Mushure memusangano wenhau kuWhite House, Mutungamiri Barack Obama (R) neMutungamiriri weIraqi Nouri al Maliki (L) vanoenda pamwe chete. Kunyange hazvo vakakurukura nezvenguva yekubviswa kweUS, VaObama kana VaMaliki havana kutaura nezvevhoti yeruzhinji yeIraq kuti vaone kana zuva rekupedzisira richamira. (Mufananidzo: Reuters)
Paramende yeIraq payakasimbisa chibvumirano chayo chekuchengetedza neUS gore rapfuura, ichibvumidza kuvepo kwemauto eUS kusvika pakupera kwa2011, yakavaka mugadziriro yekuti vhoti yereferendamu yeruzhinji iitwe. Izvi zvaizoita kuti vanhu veIraqi vasarudze ramangwana rekupedzisira rechibvumirano. Dai veruzhinji vakavhotera kusazviramba, nguva yekubvisa yeUS ingadai yakachinjirwa kusvika zhizha rinotevera.
Vhoti, yakarongwa kuitwa musi wa30 Chikunguru, haina kumboitika.
Hapana kunonoka kwakamiswa, asi zuva rekupedzisira rakapotswa rakauya mushure mekurudziro yakaramba kubva kuMutungamiriri weNyika, Nouri al-Maliki, avo vakakurudzira kuti kumbomiswa kusvika Ndira 2010. Paramende yeIraq โ yave kutungamirwa nemutauriri mutsva anonzwira Maliki โ vakabatana, vachiregeredza kuunza hurongwa uhu. mutemo unotonga zviga zvevhoti pasi.
Zvido zveAmerica zvinogona kunge zvakaita basa rakakosha muvhoti yakapotsa. Kumiswa kwacho kwakauya svondo mushure mekushanya kwaMaliki kuWhite House, panguva iyo iye neMutungamiri Obama vakadzokorora zuva rekupedzisira raDecember 2011 rekubvisa. Hapana akataura nezvereferendamu.
Zvakare, chinyorwa chepakati paChikumi cheNew York Times chakati, "Vamiriri vekuAmerica vari kukurudzira chinyararire hurumende kuti isaite referendamu," uye vakakurudzira kuti chero kunonoka kuvhota kungave "kune hanya nezvinonetsa zveAmerica."
Zuva rekupedzisira reChina rakapfuura chinyararire, nevatungamiriri vazhinji veIraqi vakaramba vakanyarara panyaya iyi. Nekudaro, Tariq al-Hashemi, mumwe wevatevedzeri vemutungamiri weIraq, akapfupikisa kushushikana kwevazhinji.
"Zuva iri rakanyatsosarudzwa kuti ripe nguva inodiwa yekuve nemhedzisiro inooneka," Hashemi akadaro mukutaura kwevanhu. "Kutadza kuzadzisa zuva iri kunonoka kunoramba vanhu vekuIraq kodzero dzavo."
Kubvisa Nguva Yekupedzisira Tug-of-War
Iwo e-pro-occupation zvinhu zvehurumende yeIraq aive nechikonzero chekutya referendamu. Dai maIraqis akakanda mavhoti nemusi weChina chapfuura, vangadai vakaramba chibvumirano chekuchengetedza (chisingazivikanwe seStatus of Forces Agreement, kana SOFA).
Muongororo yakaitwa munaKurume yeABC/BBC, ruzhinji rwevaIraqi vakati vangada nguva yekukurumidza kubviswa kweUS pane yakataurwa muSOFA.
Kurambwa kweSOFA kungadai kwaita kuti nguva yekuAmerica yekubvisa iyi ikurumidze kusvika gore kubva pazuva rekuvhota: Chikunguru 30, 2010. Kumiswa kwevhoti kunoreva kuti kunyangwe SOFA ikarambwa muna Ndira, mauto eUS achagara mwedzi mitanhatu kupfuura zvaangadai akaita. dai vhoti yakaitwa muna Chikunguru.
Kuvhota kwereferendamu kwakadarikwa kwaive kwakakura kwenguva, sekureva kwaJoseph Gerson, munyori we "Zuva Risingambogadzike: Kutarisana Nenetiweki Yemauto eKune dzimwe nyika."
"Sekutaura kuri kuita, vagari vemauto, sehove dzakafa, vanotanga kunhuwa mushure memazuva matatu," Gerson akaudza Truthout. "Dai vhoti yakaitwa sezvakarongwa, zvingangoitika ndezvekuti vanhu vekuIraq vangadai vakasimbirira kuti mauto eUS aende zuva ra2011 risati rasvika. Yaive nyaya yekutenga nguva."
Iyo nguva yakatengwa ihomwe yePentagon, iyo kusvika parizvino isati yazivisa veruzhinji zvirongwa zvekudzosera zvekukurumidza kubvisa, kana referendamu ikakundikana. Nemauto e130,000 uye 132,000 makondirakiti achiri muIraq, kurambwa kweSOFA kwaizosiya US ichipenga.
Kuna Maliki, ane hurumende inotsamira parutsigiro rweUS, kunonoka kunorevawo mimwe mwedzi mitanhatu yekutendeudzira maIraqi kuti SOFA ipfungwa yakanaka. Bazi repamusoro reIraq rinonyatsoziva nezvenyaya dzinoita kuti vanhu vavhote vachipokana neSOFA, uye vari kutarisira kuti zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvichagadzirika kusati kwambomiswa vhoti yereferendamu, sekureva kwaJim Fine, munyori wezvemitemo wezvekune dzimwe nyika kuCommittee yeshamwari. Mitemo yeNyika.
"Kunetsekana nekuramba kusungwa kweUS kwevaIraqi, kuenderera mberi kwekuonekwa kwemauto eUS mumaguta nemataundi eIraq kunyangwe kubviswa kwe" mauto ehondo" munzvimbo dzine vanhu, uye kuramba kweIraq ichizviisa pasi pezvirango zveUN kubva muHondo yekutanga yeGulf zvinhu zvinopesvedzera ruzhinji rweIraq. maonero," Fine akaudza Truthout. "Mimwe mwedzi kubva ikozvino, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kunge zvakagadziriswa, zvichiita kuti veruzhinji vabvumire chibvumirano."
Nguva Yemberi Isina Chokwadi
Zvichakadaro, musanganiswa wekunyarara uye kuvhiringidzika wakatenderedza tarisiro yevhoti yereferendamu muna Ndira. Kunyangwe Maliki akakurudzira kuseta vhoti kuti ienderane nesarudzo dzeIraq, hapana zuva rakasimba rakatarwa.
Kuvharirwa kwebazi repamusoro pareferendamu chiratidzo chekusawirirana kukuru pakati pehurumende yeMaliki nevanhu veIraqi, sekureva kwaGerson.
"Ini ndinofunga zvinoratidza kuti hurumende yehudzvanyiriri yakaumbwa neUS muIraq hairatidze maonero akakurumbira eIraq, uye kuti hurumende inotya uye iri kushanda nesimba kubata uye kuve nezvinodiwa nevaIraq," Gerson akaudza Truthout.
Kuedza kwe "manejimendi" uku kunowanzo kupa kusavimbika kazhinji pane rutsigiro rusina magumo, sekureva kwaAli al-Fadhily, mutori wenhau akazvimirira anogara muBaghdad, anoti maIraq ari kuchengetwa murima nezve chokwadi chekubviswa kweUS.
"Mufananidzo hauna kujeka uye maIraq akapatsanurwa, uye nekuvhiringidzika sekuda kwevatungamiriri vavo," al-Fadhily akaudza Truthout.
Kufambira mberi kweSOFA - uye kuti hurumende mbiri dziri kutevedzera zvakadii - hazvisi pachena kudivi reUS, kana. Mukupera kwaChikunguru musangano pakati paMaliki naObama, mutungamiri wenyika akataura nezve "shanduko yakazara kuenda kuIraqi mutoro," asi kana zvasvika kune zvinoreva shanduko iyi, ruzivo rwunodedera uye kutungamira hakuna.
Mukutanga kusainwa kweSOFA, Dare Repamusorosoro reMasangano eMarudzi, Kodzero dzevanhu, neOversight rakaita nhevedzano yematare edzimhosva pamusoro pemutemo usina mubvunzo wechibvumirano ichi. Parizvino, kumwe kunzwa kwakamira, maererano nehofisi yeRep. Bill Delahunt (D-Massachusetts), sachigaro wekomiti.
"Tiri kuda kutarisisa nyaya iyi, asi hapana chakasimbiswa," munyori wenhau weDelahunt akaudza Truthout.
Chinhu chakakosha mune ramangwana reSOFA isarudzo dzeIraq, dziri kuuya muna Ndira. Kana referendamu nesarudzo zvikaitwa panguva imwe chete, uye Maliki akahwina imwe temu muhofisi, anogona kufuratira mhedzisiro yereferendamu ndokunamatira kuSOFA, sekureva kwaRaed Jarrar, mupi wezano weIraq weAmerican Friends Service Committee. Nyaya iyi yaizoendeswa kudare repamusoro reIraq, zvichikonzera kuti inonoke.
Neimwe nzira, sarudzo dzaNdira dzinogona kuenda kune imwe nzira, kudzinga Maliki uye kuunza hutongi hwekubvisa masimba.
"Kana mapoka anopesana nekugara akakunda - uye ndinofunga vachadaro - vanogona kudzima SOFA chero nzira, kunyangwe ikawana "hongu" vhoti," Jarrar akaudza Truthout. "Kana mapoka evanopikisa vakakunda, vanodhonza zvese zvavanogona kuti vachengetedze US kwenguva yakareba sezvavanogona. Saka ani nani anokunda musarudzo dzinotevera ndiye anosarudza zvichaitika."
Zvisinei, sarudzo dzinogona kusaratidza kuti ndezvezuva rimwe chete. Mushure mesarudzo dzeIraq muna Zvita 2005, mwedzi mishanu yakapfuura dare remakurukota uye mutungamiriri wehurumende vasati vatemwa.
Iraq's SOFA referendum inogona kudzoserwa kune yakafanana magumo: mhedziso isingaperi.
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