & Whitney, asi vamwe muCongress vari kusundidzira Pentagon kutenga injini yakafanana yakagadzirwa neGeneral Electric zvakare, vachiti kuva nemajini maviri einjini kuchagadzira makwikwi uye kuchengetedza mari mukufamba kwenguva.)
Gates akasimbisawo kusada kweCongress kutsigira kuedza kwePentagon kuita kuwedzera zvine mwero mumaprimiyamu ehutano uye kubhadhara pamwe kwevakasiya mauto. Kuwedzerwa kuri kudiwa kunoitirwa kubatsira kudzora mitengo yehutano inokatyamadza yemauto, asi sezvakataurwa naGates, "Izvi [se] mazano anogara achifa rufu runonyadzisa paCapitol Hill."
Yekutanga DRM mhinduro pane zvitsva zveGates zvave zvisina kunaka. Senator Daniel Inouye (D-HI), anove Sachigaro weSeneti Appropriations Committee uye komiti yaro yezvidziviriro, aratidza kuti achatsigira imwezve kugadzirwa kweC-17 uye chirongwa cheJSF injini, kunyangwe chitsidzo cheGates chekukurudzira kuti Mutungamiri Obama avhote chero mutemo wekudzivirira. kutsigira zvirongwa izvi.
Kudivi reImba, makomiti madiki maviri ekomiti yeArmed Services akatsigira chirongwa cheJSF injini. Uye iyo Military Personnel komiti iri kukurudzira kuti mubhadharo we1.9% ukwidze nhengo dzese dzebasa, hafu yezana yakakwira pane yakakumbirwa nehutungamiriri - kunyangwe Gates asimudza kunetsekana pamusoro pemitengo yevashandi, achiti Pentagon's $ 50 bhiriyoni yekuchengetedza hutano "vari kudya Defence Department vapenyu."
Iyo C-17 chirongwa chave, chokwadi, chave chazvino poster mwana wePentagon pork barrel zvematongerwo enyika. Air Force yakanga yaronga kugumisa chirongwa muna 2007 pa 180 ndege - chikumbiro chePentagon chegore rezvemari 2007 chaisanganisira $ 2.9 bhiriyoni kune izvo zvaitora ndege gumi nembiri muchirongwa. Kubva ipapo, vatsigiri veC-C-12, iyo inogadzirwa neBoeing, vakapa mari yekuwedzera ndege makumi mana nematatu pamusoro pekupokana kwePentagon, kusvika kune inodarika madhora bhiriyoni gumi.
PaCapitol Hill, mauto akarongedzerwa kudzorwa kwemari mukati mebhajeti rePentagon ari kunetsa, kunyangwe kune munyori wezvekudzivirira ane rudzi rwekusimba Robert Gates anaro uye anongoda kudzoreredza madhora ekudzivirira kune zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvekurwa hondo. Vamwe vanyori vezvekudzivirirwa vanoedza kuita zvinhu zvakafanana munguva yakapfuura vakave nezviitiko zvakashata zvakafanana.
Mukutanga 1990s, semuenzaniso, ipapo-Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney aimanikidza kumisa akati wandei zvirongwa zvezvombo, kusanganisira Marine Corps 'V-22 "Osprey" tilt-rotor ndege. Vachipa humbowo pamberi peSeneti Armed Services Committee muna 1992, Cheney akati, "Congress yakandibvumidza kukanzura zvirongwa zvishoma, asi makapopotedzana uye dzimwe nguva makapopotedzana uye muchitengesa bhiza mukazondimanikidza kushandisa mari pazvombo zvisingazadzi. chinodiwa chakakosha munguva dzino dzebhajeti dzakasimba uye zvinodiwa zvitsvaโฆ Makandiraira kuti nditenge V-22, chirongwa chandisingade."
Usaite chikanganiso, Gates haana chinangwa chekupa Pentagon madhora kudzikisa chikwereti. Kuedza kwake kunongova kubvuma kwehupfumi hwenyika yedu husina kusimba, uye chokwadi chekuti madhora mashoma achave aripo kune chero chirongwa chehurumende, kunyangwe mauto anofarirwa. Iri rudzi rwePentagon re-budgeting yakafananidzwa nekuronga patsva macheya edhishi paTitanic. Zvinotaridza kushanduka kwezvinhu zvakakosha mukati meDhipatimendi reDziviriro izvo zvisingaswedere pedyo nekugadzirisa nyaya dzechokwadi dzakatarisana nenyika, kunyanya bhajeti rekudzivirira rakavharwa iro risisagoneke uye rinoisa mutoro uri kukura pane zvimwe zvirongwa zvemubatanidzwa.
Icho chokwadi chekuti kunyangwe vakuru veDhipatimendi reDziviriro vari kutanga kukurukura madhora mashoma ePentagon, zvisinei, zvinopa mukana kune veAmerica vane chinangwa chekudzora mari yakawandisa muchiuto. Mukana wanga watora nguva yakareba uchiuya, watova pachirongwa chenyika, uye, kana ukapotswa, inogona kunge iri nguva yakarebesa kuuya zvakare.
Christopher Hellman ishamwari yekutaurirana pa National Priorities Project muNorthampton, Massachusetts. Aimbove muongorori wezvemitemo yemauto kuCentre for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, Senior Research Analyst paCenter for Defense Information, uye akapedza makore gumi ari paCapitol Hill semushandi wekongiresi achishanda nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye nyaya dzemitemo yekunze. Iye anogaro taura nezvenhau pakuronga kwemauto, mutemo, uye nyaya dzebhajeti.
[Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kubuda Tomdispatch.com, weblog yeNational Institute, iyo inopa kuyerera kwakadzikama kwemamwe masosi, nhau, uye maonero kubva kuna Tom Engelhardt, mupepeti wenguva refu mukutsikisa, muvambi we iyo American Empire ProjectMuvambi Mugumo Wekukunda Muitiro, Se yerimwe novel, Mazuva Ekupedzisira Ekudhinda. Bhuku rake razvino ndere Iyo American Way of War: Hondo dzaBush dzakava sei dzaObama (Mabhuku eShimarket).]
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta