Evone Brown, ane makore makumi mashanu neshanu ekuberekwa aimboshanda muchina, anorarama nemadhora mazana masere nemakumi mashanu pamwedzi kubva kumacheki ekurega basa nekuremara, izvo zvaisakwana kubhadhara mari ingangosvika zviuru zvisere zvemadhora yaaive aine chikwereti chemutero weimba yake kumabvazuva kweDetroit. Gore rino, nekuti anga aine makore matatu kumashure pamutero wake wekubhadhara mutero (wakawanda waakagara nhaka paakatenga imba muna 55), mubati wehomwe weWayne County akamubata. Somugumisiro, imba yake iri iri kutengeswa svondo rino muWayne County's online foreclosure auction, pamutengo wekutanga we $500 chete. Angango dzingwa January uno.
Haasi ega: Sezvo Detroit achitsvaga kusiya kubhuroka kumashure uye kudzoka pamakumbo ake-achisimudzira budiriro nekuvaka njanji yakareruka uye nhandare itsva yehoki iyo ichadhura guta mazana emamiriyoni emadhoraโiri kupupurira panguva imwe cheteyo nzira inogona kudzinga vagari vayo vanosvika 142,000 XNUMX, vazhinji vavo vari varombo zvikuru zvokusagona kubhadhara mitero yezvivako.
Detroit ndizvo 83 muzana yeAfrica-America, uye 38 muzana yevagari vayo vanogara pasi pehurombo. Asi mukuru, mutema Detroit misiyano yakakomba ine chena, yakapfuma Detroit itsva yave kukwezva mukati mutero wekusvitsa uye zvinokurudzira kuraramaโ izvo zvinopa kudzingwa uku chirevo cherudzi rwakanyanya.
โUnofunga kuti vachanditorera imba yangu here?โ Brown anobvunza achiyeredza misodzi. Mamita mashoma kubva paari pane hanzvadzi yake yakarara. Achangodzoka kubva kuchipatara mushure mekubatwa negomarara reprostate. Brown pachake ane arthritis uye ane nyaya dzekufamba. Kuvhiyiwa kwakaitwa ibvi pakashata gore rapfuura kwakamusiya aine gumbo riri pfupi pane rimwe.
โKana vakatidzinga, hapana kwatinoenda. Tichafanira kuenda kunzvimbo yekugara. Handidi kuenda kunohwanda. Ndinoda kugara mumba mangu,โ anodaro.
Gore rino muDetroit, kwave ne22,000 kuvharwa kwezvivakwa izvo varidzi vayo vakatadza kubhadhara mutero wezvivakwa makore matatu akateedzana. Pakati pavo, zviuru gumi zvinonzi zvichagarwa, zvichireva kuti kutorwa kwedzimba kwegore rino kuri kuda kubvisa. vanenge 27,000 veDetroiter kubva kudzimba dzavo.
Ndiyo nhamba huru muguta riri kupera naro vasingasviki 700,000 vagari, asi nhamba dzacho dzakarongwa kuti dzitonyanya kuipa. Mumwedzi mishoma inotevera, mubati wehomwe weWayne County achange achipa zviziviso zvekuvharirwa pane 110,000 zvimwe zvivakwa, 85,000 izvo zviri muDetroit, sekureva kwemutevedzeri wemubati wehomwe David Szymanski. With hafu yezvivakwa zveDetroit zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvichagarwa, izvi zvinoreva imwe 115,000 Detroiters inogona kurasikirwa nemisha yavo gore rinouya.
Muguta rinofungidzirwa kuti riri kuedza kukwezva vagari pane kuvarasa, izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu 142,000 XNUMX veDetroiterโchikamu chimwe muzvishanu chevagari veguta rachoโvacharatidzwa suo mukati megore rinotevera nehafu. Guta harisati razivisa hurongwa hwekugara vanenge vadzingwa.
Vagari veDetroit-vateresi, avo pamwe chete vanotora inopfuura hafu yezvivakwa zvegutamaererano nekambani yedata yeLoveland Technologies, vanogaropomerwa mhosva yekusawana mari shoma kweguta, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvivakwa zveveruzhinji uye vanoonekwa sechimwe chezvikonzero zvakaita kuti guta rishaye simba pakutanga.
Meya weguta achiri mutsva, Mike Duggan, anofarira kutaura pamisangano yevatori venhau nemisangano yemudhorobha kuti anoda kushanda nevagari veDetroit "vakanaka" - avo vanotsvaga kubhadhara mabhiri avo nekucheka uswa hwavo. Asi nekuedza kushoma kuri kuitwa kuchengetedza vagari vari kumashure pamabhiri avo uye vakatarisana nekuvharirwa, vamwe vari kutanga kunzwa sekunge kudzingwa ichikamu chezano rakakura rekubvisa maguta makuru evagari varo varombo - yemazuva ano. chimiro chekumanikidzwa kutama.
"Iyo inosuruvarisa uye yakanyanyisa vhezheni yemaitiro anozivikanwa," anodaro Cheryl Harris, purofesa wekodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko rwevanhu paUCLA Chikoro cheMutemo. Harris anodana dhizaini yeDetroit senzira huru ye "kubvisa rudzi."
Kumanikidzwa kutamiswa inyaya inonetsa muDetroit, uko, muma1950s, machuru makuru evarombo, nharaunda dzevatema dzakaparadzwa kuti dzive nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa. Vagari vatema vakachengetwa kunze kwenzvimbo dzakachena dzeguta kusvika kuma'60s.
Harris anoti kudzingwa uku kunofanirwa kutariswa pamwe chete ne "nhaka yezvirongwa zvedzimba zvine rusarura izvo zvinoisa zvivakwa izvi [zvavatema] uye varidzi vezvivakwa [vatema] panjodzi yakasiyana mukati memusika, ndokudziisa sekukosha kwekutanga. .โ
In bhuku remasemina pamusoro pekusaenzana kwaDetroit, Thomas Sugrue, purofesa wenhoroondo uye zvemagariro evanhu paYunivhesiti yePennsylvania, akasimbisa migumisiro inogara kwenguva refu yemitemo yerusaruro yedzimba mushure mehondo, kusanganisira redlining, iyo yakaronga nharaunda dzine kunyange vashoma vashomanana vevanhu vatema vanogara mairi sevasina kukodzera kudyara. kana zvikwereti zvemortgage. (Muchikamu chaChikunguru che The Atlanticpakutanga kwegore rino, Ta-Nehisi Coates yakanyatso mepu kuti maitiro aya akaitwa sei muChicago.)
Kutangwa kwemisika miviri yedzimba dzakapatsanurwa kwaifarira vanhu vachena, kuvharidzira vanhu vatema kubva kuzvikwereti zvedzimba zvinotsigirwa nemubatanidzwa uye kuita kuti vabatwe nechisimba kubva kune vanokweretesa vane mikana. Iyi misika miviri yakaisa chiitiko cheDetroit's 1967 mhirizhonga yemujaho uye yakamhanyisa nhanho yekubhururuka chena. Kuenderera mberi, kunowedzera upfumi kusawirirana pakati pemhuri dzevachena nevatemaโfungidziro yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi ndeyokuti mhuri dzevachena dzakapfuma nekatanhatu kupfuura vamwe vadzo vatema- inogona muchidimbu kutsanangurwa nenhoroondo inoenderera yerusarura rwedzimba.
โIyi ndiyo imba yakakurira sekuru, amai vangu vakakurira, uye yandinorangarira ndiri mudiki. Ndinoda kuti vanasikana vangu vakurewo mumba muno. Uku ndiko kumba kwedu,โ anodaro. Uye zvakadaro Esters, uyo anoda kupedzisira ashandura imba yake kuti ive nzvimbo yevasikana vechidiki vari kubuda mukurerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo, anogona kuibvisa mumwedzi mishoma inotevera.
Paakatanga kudzokera kuDetroit, kuwana basa kwakanga kusingabviri, anodaro Esters. Mabasa aaingowana aiva ezvitoro zvemadhora nemaresitorendi aitengesa zvokudya zvinokurumidza. Pakupedzisira, akadzokera kuchikoro uye murume wake akawana basa rekuvaka somutyairi weforklift. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakatamburira kuti vawane chouviri ndokusarira shure pamabhiri.
Mushure mekunge imba yavo yepasi yadeuka mvura, Esters akarohwa ne$4,000 yemvura yaasina kukwanisa kubhadhara. Chikwereti chacho chakaendeswa kumutero wake wepfuma-muitiro wakajairika, unobatanidza Detroit's dambudziko rekuvhara mvura zvakananga kune izvi zvakavharwa. Imba yake payakavharirwa gore rino nemubati wehomwe weWayne County, aive nechikwereti chemutero chinodarika $12,000, bhiri rakanga rakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwemuripo uye 18 muzana pagore remhindu. Mari yacho yakanga isingasviki kuna Esters nemhuri yake, sezvakaita gadziriro ipi neipi yokubhadhara yaakapiwa.
Esters anogona kuramba akatarisa patsangadzi yake, uye kunyange kudyara maruva, asi kune avo vari kutungamira, izvo hazvinyatso kucheka. โKana vasingakwanisi kubhadhara mitero, havatombokwanisi kuva nemba. Naizvozvo panzvimbo pokuva saimba, vanofanira kuva rendi,โ anodaro Szymanski, mutevedzeri mukuru wemubati wehomwe.
Zvichida nokuti vakawanda vanodavira kuti varombo havana kugadzirira zvakakwana kuva varidzi vedzimba, vanhu vashoma vanorasikirwa nedzimba dzavo nekuda kwekubirwa vakaziviswa kuti vanogona kutengazve dzimba dzavo. Mutero weimba wakapihwa usingabhadharwe unogona kusvika kuzviuru zvemadhora, asi varidzi vedzimba vazhinji havazive kuti vanogona kudzima zvikwereti zvavo uye kuwanazve muridzi ne. kubhidha dzimba dzavo nemitengo yakaderera se$500.
Michele Oberholtzer, munyori weDetroit uye mainjiniya, paakaongorora zviuru zvakafambwa zvivakwa pachibvumirano chakazvimiririra mwedzi wapera, akaona kuti vashoma vevagari vaiziva nezvesarudzo dzavo. Anoti zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana zvevanhu vaakataura navo vangave vasingazive nezvekuvapo kweokisheni kana kugona kwavo kuedza kudzosa dzimba dzavakavharirwa, dzakadzimwa chikwereti chose. Masangano akavakirwa munharaunda ari kuita nepaanogona napo kugadzirisa gaka reruzivo iri, asi zviwanikwa zvishoma.
Zvivakwa zviri kutengeswa muWayne County auction zvakakwira muchikamu chekutanga munaGunyana pamutengo wakakwana wemitero uye zvikwereti zvinokweretwa. Dunhu rechipiri raGumiguru rinodzima chikwereti chose uye rotengesa dzimba nemutengo wekutanga wemadhora mazana mashanu, ichivhara Wayne County inofungidzirwa kuti yekutonga imba imwe chete. Dunhu rechipiri reokisheni rakatanga muna Gumiguru 500 uye rinopfuura Gumiguru 9, asi mazuva ayo anopisa zvakanyanya ari musvondo rayo rekupedzisira. Kutanga nezuro, mabhii ekupedzisira ari kuvhara padzimba zana pamaminitsi gumi nemashanu ega ega.
Kubva paakawana kuti mhuri dzine vana vadiki dzinogara mudzimba dzakavharirwa uye kazhinji hadzina ruzivo nezve zvingaitwe kuti dzitorezve, Oberholtzer akatanga kutsvaga mari. Akasika iyo 'Tricycle Collective' uye vakakwanisa kuunganidza mari yemhuri gumi, kusanganisira yeEsters, nechinangwa chekuti vadzoserwe dzimba dzavo paokisheni. Shamwari zhinji dzaOberholtzer โ vechidiki, vachena, nyanzvi dzakadzidza kukoreji saiye โ vari kubhidhaira muWayne County mutero wekufambirwa kwemutero padzimba ivo pachavo, anodaro.
Zvinosuwisa kuti dzimba dzinonyanya kudiwa kutengwa paokisheni ndedziya dzichiri kugara, sedzimba dziri kugara Esters naBrown. Zvivakwa zvakasiiwa, kune rumwe rutivi, vanowanzo kurumidza kubviswa nhengo dzavo dzose dzinokosha uye saka zvinodhura zvakanyanya kuti udzokere kumamiriro ekugara.
Pane kumwe kuedza kukuru kwekubatsira. Ted Phillips, director weUnited Community Housing Coalition mudhorobha reDetroit, vanga vachitungamira kuzivisa vanhu nezvesarudzo dzavangaite kana dzimba dzavo dzatorwa. Kana vakasawedzerwa kana kuisirwa chirongwa chekubhadhara, mubatanidzwa uchaita nepaunogona kubhidha dzimba dzavo. Phillips anoti iye nechikwata chake chevanomwe vachange vachitenderedza tafura yemusangano svondo rino, vachitsvaga kudzosa dzimba dzinosvika mazana mashanu nemutengo unofungidzirwa wemadhora zana nemakumi maviri nemakumi mashanu. Pakafambwa neguta makore gumi apfuura, United Community Housing Coalition yakakwanisa kudzivirira kudzingwa kwakawanda, asi kwave kuvharirwa kwakawanda iko zvino kuti sangano rirwise vese.
Vanhu vakaita saBrown, aimboshanda muchina kudivi rekumabvazuva, vanodonha nemumitswe, vachivaisa panjodzi yezvirongwa zvekukweretesa. Iye ega munhu akapa kubatsira kusvika parizvino ndi "nyanzvi yekuvhara" akafonera Brown svondo rapfuura achimupa chikwereti cheminiti yekupedzisira, anodaro.
Esters anoita kunge aine tariro yekuti acharegererwa muminiti yekupedzisira, asi mukana wechipiri wevanhu vakaita saye hausi kuita seunoenderana nemutemo weguta. Ichangobva kuvandudzwa Detroit Land Bank Authority iri kutarisa kukwezva vagari vatsva kuguta, kwete kuchengeta vekare. Chiremera chiri kutengesa dzimba dzine kana kudzoserwa neguta reDetroit kuburikidza neayo yakanyanya kucheneswa online auction yayo- "Vavakidzani vanodiwa," webhusaiti yayo chirpily inozivisa.
Chikamu chechipiri chemutemo weDetroit Land Bank Authority - kunze kwekukwezva rudzi runodikanwa rwemugari - kuita hurongwa hwekupedza zvachose blight muDetroit mumakore mashanu anotevera. pamutengo wose uri pakati pe$500 mamiriyoni ne$1 bhiriyoni. Mari yakatanga kushandiswa kubvisa blight i$52 miriyoni mumari yemubatanidzwa iyo yakatanga kucherechedzwa kuti ibvise kuvharwa. Craig Fahle, mutauriri pachiremera, akadana kuedza kuparadza dzimwe nharaunda "chinodiwa zvakanyanya."
Asi Esters, ane block muEast Detroit ane dzimba nhanhatu dzakagarwa dzasara kunze kwemakumi maviri nenhanhatu, anoti mumakore mashanu apfuura, dzimba nhatu dzakagarwa dzave dzisina munhu nekuda kwekuvharwa. Dzimba dzose dziri nhatu dzave kuparara zvachose, dzakakodzera kuputswa. โHamufungi here kuti nzira yakanakisa yekumisa dambudziko ndeyekuchengeta vanhu mudzimba dzavo?โ akazvibvunza.
Ester anonongedza imba yakavakidzana neyake, iyo yakanga iri yemhuri yainzi vanaMarefu kwezvizvarwa zvitatu. The Longs yakafungirwa makore maviri apfuura, uye zvino imba yave magineti kune vanoshandisa crack, anodaro. Kunyange zvakadaro, Esters anoda kugara. "Iyi inogona kutaridzika senyika yechitatu, asi isu tiri nharaunda yakabatana," anodaro.
Pasinei nokuti anokwanisa kuchengeta imba yake, ramangwana renharaunda yeEsters rinogona kunge risiri mumaoko ake. Detroit's movers uye shaker vakagamuchira zvakanyanya Chirevo chekuronga-madhorobha uye "strategic framework" yakaburitswa neDetroit Future City gore rapera. Mayoral 10-point zvirongwa, mishumo yeguta, uye kupa zvikumbiro zvese nekuzviziva zvinofambirana neDetroit Future City's agenda, iyo inosanganisira gadziriro dzekubvisa dzimwe nharaunda pamusoro pevamwe.
Mamepu eDetroit Future City anoratidza kuti nharaunda dzeEster's neBrown dzakagadzirirwa kubviswa, paine kurudziro yekuti "dzive nevanhu vashoma." Izvi zvingave kugadzira nzira yekushandiswa kwe "innovation kugadzira", izvo zvinoita kunge zvichireva ivhu riri kushandiswa kuchengetera mvura uye zvinogona kuitika mumvura.
Detroit Land Bank Authority ichapihwa ese asina kutengwa mijenya kubva kuWayne County auction, zvichireva kuti chiremera chinogona kutanga kuve nezvachinoda kuti chizadzise chirongwa cheDetroit Future City.
Kuna Harris, purofesa wemutemo wekodzero dzevanhu kuUCLA, achisundidzira vagari kunze uye kupomera kusakwanisa kubhadhara kwavo kuri kufuratira nyaya hombe, yezvimiro zverusaruraganda. "Ini ndinoda kuramba pfungwa yekuti izvi ndezvemaitiro emunhu ega eDetroiters kana zviri kuitika muguta iri imhando yekunonoka kubuda nechinangwa chekutorazve," anodaro Harris. "Ivo havana chinangwa chekukiya masuwo eDetroit voenda. Handizvo zviri kuitika pano. Zviri kuitika imhando yekuchenesa pasi pekugadzirisa kwayo. "
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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