Kungodai usina kucherechedza, hutongi hwejekerere hwaive pavhoti musarudzo dzepakati petemu dza2022. Chisina kumboitika ruzhinji rwevamiriri kubva kune rimwe remapato maviri makuru ezvematongerwo enyika akazvipira kumitemo isina demokrasi nemhedzisiro. Unotofanira kudzokera kuDemocratic Party-inotongwa neSegregationist yeKumaodzanyemba kwema1950 kuti uwane ruzhinji rwakakura kudaro rwehutongi musarudzo dzemuAmerica. Nepo vavhoti vakadaro Mira vamwe vevakaramba sarudzo vane mukurumbira, vanorangana, uye vatendi vechokwadi vanotsigira Trump kubva pakutora zvigaro, vakawanda kwazvo vakawana zvigaro kumakongiresi, matunhu, nematunhu.
Verenga pachinhu chimwe: kufamba uku hakusi kuenda. Izvo hazvikundwi mukutenderera kwesarudzo uye usafunge kuti kutyisidzira kwehutongi hakusi kwechokwadi. Mushure mezvose, iko zvino inoumba hwaro hwezvematongerwo enyika eRepublican Party uye saka iri kunangana nechero chikamu chehupenyu hweveruzhinji. Hapana akazvipira kuhutongi hwezvido zvevanhu anofanira kuzorora zviri nyore apo network yevanorwira bapiro rekurudyi, vanopa mari, vezvenhau, vatongi, nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vachishanda nesimba kuti vawane simba rakawanda uye kuita hurongwa husina gutsaruzhinji.
Bato iri rakadzika midzi rakabva kumucheto kwehurongwa hwedu hwezvematongerwo enyika kuti rive musimboti weGOP. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, kubva kuMcCarthyism ye1950s kuenda kwaBarry Goldwater musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika muna 1964, kubva kuPresident Richard Nixon's Southern zano, Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan, uye Mutauriri weImba Newt Gingrich kuenda kuSeneti Vashoma Mutungamiri Mitch McConnell mu. yazvino Trumpian iteration, Republicans vane nguva refu zvakanangwa zvedemokrasi sezvipingamupinyi pakumisikidza neoliberal, nhangemutange-yakavakirwa vhezheni yeese-American authoritarianism. Uye bato iri rakapikiswa zvisina kusimba nevatungamiriri vazhinji veDemocratic Party uye kunyange vamwe vanofambira mberi. Usafunge nezve chiitiko ichi sechekurudyi-bapiro Conservativism, asi seimwe ine ngozi, kunyangwe ine mhirizhonga ine chinangwa chekupedzisira kupidigura hutongi hwejekerere. Shanduro yeAmerica yerudzi urwu rweudzvanyiriri hwesarudzo, yakadzika midzi muChristian nationalist populism, ine musimboti wayo wenhoroondo yekusundira kwevachena verudzi vachipokana nekurwira kururamisira kwerudzi.
Rusununguko Democracy kune Vamwe, Rudzi Rusununguko kune Vamwe
Rusununguko rwedemocracy rwakanga rwakundikana zvizvarwa zveAfrica America nevamwe vanhu vane ruvara, sezvazviri, zvakaita maNative America akaurayiwa kana kudzingwa kubva kunyika dzemadzitateguru avo. Yakakundikana veAfrica America neLatinos vakamanikidzwa kushanda pamapoka emaketani kana lynched (pasina vatadzi vanotambura chirango chiduku). Izvo zvakakundikana maAsia America akatumirwa zvine hutsinye kumisasa yevasungwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II uye vanhu vekuAsia vanowanzo buritswa pachena kubva kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika.
Mabhenefiti edemocracy yakasununguka - kutonga kwemutemo, kuzvidavirira kwehurumende, kupatsanurwa kwemasimba, nezvimwe zvakadaro - izvo zvakatambanudzirwa kuvachena vazhinji zvaivepo pamwe nehudzvanyiriri hwemarudzi hwairamba kodzero dzakakosha nedziviriro kumakumi emamiriyoni eAmerica. Kuvandudzwa kweCivil Rights yemakore ekuma1960 kwakakunda hutongi hwakareba, hwakanyanyisa-hwemutemo hwevasaruraganda uye husina hutongi hwejekerere, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva huri mubumbiro, masimba. Kekutanga kubvira pakupera kwenguva yeKuvaka Patsva, pakaitwa nhamburiko yakabatana yokuwedzera kodzero dzokuvhota, kupa rubatsiro rwemari, uye kugadzira mikana yedzidzo yeavo vakanga vachangosunungurwa kubva muuranda, zvakaratidzika kuti rudzi rwacho rwakanga rwagadzirira zvakare kuzvidavirira. rudzi rwekare nerazvino.
Asi, zvinosuruvarisa kuti vatsigiri voutongi hwoudzvinyiriri havana kumbonyangarika. Muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe, kuedza kwavo kunoratidzwa mumaitiro ekutonga uye hunhu hweRepublican Party, hwaro hwaro, uye masangano anonyanyisa anoenda naro, pamwe nenhau dziri kure-kurudyi, matangi ekufunga, uye nheyo dzinoperekedza. ivo. Padanho rega rega, kubva kumabhodhi ezvikoro zvemuno nemakanzuru emaguta kuenda kuCongress neWhite House, hutongi hwejekerere uye rusaruraganda rwahwo rwunosungirwa runoenderera mberi nekufambisa chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika cheGOP.
Kumukira kwechisimba kwaNdira 6, 2021, kwaingove kwakakwira (kana, zvichienderana nemaonero ako, yakaderera) munzvimbo yakarongwa kwenguva refu, yakawanda-dimensional, hyper-conservative, chena yekuedza kupidigura nyika yakagadziridzwa neMutungamiri Donald Trump, vatsigiri vake. , uye nhengo dzeRepublican Party. Kwaive kusiri kutanga kana kupera kwekuedza uku, kungotaura kwayo kwechisimba zvakanyanya - kusvika parizvino, zvirinani. Mushure mezvose, kuedza kwaVaTrump kupa mvumo kusarudzo kwakatanga kuiswa pachena paakati Barack Obama akanga arasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira uye akabira sarudzo dza 2012, zvekuti zvese zvanga zvave ".zvakazara sham. "
Munguva yemakakatanwa emutungamiri wenyika muna 2016, VaTrump vega vakataura kuti havaizozvipira kutsigira chero mumwe mumiriri semumiriri webato, sezvo - dingindira rinodzokororwa kwaari - aigona kungorasikirwa kana sarudzo dzikabirwa kana mumwe munhu akabiridzirwa. Akanyatso nzwisisa kuti hapazove nemhedzisiro kumaitiro akadaro ekutyora uye akataura zvenhema kuti akange angorasikirwa neIowa caucus kuna Senator Ted Cruz nekuti "akachiba.โ Mushure mekurasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira asi achikunda Electoral College muna 2016, Trump akaramba achinyunyuta kuti angadai akahwina vhoti yakakurumbira, zvakare, kana "mamiriyoniโ evavhoti zvisiri pamutemo vakavhotera Hillary Clinton vanga vasati vaverengwa.
Donald Trump kurasika zvachose sarudzo dza2020 kuna Joe Biden, 74.2 miriyoni kusvika 81.2 miriyoni muvhoti yakakurumbira uye 232 kusvika 306 muElectoral College, ichisiya nzira imwe chete yekukunda (kunze kwekumukira) - kutsvaga nzira yekudzikisira mamirioni emavhoti evatema mukuchinja kukuru- maguta enyika. Kubva pakuzvarwa uye Islamophobia kuenda kune anti-Black Lives Matter rhetoric, rusaruraganda rwakanga rwasimudzira kukwirira kwaTrump uye remangwana rake rezvematongerwo enyika raizotemerwa nedanho iro iye nevamwe vake vaigona kumisa mavhoti mumaguta asina kuenzana eBlack eAtlanta, Detroit, Milwaukee, nePhiladelphia. , uye mavhoti eLatino neNative America muArizona neNevada.
Kuedza kweGOP kurambidza mavhoti evatema, veLatino, neveNative America yaive zano rekugadzira hurumende isiri pamutemo, chirongwa chisiri chitsvene chakatora mhirizhonga isingadzivisike ikaita mhedzisiro iyo aimbove mutungamiri wenyika asati azvidavirira. Zvinosuruvarisa, masimba ehudzvanyiriri hapana chavakatumirwa nekukundwa kwavo musi wa6 Ndira. Kana paine, vakasimbiswa nekutadza kusvika parizvino kubata vazhinji vevamiririri vakaita kuti chiitiko chifambe.
Democracy, Authoritarianism, kana Fascism?
Makore gumi apfuura akafumura kuyedza kwedemocracy yeAmerica kwakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Funga nezve mupiro waDonald Trump kuratidza kuti zvinokatyamadza kuchengetedzwa kwedemocracy yakasununguka kunogona kutadza kana kutyorwa kwemitemo, mitemo, uye zvimiro zvikasapikiswa kana kuti zvakabairwa paatari yezvakawanda zvezvematongerwo enyika. Munhu ane utsinye, ane hutsinye, asina kugadzikana mupfungwa, ane ganda mutete, anotsiva, asinga kwanise, ane utsinye, ane rusarura akambosarudzwa kuve mutungamiri wenyika yakanga isiri tsaona, kana kukanganisa. Aive mhedzisiro isingadzivisike yemakumi emakore eRepublican achitenderera kune anopokana-democracy mauto uye vachena manzwiro enyika.
Nyanzvi dzakagara dzichikakavadzana musiyano pakati pefascism uye authoritarianism. Nyika dzeFascist dzinogadzira simba rakazara rinotonga pamusoro pezvinhu zvese zvehupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro. Sarudzo dzakabviswa; kusungwa kwevanhu vakawanda kunoitika pasina habeas corpus; zvose zvinopikisa zvinovharwa; rusununguko rwokutaura nokuungana zvinodziviswa; matare, kana akabvumirwa kuvapo zvachose, rubber-stamp undemocratic state policy; nepo hembe dzechiuto kana dzebrown dzerumwe rudzi dzichisimbisa hurongwa hwemutemo husina kururama. Mapato ezvematongerwo enyika anorambidzwa uye vanopikisa vanosungwa, kushungurudzwa, kana kuurayiwa. Mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika inogadziriswa, kana kuti inobvumirwa, nechikamu chikuru chenzanga. Pane kunyepedzera kushoma kwekutevedzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kana kuti bumbiro remitemo rinomiswa zviri pamutemo.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, nyika dzine masimba masimba dzinobvuma masimba ebumbiro remitemo, kunyange kana dzichigara dzichiifuratira. Rusununguko rwakaganhurirwa runoramba ruripo. Sarudzo dzinoitwa, asi kazhinji paine zvakafanorongwa. Vavengi vezvematongerwo enyika havabvumidzwe kukwikwidza masimba. Mafungiro eNationalist anotsausa pfungwa kubva kune chaiyo levers uye nzvimbo dzesimba iroro. Kurwiswa nevematongerwe enyika pamusoro pevatorwa "vamwe" kunowanzoitika, nepo ruzhinji rwerusaruraganda uye rusaruraganda rwakajairika. Kunyanya kutsoropodza, vamwe vanonakidzwa nemwero wetsika dzegutsaruzhinji vachibvuma kuti vamwe vanorambwa zvachose. Munguva yemuranda naJim Crow eras munyika ino - nguva dzehudzvanyiriri hwemarudzi dzichikanganisa mamirioni evatema, maLatinos, uye maNative America - vazhinji vachena muSouth (uye pamwe ruzhinji kunze kwayo) vakashivirira kana kugamuchira kubviswa kwedemocracy.
Pasi pekubatana kwemasimba emasimba - hurongwa husina simba hwekutarisa uye zviyero, rhetoric yepopulist inopinda mukutya uye kunzwisiswa kusarongeka, kushomeka kweanemic uye kwakakamukana, kupatsanurana kwakadzama kwemagariro kana kwemarudzi, kusavimba nesainzi nemasaenzi, kupokana nehungwaru, kusarongeka kwekambani. uye huipi hwezvematongerwo enyika, uye mhosva dzinogamuchirwa nemukurumbira dzekurerekera kwenhau - mutongi ane masimba echokwadi anogona kutonga munyika muno. Uye sezvakaratidzwa nenhoroondo, izvo zvinogona kungova nhanganyaya yefascism yakazara.
Zviratidzo zvenyevero zvaisagona kujeka.
Nepo, munzira dzakawanda, hutongi hwaTrump hwaive hwakanyanya kakistocracy - ndiko kuti, "hurumende nevanhu vakashata uye vasina kutendeseka," sezvakataurwa nenyanzvi Norm Ornstein - kubva pazuva rekutanga kusvika kune yekupedzisira nano-sekondi yekutonga kwayo, maitiro ake ehutongi aigara achiratidzwa. Zvido zvake zveutongi zvakagadzira raibhurari isingaenzaniswi yemabhuku aiburitsa zviratidzo zvekutambudzika nezvengozi dzinouya.
Timothy Snyder's 2017 bestseller Pamusoro peTyranny rakanga riri, semuenzaniso, ripfupi asi rinoshamisa rinoshamisa basa rekutanga panhau yacho. Muzvinafundo wenhoroondo yeYale akapa tarisiro inokatyamadza yehudzvinyiriri hunoitirwa kubvisa ngano dzekuti ma autocrats kana mapopulists vanouya sei kuzogara musimba. Kunyangwe rakaburitswa muna 2017, basa racho harina kutaura nezvaDonald Trump. Zvakanga zvakadaro, kutaura zvakajeka kusimuka kwesimba rake reMAGA uye nekuyambira nyika kuti imumise nguva isati yakwana.
Sekunyora kwakaita Snyder nezvemasangano edemocracy yedu, โhavazvidziviririโฆ Chikanganiso ndechekufunga kuti vatongi vakapinda pamasimba kuburikidza nemasangano havagone kuchinja kana kuparadza masangano chaiwo - kunyangwe zviri izvo chaizvo zvavakazivisa kuti vachazviita. ita." Akayambira zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuyedza kubatanidza mapurisa nemauto nezvematongerwo enyika, sezvakatanga kuitwa naTrump muna 2020 apo hutongi hwavo hwaive. varatidziri vane runyararo vakarwiswa nemapurisa neNational Guard muLafayette Square mhiri kweWhite House kuitira kuti mutungamiri wenyika afambe achienda kuchechi yeko. Akayambirawo nezve kurega mauto edziviriro akazvimirira, kazhinji aine maitiro echisimba (sepaapo boka rekuchengetedza raTrump raizodzinga varatidziri kubva kumisangano yake yezvematongerwo enyika) kuwana chinzvimbo chepamutemo kana chepamutemo.
Iyo nguva 2015 kusvika 2020 zvechokwadi yakamiririra MAGAfication yeUnited States uye yakatanga nyika ino munzira inogona kuenda kuhutongi hwehutongi hweGOP.
Kusagadzikana kweDemocracy
Vatori venhau vanga vakakoshawo mukufumura kusabatikana kwedemocracy yeUnited States. The New YorkerMasha Gessen, semuenzaniso, anga akakura uye akatarisana nekusheedzera njodzi dzehudzvanyiriri hunokambaira uye hwaTrump ".kuita fascism.โ Anonyora kuti kunyangwe iye pachake angave asati anyatsonzwisisa pfungwa yefascism, โMupfungwa dzake, simba rinozvitonga; rinosimbisa hukuru hwerudzi rumwe nerudzi rumwe; inotaura kutonga kwakakwana; uye inodzvinyirira kushora kwose nenzira isina tsitsi.โ
Kunyange zvazvo Trump ane usimbe, anozvida, uye asina kuzvidzora kuti ave munhu ane pfungwa dzakasimba, akazvikomberedza uye akatora mazano kubva kune avo vaiva, kusanganisira vanoshingaira vekurudyi uye vabatsiri vaTrump Steve Bannon, Sebastian Gorka, naStephen Miller. Bannon akashanda saTrump's Goebbels-ish propagandist, akacheka mazino ake machena erudzi semuvambi uye sachigaro mukuru weanonyanyisa Breitbart News media oparesheni. Muna 2018, iye Akaudzwa kuungana kwevezvematongerwo enyika vekuEurope-kurudyi, mafascist, uye neo-Nazis, โRegai vakudaidzei kuti mune rusaruraganda. Rega vakudaidza kuti xenophobes. Rega vakushevedze kuti maNativist. Zvipfeke sebheji rerukudzo. Nekuti mazuva ese, tinosimba uye vanopera simba. โ
Mumwe munhu anoziva aimbove mutungamiri wenyika zvirinani kupfuura vazhinji, muzukuru wake Mary Trump, zvese zvakanyorwa zvine hunyanzvi kuti babamunini vake โmufizikisi wemuzvarirwo uyo anoganhurirwa nokusakwanisa kwake kuona kupfuura iye amene.โ Kwaari, hapana mubvunzo kuti zita racho rinoenderana. Sekutaura kwaakaita, "[A] kukakavara nezvekuti kana kudana Donald fascist ndiyo vhezheni itsva yenhau yemakore-refu ekurwira kuti vaone kana vachifanira kudana nhema dzake, nhema. Chinonyanya kukosha parizvino ndechekuti vezvenhau - uye maDemocrats - vachawedzera zita refascism kuRepublican Party pachayo. "
Kusimudzira Kunyanyisa uye Kuderera kweDemocracy
Tichifunga nezvezviitiko izvi, dzimwe nyanzvi nevatsvaguri vanopokana kuti dzinza renyika yegutsaruzhinji rinogona kunge rakatoenda kure zvakanyanya kuti rimiswe zvizere. In its Chirevo cheDemocracy 2020: Autocratization Inowedzera - Resistance Inokura, The Varieties of Democracy (VDem) Project, iyo inoongorora hutano hwegutsaruzhinji pasi rose, yakapfupikisa makore matatu ekutanga ehutungamiri hwaTrump seizvi: โ[Democracy] yaparara zvekuti kazhinji kazhinji inotungamira kune hutongi hwejekerere. .โ Vachitaura nezvechiyero chayo cheLiberal Democracy Index, yakawedzera kuti, "United States of America yakaderera zvakanyanya paLDI kubva pa0.86 muna 2010 kusvika 0.73 muna 2020, muchikamu semhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwaitwa naPresident Trump kune vezvenhau, vezvematongerwo enyika vanopikisa, uye. kuderera kukuru kwekuongorora nekuenzanisa kwedare reparamende pamasimba ekutonga. "
Zvidzidzo izvi zvakaratidzwa The Global State of Democracy 2021, mushumo wakaitwa neInternational Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance waiti, โUnited States, tsigiro yegutsaruzhinji pasi rose, yakabatwa nemaitiro oudzvinyiriri pachayo, uye yakawisira pasi nhanho dzakawanda pachiyero chegutsaruzhinji.โ
Kukundikana kwaDonald Trump nekusingaperi "sarudzo dzakabiwa"Kuedza kupidigura hurumende uye hutungamiriri hwaJoe Biden hunogona kunge hwakamisa budiriro yenyika ine hutongi, asi usanyengerwa. Kana kutadza kwehupanduki hwaNdira 6 kana kuodzwa mwoyo kwakaitika musarudzo dzepakati petemu hazvina kumisa zvishuvo zvevanyanyisi veGOP. Kutora kwebato reRepublicans kweHouse of Representatives, zvisineyi zvishoma, pasina mubvunzo kuchaunza imwezve tsunami yezviito zvekunyanyisa kwete kurwisa maDemocrats chete, asi vanhu vekuAmerica.
Kuchenesa yeDemocrats kubva kumakomiti eImba, kunzwikwa kweMcCarthyite-maitiro uye kuferefeta, uye kuedza-kwese kubiridzira sisitimu kuti izivise ani nani anobuda semumiriri weGOP muna 2024 uyo achakunda acharatidza kuedza kwavo kutonga. Zviito zvakadaro zvichadzokororwa - uye zvakatoipisisa - mumatunhu ane magavhuna eRepublican nematare eparamende, sezvo vakuru vakuru ikoko vanokotama kuzvishuvo zvevashoma vavo asi vane shungu dzevachena vanovhota. Ivo vanozotsigirwa netiweki yevari kure-kurudyi midhiya, vanopa, vatsigiri, uye vatongi vakagadzwa naTrump.
Mukupindura, kudzivirira zvido zvevanhu vanoshanda, nharaunda dzeruvara, LGBTQ vanhu nemhuri, uye mamwe masangano anotambura munharaunda ino zvinoreva mubatanidzwa pakati pevanofambira mberi, vakasununguka, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, vanopokana uye kuvhiringidza anti-Trump, pro-democracy. Republicans. Kune akawandisa mienzaniso yezvakaitika kare yehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri nefascist ukuwo vanopikisa vakaramba vakaparadzana uye vachinetsana kuti vasaite mibatanidzwa yezvematongerwo enyika. Hapana chinhu chiri chekukurumidzira panguva ino kupfuura kukundwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwebato rinopesana nedemocracy izvo, zvinosuruvarisa, zvichiri kufamba.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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