Palestine yave "nyika isiri nhengo" kuUnited Nations kubva musi weChina Mbudzi 29, 2012. Kunyorwa kwechisungo cheUN kuchiratidzira izvo vazhinji vanoona senguva yenhoroondo yakapfuura nekuwanda kwenhengo dzeGeneral Assembly: mavhoti zana nemakumi matatu nemasere. , vapfumbamwe vachipokana uye makumi mana nevaviri vasingabvumirwe.
Yakaperekedzwa nehurukuro ine shungu yakapihwa neMutungamiriri wePalestine Authority Mahmoud Abbas. Asi makumi emakore zvisati zvaitika, mutungamiri wePalestine anoshamisira uye ane hupenyu, Yasser Arafat akatsvagawo kubatana kwenyika dzese. Chiitiko ichi chakazonziwo 'nhoroondo'.
Akapihwa simba nerutsigiro rwemaArabu pamusangano weRabat Arab League muna Gumiguru 1974, iyo yakapa Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), zita risingaperi "mumiriri ari pamutemo wevanhu vePalestine", Arafat akakokwa kuti ataure kuUN General. Assembly. Zvisinei neshungu dzaiperekedza kubatana kwepasirese kuchangowanikwa, mutauro waArafat wakasarudza kubva pane zvaionekwa nemasimba ekuMadokero sezvishuvo zvezvematongerwo enyika nematunhu.
Muhurukuro yake musi wa13 Mbudzi, Arafat akataura pamusoro pekukura kwePLO pamutemo uko kwaimanikidza zviito zvake: “PLO yakawana chiremera chayo nokuda kwekuzvipira kuripo mubasa rayo rokupayona uyewo nokuda kwehutungamiri hwayo hwakazvipira mukurwisana. Yakapihwawo mvumo iyi neruzhinji rwePalestine. pamusoro, uye, pasinei nekumwe kusagutsikana, imwe neimwe yakanga ine mwero unonzwisisika wekukodzera.
Zvimwechete zvakadaro hazvigone kutaurwa nezveAbbas 'Palestinian Authority (PA), iyo iripo nekuda kwekusanzwisisika 'maitiro erunyararo' makore makumi maviri apfuura. Yakatoparadza zvachose masangano ePLO aimboshanda, yakatsanangudza chirongwa chePalestine cherusununguko chakatenderedza 'pragmatic' - kuverenga kuzvishandira - hurukuro inonyanya kurongedzerwa kuzvichengetedza, kusavapo kwekuzvidavirira kwemari uye hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. rudzi.
Abbas haasi Yasser Arafat. Asi kuenzana kwakakosha, iyo Arafat ya1974 yaive shanduro yakati siyanei yepakutanga Arafat aive mutungamiri webato rechimurenga reFatah. Muna 1974, Arafat akaita chisungo chehurumende icho pachacho chaimiririra kusimuka kubva pakuzvipira kwaFatah kune 'nyika yedemokrasi paPalestine yese'. Zvikumbiro zvakadzokororwa zvaArafat zvaive nechido chekugadzirisa "kugadza nyika yakazvimirira yenyika munzvimbo dzese dzakasunungurwa dzePalestine". Nepo musiyano uripo pakati pezviono zvese zviri zviviri ungave wakakonzerwa nekududzirwa patsva kwegwara rerusununguko rwePalestine, nhoroondo yakaratidza kuti yaive yakawanda. Kubva musi iwoyo uye kunyangwe kurwiswa kwakawanda kwakaitwa neUS neIsrael vachipokana ne'hugandanga' hwaArafat uye zvakadaro, PLO iri pasi pehutungamiriri hwaArafat's Fatah yakaita makore gumi ekuongorora, uko US yakaisa zvishuwo zvakaomesesa mukutsinhana neAmerica 'kubatana'. yehutungamiriri hwePalestine. Iyi pachayo yaive precondition yakaburitsa Oslo nemhedzisiro yayo yakashata.
Arafat aive akangwarira kugara achiisa shugacoti chero ipi zvayo yemvumo yake nechisarudzo chakafanana chakasimudzirwa kuvaPalestine sekukunda kwenyika kweimwe rudzi. Kare ikako pakanga pasina Hamas yekumisa dambudziko guru kumitemo yePLO, uye mapoka ekuruboshwe mukati mePLO chimiro angave akashongedzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika neFatah kana kuti aive asina huvepo hwakakura pakati pemhomho yePalestine. Munda uyu waive usina chero kupikiswa chaiko, uye kutendeka kwaArafat kwaisambobvunzwa. Kunyange vamwe vevaimushora vakamuwana achirevesa, pasinei zvapo nokutsutsumwa kwavo pamusoro pemaitiro ake uye mibvumirano inotambudza.
Kusimuka kwekugamuchirwa kwePLO munhandare dzepasi rose kwakaratidzwa mukubvuma kwayo kuUnited Nations se "isina-nyika" ine mucherechedzi weNov 22, 1974. Hondo yeIsrael uye nechisimba chakatevera muLebanon muna 1982 yaive nechinangwa chakaziviswa. yekuparadza PLO uye yaive nechinangwa chekumisa kusimba kuri kukura kwePLO mudunhu nepasirese. Pasina hwaro hwesimba chaihwo, mune iyi nyaya, Rebhanoni, vatungamiriri veIsrael vakaverenga kuti PLO yaizopunzika zvakazara kana kutonga mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Yakapera simba, asi isina kuparadzwa, hondo yepashure peLebanon PLO yakanga iri sangano rakasiyana neraivepo 1982 isati yasvika. Shanduko yakadai yaikodzera dzimwe nyika dzeArab zvakanaka. Makore mashoma gare gare, Arafat naFatah vaive vachiongorora chokwadi chitsva kubva kudzimbahwe muTunisia.
Mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika muPalestine akanga achichinja zvikuru. Kumukirana kwakakurumbira (Intifada) kwakatanga muna 1987 uye zvakangoerekana zvaitika hutungamiriri hwenzvimbo hwaive huchiumbwa munzvimbo dzese dzakatorwa. Mazita matsva enyanzvi dzeParesitina akanga ari kubuda. Vaive vatungamiriri venharaunda nevarwi verusununguko vainyanya kurongeka vachitenderedza hurukuro itsva yakagadzirwa kubva kumayunivhesiti emunharaunda, majeri eIsrael nemigwagwa yePalestine. Ipapo ndipo pakazvarwa ngano yeIntifada iine mavara akadai sevana vane zvipfuramabwe, vanaamai vairwa nemasoja, uye dziva guru rerudzi rutsva rwemurwi wePalestine pamwe nemutauro mutsva nehurukuro. Zvakatonyanya kukosha, mafambiro matsva akange achionekwa kubva kunze kwechinyakare PLO inovharirwa. Rimwe sangano rakadaro iHamas, iyo yakakura muhuwandu uye kukosha kwezvematongerwo enyika nenzira dzaimbofungidzirwa kuti hazvigoneki.
Chokwadi ichocho chakaratidza kutyisa kuUS, Israel uye hongu, hutungamiriri hwePLO. Paive nezvido zvakaringana zvekusvika pa 'compromise'. Izvi zvaireva kutenderwa kwakawanda nehutungamiriri hwePalestine mukutsinhana nemubairo wekufananidzira nemaAmerican. Yekupedzisira yakayangarara nemufaro mabharumu ekuedza eIsraeri kuitira kuti hutungamiriri hweIzirairi husaite sehusina simba kana kuregeredza. Zviitiko zviviri zvikuru zvakatsanangura danho iri rezvematongerwo enyika muna 1988: Musi waNovember 15, PLO's National Council (PNC) yakazivisa nyika yePalestine yakatapwa kubva kuAlgiers uye mushure memavhiki maviri, Ambassador weUS kuTunisia Robert H. Pelletreau Jr., akasarudzwa se iyo yega mubatanidzwa weAmerica uyo basa raive rekutanga kutaurirana nePLO. Zvisinei neUS yakazivisa kuramba danho raArafat, US yakafara kuona kuti chiziviso ichi chaiperekedzwa nemvumo huru dzezvematongerwo enyika. PNC yakaronga kugadzwa kwenyika yakazvimirira pa'ivhu renyika' rePalestine uye yakadana kuumbwa kwe "hurongwa hwekuchengetedza nerunyararo rwematunhu ese mudunhu" kuburikidza nenhaurirano dzekugadzirisa pamusangano wepasi rose werunyararo pahwaro hweUN resolution 242. uye 338 uye kodzero dzenyika dzePalestine.
Kunyangwe zvazvo Arafat airamba achisangana nezvakawanda zvaidiwa neAmerica - izvo hazvina kumbomira kusvika pakupondwa kwake nemuchetura muRamallah muna 2004 - kudzikisira kwaive nhanganyaya chaiyo yezvibvumirano zveOslo makore mashoma gare gare. Kubva ipapo, maPalestine akawana zvishoma kubva mukukunda kwekufananidzira kutanga muna 1988 apo UNGA "yakabvuma" chiziviso cheAlgiers. Yakabva yavhota kutsiva chirevo che "Palestine Liberation Organisation" neicho che "Palestine". Uye kubvira ipapo, kwave kuri kukunda kumwe kwokufananidzira pashure pomumwe, kunoenzanisirwa mumureza wePalestine unobvumwa zviri pamutemo, zvitambi zvetsamba, rwiyo rwenyika nezvimwe zvakadaro. Panyika, chokwadi chakanga chakasiyana zvikuru uye chinokatyamadza: misha yechiJudha yakanga ichangotanga yakava maguta akakomberedzwa nemasvingo uye vanhu vashomanene vakanga vava vagari vemo vakachinja kuva vagari vanopfuura hafu yemirioni; Jerusarema rakakombwa chose nemisha, uye rakagurwa kubva padzimwe nharaunda dzakagarwa; Utongi hwePalestine hwakavambwa muna 1994 kuti hutungamire vanhu vekuPalestine kune kuzvitonga kuzere hwakava chinhanho chechigarire chehutungamiriri hwePalestine hwaivepo kusvika paibvumirwa neIsrael kuti ivepo; polarization yakakonzerwa nehuwori hwePA uye kurongeka kwayo kwekuchengetedza neIsrael kunotungamira kune mhirizhonga yevagari iyo yakakamura chirongwa chenyika yePalestine pakati pemafactional uye ekuzvishandira.
Tsigiro iyo 'Palestine' yakawana kuUnited Nations inofanira kuva inonyaradza, kutaura zvishoma, kune vazhinji vePalestine. Rutsigiro rwakakura, kunyanya nevatsigiri vechinyakare vePalestine (ruzhinji rwevanhu kunze kwevashoma) runoratidza kuti hutongi hweUS, kumonyorora maoko uye propaganda yeIsrael-US haina basa zvachose. Nekudaro, izvo hazvifanirwe kutariswa zvisizvo sekuchinja kwechokwadi kwemaitiro ePalestine Authority iyo ichiri kushaya pamutemo, zvematongerwo enyika uye kunyanya hunhu hwepamutemo pakati pePalestine vari kutsvaga chinobatika drive kurusununguko, kwete kungokunda kwekufananidzira.
Kana Abbas achifunga kuti kuwana izwi idzva rechimiro chePalestine kuUN kunopa nhandare yezvematongerwo enyika inodiwa kuti ipembedze mamwe makore makumi maviri ekukundikana zvachose, saka nguva ndeyechokwadi yekumuratidza kuti haana kururama. Kana chimiro chitsva, zvakadaro, chikashandiswa sechikuva chehurongwa hwakasiyana hwakasiyana hungamutsidzira nhaurwa yezvematongerwo enyika ine haggard nechinangwa chega chekubatanidza maPalestine ese akapoteredza chirongwa chitsva chinozvikudza chenyika, saka, pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha kukurukura. Chokwadi, hachisi chimiro chitsva chine basa, asi kuti chinoturikirwa nekushandiswa sei. Kunyange zvazvo nhoroondo isinganyatsovimbisi, nguva yemberi ichava neshoko rokupedzisira.
Ramzy Baroud (ramzybaroud.net) mutori wenhau anobatanidzwa pasi rose uye mupepeti wePalestineChronicle.com. Bhuku rake razvino nderekuti My Father Was a Freedom Fighter: Gaza's Untold Story (Pluto Press, London).
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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