Pentagon inotarisana nesarudzo yakaoma: Inofanira kupa kondirakiti itsva kuna Xe (yaimbova Blackwater), kambani akaita mukurumbira wakashata apo vashandi vayo vakauraya 17 Iraqis muBaghdad muna 2007, kana kuDynCorp, kambani. akaita mukurumbira wakashata muBosnia muna 1999 apo vamwe vevashandi vayo vakabatwa vachitengesa vasikana vaduku kuti vaite zvepabonde?
Kondirakiti iyi yemabhiriyoni emadhora ichave chikamu chechirongwa chekudzidzisa Mapurisa eNyika yeAfghan, avo vanotepfenyurwa kuti varoverwe maitiro ekurwisa mhirizhonga anozobatsira kukunda maTaliban uye kuunza chengetedzo kune varombo, Afghanistan ine hondo. Chirongwa ichi chinotorwawo sechikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwehutongi hwaObama hwekushandura hondo. Zvinoshamisa, Xe akanga akagadzikana kuhwina kondirakiti kusvika a kukwidza kunobudirira neDynCorp svondo rapfuura yakakanda munda wakavhurika.
Vamwe vanhu muhurumende yeUS (uye vazhinji vari kunze kwayo) vanotenda kuti basa iri harifanirwe kupihwa kune vega makondirakiti pakutanga. Zvichakadaro, nyanzvi zhinji dzemapurisa dzine chokwadi chekuti hazvina basa kuti kambani inowana kondirakiti. Kufanana nevakawanda zvisati zvaitika, chirongwa chekupedzisira chekudzidzisa chakaparara kubva pakutanga, ivo vanotenda, nekuti chinangwa chayo chichava chekukunda maTaliban pane kukurudzira mapurisa anotungamirwa nenharaunda.
Hutongi hwaObama huri mukugadzirisa: inotenda kuti, kana ikatadza kuisa anokwana zviuru zana zvemapurisa akadzidziswa mumigwagwa yeAfghan uye mumisha yakapararira inoumba huwandu hwenyika, haizokwanisi kutanga. kudzikira kwemauto eUS muAfghanistan pakati pegore rinouya.
"Zano rekutonga kwaObama kumapurisa eAfghan nderekuwedzera nhamba, kuwedzera chirongwa che'chitima uye kugadzirira', uye kuita mapurisa mukurwisa maTaliban," anoti Robert Perito, nyanzvi yekudzidziswa kwemapurisa kuUnited States Institute of Peace uye munyori webhuku idzva, Mapurisa muHondo. "Iyi nzira haina kushanda munguva yakapfuura, uye kuita zvimwe zvakafanana hakuzobudiriri kubudirira."
Kana zvasvika pakudzidziswa kwemapurisa, kushandiswa kweakazvimirira makondirakiti hakuna kujairika - uye zvakare kukundikana. North Carolina-based Xe yave, chokwadi, yanga iri kudzidza mapurisa emuganho weAfghan kweanopfuura makore maviri, uye kuVirginia-based DynCorp yanga iri kuita zvimwe chetezvo kumapurisa akapfeka yunifomu yeAfghan kwemakore anopfuura manomwe izvozvi. Zvakadaro, kusafambiswa zvakanaka kwemabhiriyoni manomwe emadhora akashandiswa kudzidzisa mapurisa mumakore masere apfuura, zvichikonzerwa kuregeredza Kutariswa neDhipatimendi reHurumende reUS, kwasiya nyika yevanhu vanosvika miriyoni makumi matatu nematatu nemapurisa asingashande uye ane huori hunoshamisa. Tsika dzayo dzinotyisa uye mukurumbira zvakatungamira vagari venharaunda zhinji dzeAfghan kutendeukira kuTaliban kuti vachengetedze.
Zvezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinofambiswa ne NATO Kudzidzisa Mission kunze kweCamp Eggers muKabul, guta guru reAfghan, chikamu cheDynCorp chete ndicho chine vashandi vakazara. Kambani iyi inopa mazana manomwe nemakumi masere nevaviri vaimbove mapurisa ekuAmerica kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzekudzidzira nemauto akapararira nenyika kuti vashande nemauto eUS pamwe nevarairidzi vemapurisa eEuropean Union. Pamwe chete panofanirwa kuve ne782 yevarairidzi ava, asi NATO inofungidzira kuti ine hafu yevashandi yainoda.
Mukuedza kwakasimba kupedza kushomeka kwevarairidzi, Gurukota rezvemukati menyika yeAfghan Hanif Atmar. yakarongwa kutumirwa kwemapurisa e3,000 gore negore kuJorodhani neTurkey kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe yekudzidziswa kunze kwenyika.
Kudzidzira-Kukurumidza-Track Training
Muna Chivabvu 2009, ndakashanyira nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzekudzidzira mauto eAfghan ekuchengetedza mukati nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza Kabul. Major Joey Schneider weCombined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan akandiperekedza kutenderera nzvimbo yekutsvagisa vanhu kuKabul Central Police Command. Ikoko, vazhinji vevatorwa kubva kumisha yeAfghan vaiongororwa zvinodhaka zvinogara zviripo vasati vapinzwa muchirongwa chekukurumidza kupeta kaviri mapurisa e5,000 muKabul sarudzo dzaNyamavhuvhu dzisati dzaitwa.
"Mushure memavhiki matatu muKabul Security Acceleration Programme, varume ava vachawana bheji, yunifomu, nepfuti voendeswa kunotenderera," Schneider akatsanangura. Achibvunzwa kuti zvakanga zvakakwana here, akandivimbisa kuti mapurisa matsva achawedzerwa mavhiki mashanu ekudzidziswa kwakadzama mushure mesarudzo nemakondirakiti eDynCorp nevarairidzi vemauto epasi rese.
Mwedzi mitatu gare gare, mushumo weEuropean Commission wakanyorwa naScott Chilton naTim Bremmers, nyanzvi mbiri dzemapurisa, pamwe chete naEckart Schiewek, mukuru mukuru weUnited Nations, akagumisa kuti iyi nzira yakanga iri njodzi-mu-kuita. Vakadaro, izvo zvaikonzeresa "kudzikisira kusingatarisike" kwemapurisa. "Maonero edu ndeekuti kuwedzera kuri kuita kufa kwemapurisa nekukuvadzwa kuchawedzera nekukurumidza-kugadzirisa, kudzidziswa kwakashata, uye midziyo."
Sezvisinganzwisisike, chirongwa ichi chinoonekwa sechiri nani pane akawanda ezvirongwa zvekare zvekudzidzisa zvakatangwa nehurumende yeAfghan nemari yeUS. Semuyenzaniso, kuyedza kwe2006 kupinza vagari vemumusha 11,000 musangano idzva rainzi Afghan National Auxiliary Police - nemazuva gumi chete ekudzidziswa kubva kuDynCorp nevarairidzi vemauto epasirese - kwaive kukundikana kwakakwana uye kwakadzika. Chikamu chimwe chezvitatu chevaidzidzira mune mamwe mapurovhinzi okumaodzanyemba, vakapiwa pfuti neyunifomu, havana kuzomboonekwazve. Makore maviri gare gare, muna September 10, basa racho rakagumiswa.
A 2008 report neboka rinoremekedzwa reInternational Crisis Group rakaratidza kuti zvirongwa zvekukurumidza-induction zvakadaro zvine mhedzisiro yekudzikisira mwero wekuverenga kuverenga uye kushanda kwemapurisa eAfghan - uye izvo hazvitombotarise matambudziko ekuchengetedza akagadzirwa nevaya vanosiya basa. pfuti.
Makore masere Ekukundikana
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, Afghanistan haisati yambove nemapurisa enyika, kunyangwe Soviet isati yapinda muna 1979 pakanga paine hurongwa hwekunyoreswa vanhu hwaiburitsa mapurisa echinzvimbo-uye-mafaira achishanda pasi pechiuto chemukuru akadzidziswa. Muna 2002, mushure mekukundwa kweTaliban, maGerman gadzirira chikoro chemapurisa muKabul chakapa chirongwa chemakore mashanu chekudzidzisa chine chinangwa chekudzosa zvitunha zvemapurisa. Muna 2003, US yakapa kondirakiti diki kuDynCorp kuti iite chirongwa chevarairidzi muKabul, zvichibva pabasa rayakamboita muHaiti uye neyaimbova Yugoslavia.
Zvakadaro hapana akapedza nguva yakawanda achinetsekana nezve kudzidziswa kwemupurisa, mudiki pane ese maBush manejimendi, ayo akange atonyura mukuronga kupinda muIraq uye aifarira kushanda muAfghanistan nezvaaida kudaidza kuti "chitsiko chetsoka."
Pakazosvika 2005, kuchengetedzeka muKabul kwaive kuderera zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutadza kunoshamisa kwekuedza kweUS kugadzira mapurisa matsva muIraq kwakabatsira kumutsa hondo yevagari vemo ine ropa, inoparadza muBaghdad, guta guru reIraq. Kumwe kunhu panguva ino, vakuru veBush manejimendi vakatanga kumuka kuti Afghanistan ingangove yakananga kudivi rimwe chete. Nhevedzano yezvibvumirano zvitsva zvakazopihwa kuDynCorp neve State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs - $1.6 bhiriyoni mubasa rekudzidzisa rakarongwa kupedzwa mukupera kwa2009. (Zvibvumirano zvave zvichiwedzerwa kusvika June 2010.)
Varongi veDhipatimendi reHurumende vanoita kunge vakatora nguva yakarebesa kumuka kumatambudziko akatarisana neAfghanistan mukugadzira mapurisa anoshanda. Nemihoro yakaverengerwa pamadhora gumi nematanhatu pamwedzi yemupurisa akarohwa muna 16, mapurisa aive ari panjodzi huru yehuwori hwechiokomuhomwe, uye kune veTaliban avo vaipa mihoro yakakwira kuvarwi vavo. Kuita kuti mamiriro acho atonyanya kuipa, simba racho rakanga rakakura zvakanyanya. Mapurisa anodarika zviuru makumi maviri nevasina kutumwa vaingoona 2002 chete. Vaigara vachinzi vakaita kuti mapurisa avo arove pasi vanhu nekuda kwechiokomuhomwe. Kutaura zvazviri, a 2007 kudzidza neUnited Nations Assistance Mission kuAfghanistan iyo yakaongorora marekodhi emapurisa zviuru zviviri nemazana mana nemakumi matanhatu neina akawana mhosva dzekutengesa zvinodhaka, huwori, kana kurwiswa nevanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chavo.
"Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfghanistan uko chinhu chekupedzisira vanhu vanoda kuona mapurisa ari kuuya," Brigadier General Gary O'Brien, aimbova mutevedzeri wemukuru weCombined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan, Akaudzwa the Canadian Press news agency muna March 2007. "Ivo ndechimwe chedambudziko. Havapi kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu - makororo evanhu."
Mihoro handiyo yega kushomeka kwebhajeti. Afghanistan inongoshaya mari yekubhadhara midziyo yakaita sepfuti nemotokari dzemapurisa, kana kunyange kuvaka kamba dzemapurisa. Pane kudaro, kwemakore masere apfuura mapurisa eAfghan akagamuchira mazana emamiriyoni emadhora ezvombo zvakapiwa nezvimwe midziyo, yakawanda yakazove yakatyoka kana kusapindirana nemidziyo iyo mauto anga ave nayo. Muenzaniso waiva a batch yezviuru zveCzech VZ58 pfuti dzinoita senge maAK-47s mapurisa eAfghan anotakura netsika asi anoda nzira dzekugadzirisa dzakasiyana zvachose.
Mune imwe muenzaniso wakanaka nezvekushaikwa kwezviwanikwa kwakonzera, Hazeb Emerging Business, kambani yeAfghan yakahaiwa kuchengetedza zvombo zvemauto, yakashandisa sando nezvipikiri "kugadzirisa" magirinedhi, nekuti vaive vasina ruzivo rwekugadzirisa zvombo zvakapihwa. Mune pamwe yakanyanya kutaurwa mishap, AEY Inc., yakavakirwa muFlorida, uye yakatsanangurwa nokuda New York Times se "kambani ichangoburwa inotungamirwa nemurume ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri ane mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika ane rezinesi," akatumirwa kumauto eAfghan mauto e22 miriyoni eChinese cartridges, ane makore makumi mana ezera uye mu "kuparara kwekurongedza," pasi pe $ 100 miriyoni Pentagon. contract.
Munyika umo mwero wekuverenga nekunyora wakamisikidzwa kune tarisiro ye30% - kumwe kufungidzira kunoisa mwero pakati pevanotorwa nemapurisa padyo ne5%, kana kunyange zvishoma - mazhinji echero maWestern-style kudzidzira kosi anoratidza zvisina basa. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuipa, mumwe muvashanu vanozvipira kudzidziswa zvechipurisa munhu asingashandisi zvinodhaka, nhamba inokwira kusvika 60% mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba seHelmand, iyo inoburitsa chikamu chakakosha chechirimwa cheopium chenyika inotungamira zvinodhaka.
Hazvishamisi, saka, kuongororwa kwekugona kwemapurisa eAfghan kwave kushoma pane kukurudzira. Pahurukuro yaChikumi 2008 kuUS House of Representatives Subcommittee yeNational Security and Foreign Affairs, Congressman John Tierney. rakapfupiswa zvakawanikwa pa433 Afghan National Police zvikamu zvenguva iyoyo nenzira iyi: "Zero vanokwanisa zvizere, zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana vanokwanisa nerutsigiro rwemubatanidzwa, mana muzana vanongogona zvishoma, 77 muzana havagone zvachose, uye 68 muzana haina kuumbwa kana kwete kutaura."
Pakaitwa chirongwa chitsva pakaitwa shanduko huru, kusanganisira kukwidzwa kwemihoro yemapurisa kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi masere pamwedzi muna 180 (uye munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru inosvika madhora mazana maviri nemakumi mana). Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwemihoro yemapurisa hwave kubhadharwa zvakananga uye nemagetsi kumaakaundi ekubhanga kana nharembozha, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kuti mapurisa apinde mumuhoro mudiki wevana vavo.
Vakuru vemauto vanga varivo yakarohwa zvinoshamisa, nekuda kwechinodikanwa chitsva chekuti vashandi vese vepamusoro-soro vapedze bvunzo yakaoma. Pakazosvika 2010, vatungamiri ve340 vakanga vaderedzwa kusvika ku117, 2,450 colonels kusvika ku301, uye 1,824 lieutenant colonels kusvika ku467. (Mapurisa eAfghan ane mazita echiuto.)
Zvichida zvakanyanya kukosha, chirongwa chitsva, chakasimba chekudzidzisa chinonzi Focused District Development (FDD) chaive yakatanga mukupera kwa2007 apo mupurisa wese ari mumatunhu chaiwo aizobviswa en masse kwemavhiki masere ekudzidziswa mune rimwe divi renyika. Zvichakadaro, mapurisa epamusoro munyika, Afghan National Civil Order Police (ANCOP), aifanira kutora basa rechipurisa kwechinguva. Pakadzoka mauto ekutanga, chikwata chevaraidzo chevane 14 vepasi rese chakavaperekedza kunopa zano uye - pamwe nedzidziso - kubvisa huwori.
Pakazosvika 2009, FDD yaive vachiti budiriro. Inenge imwe mumatunhu mashanu emapurisa ayo akapedza chirongwa akange ave kunzi "akazvimiririra anokwanisa." (Gore ra2008 risati rasvika, nhamba iyoyo yakanga iri zero.) Zvinosuruvarisa, chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chemapurisa muAfghanistan chakapedza chirongwa cheFDD kusvika nhasi uye chete 5% yemapurisa enyika iyo inofungidzirwa kuti inokwanisa kushanda yega. Kunyangwe izvi zvinogona kunge zviri manyepo sezvo inofungidzirwa kuti makumi maviri neshanu muzana emapurisa anosiya basa gore rega rega - uye hazvisi pakati pevakaipa chete. The drop-out rate ye2,500 yakasimba elite ANCOP inyanzvi yezvemuchadenga 65%, ichiita chero kuedza kwekudzidzisa kuve basa reSisyphean.
Rimwe gore mushure mekunge VaObama vavimbisa kuvandudza basa rekubatsira mapurisa eAfghan nekutumira vamwe varairidzi uye nyanzvi dzechiuto, hapana ari kurumbidza mhedzisiro yacho sekubudirira kunoshamisa; vashoma vanotovaona sekutanga kwakanaka. "Kushanda, kuedza kwakaputsika. Assets inotungamirirwa zvisiri izvo, inotarisirwa zvakanaka uye inoshandiswa zvisizvo," akanyora Robert A. Wehrle, mutungamiri weUnited States kuAfghan Ministry of the Interior, muna February 2010 mushure mokudzoka kubva kumwedzi we15 muKabul. "Graft nehuwori mumauto eAfghan zvagara, uye mauto emubatanidzwa anogonesa huori nekusaziva."
Kupa Mhosva
Ndiani, ipapoka, ane mutoro nokuda kwouyu mugariro wakashata wezvinhu? Vazhinji vakanongedzera State Department. Chirevo chakabatana kubva kune inspectors general wePentagon neDhipatimendi reHurumende zvinodaro kuti kondirakiti yeDynCorp yainyanya kubatwa zvisina kunaka. "Yazvino [chibvumirano] haipe chero ruzivo rwemhando yekudzidziswa inodikanwa kana chero kuyerwa kwekugamuchirwa ... Uyezve, kondirakiti iripo haisanganisi chero kuyerwa kwekuita kwekontrakta."
Chokwadi, varairidzi vemapurisa eDynCorp, avo vanowanzo rumbidza kubva kumataundi madiki eAmerica, vanowanzo shaya ruzivo nezvehupenyu munzvimbo yehondo. Murairidzi weDynCorp anobva kuTexas, uyo akakumbira kusadurwa zita rake, akaudza mutori wenhau uyu nezvekutanga kusangana kwake nemadhaka kumabvazuva kweAfghanistan: "Ndakashamiswa nezvaiita senge firework kuratidza." Mauto eUS aive nehasha akamupopotera kuti arove pasi.
Sezvingatarisirwa, DynCorp inopokana izvi. "[N] angave mauto edu kana mapurisa eEuropean National akaumbwa kana kudzidziswa kudzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza mutemo," Don Ryder, maneja wechirongwa cheDynCorp, Akaudzwa Komisheni yeKubvumirana Kwenguva Yehondo, sangano rakatemerwa neCongress yakasimbiswa kupa yakazvimirira ongororo yemakondirakiti maitiro muIraq neAfghanistan. "KuDynCorp International hatigadziri masatellite. Isu hatigadziri ndege. Isu tinoita kudzidzisa nekupa mazano. Ndiko kugona kwedu kukuru - uye kugona uku kunomiririrwa muDNA yevashandi vedu zviuru makumi matatu pasi rose."
Nyanzvi dzakawanda hadzibvumirani. "DynCorp ne[Dhipatimendi] vaive nevanhu vashoma, zviwanikwa zvishoma, uye ruzivo rushoma rwekuvaka mapurisa mukati mekumukira," Seth Jones, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika neRAND Corporation akapedza nguva zhinji ye2009. kufamba nemauto Special Forces zvikwata muAfghanistan, Akaudzwa komisheni. "Kunyangwe zvingave zvakakosha kushandisa makondirakiti [akavanzika] kubatsira kuita zvimwe zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza - kusanganisira kubatsira Mauto eUS kana vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanodzidzisa mapurisa - makondirakiti haafanire kunge ari kutungamira, sezvavaive kubva 2003 kusvika 2005. "
Kwete iro diki redambudziko neDyncorp (kana Xe, kana ikawana kondirakiti nyowani yekudzidziswa) mutengo wekuhaya makondirakiti akadaro kudzidzisa mapurisa. Mupurisa wega wega wekune dzimwe nyika anoita muhoro weUS, kanenge ka50 kudarika mupurisa weAfghan uye zvakapetwa katatu kudarika varairidzi vemauto.
Alternative Police Programs
Zvirongwa zvekupa mazano "zvinobva pafungidziro yekuti varairidzi vepasi rese ndivo vatambi vane ruzivo rwakanyanya, vane basa rekupa huchenjeri hwavo nehunyanzvi kune vavanoshanda navo vechidiki vekuAfghan," akadaro Andrew Wilder, aimbova director weAfghan Research and Evaluation Unit muKabul. , mumushumo wake we2007 pamapurisa eAfghan, "Mapurisa kana Makororo?" "Zvisinei hazvo, izvi kazhinji handizvo. Vepasi rese vanogona kuziva zvakawanda nezvehunyanzvi hwekuita zvechipurisa kuMadokero, asi maAfghan vanoziva zvakawanda nezvetsika nezvematongerwo enyika zvechipurisa muAfghanistan."
Wilder anopa mhinduro yakasimba: kudzoreredza zvakanyanya hurongwa hwemapurisa eAfghan. Anocherekedza kuti basa remapurisa muAfghanistan, kunyanya kumaruwa, raive rakaganhurirwa pakuchengetedza zvivakwa zvehurumende. โZvisinei, makakatanwa mazhinji evagari vemo uye nyaya dzeutsotsi kwete kumapurisa kana kumatare edzimhosva - ayo aionekwa seane huwori, anodhura, uye anononoka kutora sarudzo - asi akagadziriswa pachishandiswa mutemo wechivanhu nemasangano." Wilder anotenda kuti chero kuedza kwevapanduki kurwisa kurwiswa kwehugandanga kunofanira kungoitwa kuuto reAfghan uye pamwe. "akaparadzana paramilitary simba, kana gendarmerie."
"Maonero akatekeshera, kunyangwe pakati pemamwe mapurisa epasi rese, ndewekuti Afghanistan haisati yagadzirira kuita mapurisa echiuto uye inoti mapurisa anofanira kuramba ari mauto asi kusachengeteka kuchiripo," anonyora kudaro Tonita Murray, aimbova director general weCanadian Police College, akashanda. sechipangamazano kuAfghan Ministry of Interior muna 2005. "Dai maonero akadaro akabudirira, mhinduro dzemauto chete dzekuvandudza chikamu chekuchengetedza dzingatariswa, uye Afghanistan inobatwa mudenderedzwa rakashata rekushandisa chisimba kurwisa pasina kushandisa dzimwe nzira. kuchengetedza kugadzikana nerunyararo."
Sekutaura kwaRobert Perito, akashanda nebazi reUnited States reInternational Criminal Investigative Training Assistance Programme achidzidzisa mapurisa mumabasa erunyararo pasi rose kubva muna 1995 kusvika 2001, hurumende yeUS inofanirwa kufunga patsva maitiro ayo ese. Zvinofanira, iye anoti, dzokera shure kubva pakushandisa makondirakiti kuti aite chirongwa chayo chekudzidzisa mapurisa, achitendeukira kune yakasimba US federal workforce iyo inokodzera kudzidzisa mapurisa kunze kwenyika.
Nzira Itsva?
Pakutanga mwedzi uno, Lt. Gen. William B. Caldwell IV, mukuru weNATO Training Mission muAfghanistan, akabvuma kuti kudzidziswa kwemapurisa kwave kuparara kwechitima kubva pakadonha maTaliban makore mapfumbamwe apfuura. "Isu takanga tisiri kuzviita nemazvo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekutsvaga uye kudzidzisa mapurisa [asati aendeswa]. Zvichiri kunze kwekunzwisisa kwangu kuti isu takanga tisiri kuita izvozvo."
Kuziva kuti kupa majaya asingagoni kurava nokunyora, akapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka yunifomu, bheji, uye pfuti (pamwe chete nemari shomanene zvikuru uye pasina rovedzo) kwakanga kuri nzira youori nengwavaira zvirokwazvo inhano yokutanga. Asi maitiro ekubvisa 95% yemapurisa eAfghan ayo achiri kutadza kuita zvechipurisa kwemwedzi yakawanda yekudzidziswa kunodiwa munyika isina nhoroondo yekutanga yezvinhu zvakadaro? Izvi zvinoshanduka kuve gakava, kunyangwe kuna Mutungamiri Obama.
Musi waKurume 12, mutungamiri wenyika akapa nguva zhinji yemusangano wepamwedzi wevhidhiyo pakati pechikwata chake chekuchengetedza Washington nevatungamiriri vake vakuru muAfghanistan kubvunza kuti dambudziko racho rinogadziriswa sei. "Mutungamiriri akafamba uye akatarisa zvinangwa zvemwedzi nemwedzi zvekutora vanhu uye kuchengetedza nekuti ... hatisi kuzovapo zvachose," munyori wenhau muWhite House Robert Gibbs. akaudza vatori venhau zuva riya. "Hatisi kuzoda hutongi hwejekerere chete, asi tichada mapurisa anokwanisa kuchengetedza runyararo."
Kana Pentagon ikasachinja zvakanyanya hurongwa hwekudzidzisa hwazvino, hairatidzike zvakanaka kune hutongi kana rugare muAfghanistan. Zvakadaro mukana unoramba wakadzikira zvekuti vakuru vePentagon vachatora zano rekwaya yenyanzvi dzemapurisa dzinopa tsananguro yakashata pamusoro pehurombo huri chirongwa chekudzidzisa mapurisa ipapo. Pane kudaro, zvingangove zvakafanana, izvo zvinoreva kuti chibvumirano chakavanzika chekudzidziswa kwemapurisa uye imwe njodzi. Zvisinganzwisisike, Pentagon yakapa Space and Missile Defense Command Contracting Office muHuntsville, Alabama, basa rekufunga pakati peDynCorp neXe kune iyo itsva bhiriyoni-dollar yekudzidziswa kondirakiti. Uyezve รงa shanduko, uye c'est la mรชme akasarudza, sezvinotaurwa nevaFrench: Kana zvinhu zvakawanda zvichichinja, zvinoramba zvakafanana.
Pratap Chatterjee mutori wenhau anoshanda akazvimirira uye mupepeti mukuru kuCorpWatch. Akafamba zvakanyanya kuMiddle East neCentral Asia uye ndiye munyori wemabhuku maviri pamusoro pehondo yehugandanga, Iraki, Inc. uye Halliburton's Army (Nation Books, 2009), iyo ichangobva kubudiswa mumapepa. Anogona kubatika pa [email inodzivirirwa]. Kuteerera kuTimothy MacBain TomCast odhiyo kubvunzurudza umo Chatterjee inokurukura hupenyu hwemukontrakta / varairidzi muAfghanistan, tinya. pano kana, kana uchida kudhaunirodha ku iPod yako, pano.
[Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kubuda Tomdispatch.com, weblog yeNational Institute, iyo inopa kuyerera kwakadzikama kwemamwe masosi, nhau, uye maonero kubva kuna Tom Engelhardt, mupepeti wenguva refu mukutsikisa, muvambi we iyo American Empire ProjectMuvambi Mugumo Wekukunda Muitiro, uye mupepeti we Nyika Maererano neTomdispatch: America muNew Age yeHumambo.]
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