Kusiyana nemuhoro, mari yeinishuwarenzi yehutano haisi pasi pemutero. Zvikumbiro zvekugumisa kubviswa kwemutero uyu zviri kubuda munhaurirano dzekuti ungabhadhara sei kugadzirisa kwehutano. Zvinyorwa zvichangoburwa kubva kuNew York Times, Washington Post, uye New Republic vakataura kuti vepamusoro White House vabatsiri uye nhengo dzekongiresi dzinoda kuchengetedza sarudzo yekubhadharisa mutero hutano hwevashandirwi zvakasimba patafura. Pamusangano uchangoburwa weWhite House for Health Reform, maseneta Max Baucus naRon Wyden vakaenderera mberi nekufona kwavo kuti vachinje mabatirwo emutero wemabhenefiti ehutano kuitira kuti vawane mari yekuwedzera.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushomeka kwebhajeti rakawanda, tarisiro yekuwanazve mari inosvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora nekubhadharisa mutero uyu mabhenefiti ari kukwezva. Asi isu tinofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuchenjerera kwakanyanya tisati taenda kunovharira kana kubvisa kusabatanidzwa kwemutero uku. Mukuedza kubhadhara kuwedzera kwekuwedzera, mutero wehutano hwehutano haufanire kuve nzvimbo yekutanga yatinotarisa, asi panzvimbo yekupedzisira, uye chete mushure mekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwakakura hwave panzvimbo yekuvhara munhu wese.
Gwaro razvino rekubvisa mabhenefiti ehutano kubva pamutero rinopa vashandirwi kurudziro yekupa inishuwarenzi yehutano kuvashandi vavo. Apo mapoka makuru evashandi (nemhuri dzavo) anosaina-inishuwarenzi yehutano kuburikidza nevashandirwi, "madziva engozi" anoumbwa. Chinokosha kune idzi dziva dzengozi ndechokuti vanhu havana kuiswa mumapoka maererano nehutano hwavo, vachigadzira dziva reinishuwarenzi rinoshanda uye rakagadzikana. Kubhadharisa inishuwarenzi yehutano mabhenefiti kwaizokurudzira vechidiki uye vane hutano kuti vabude mumadziva aya; pakubuda kwavo, miripo yaizokwira kune avo vanenge vasara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutemo unobhadhara mitero yehutano hunogona kukurumidza kukukurwa kweinishuwarenzi inotsigirwa nemushandirwi yakaitika kubva muna 2000 uye nekudaro zvinoita kuti vanhu vazhinji varasikirwe neinishuwarenzi zvachose.
Isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa zvirinani kuti vanorasikirwa ndevapi kubva mukubhadharisa hutano hwemutero pane imwe nhanho (izvo nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinodaidza kuti "capping kubviswa kwemutero"). Vamwe vanopokana kuti chivharo chaizonyanya kubata avo vane "Cadillac" kana "goridhe-yakaputirwa" yekuvhara, asi iyo haisi iyo nyaya yese. Tsvagiridzo yangu (2009) yakaburitswa muTax Notes, inoratidza kuti kubhadharisa mutero wehutano hwepamusoro kucharemedza zvikuru mapoka maviri: vashandi mumafemu madiki nevashandi vari mumadziva evashandirwi ane njodzi dzehutano dzakanyanya, sedziya dzine chikamu chikuru chevashandi vakura.
Mabhizinesi madiki ari kubhadhara mari yepamusoro yeinishuwarenzi yavanopa kuvashandi vavo kwete nekuti hurongwa hwakanyanya, asi nekuti vane mari dzekutonga dzakakwira uye dzinosanganisira vashandi vashoma kuti vaumbe dziva rakakura renjodzi rinoita kuti vakwanise kuwana miripo yakaderera. Vashandi vane hunhu hunovaita kuti varongwe senjodzi dzepamusoro dzinoita kuti vadhure kuita inishuwarenzi. Kuwedzera mutero pamusoro pemutengo wemaprimiyamu ivo nevashandirwi vavo vanobhadhara zvingangoita kuti vazhinji vavo vapinde mumapoka evasina inshuwarisi.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mutengo wepamusoro wezvirongwa izvi unogona kusabva kune chero mabhero nemuridzo (kureva, anonzi Cadillac mabhenefiti) mukugovera kwavo asi kubva mukusaenzana kwakakosha munzira iyo inishuwarenzi yemapoka aya iri mutengo parizvino. Gwaro rekubhadharisa hutano hwemutero pane imwe mari yedhora chishandiso chisina kujeka chinogona kukuvadza zvikuru kune vanhu chaivo vatinofanira kunge tichivavarira kubatsira. Uyezve, matambudziko aya angangowedzerwa nekavha inotadza kuenderana nemitengo yezvehutano yeramangwana.
Vamwe vanopokana kuti kubhadharisa hutano kunobatsira kutakura kukura kwemitengo yekuchengetedza hutano nekukurudzira vanhu kutenga zvakachipa, zvishoma-zvakakwana zvekuvhara. Mufungo ndewekuti, kana varwere vachifanira kubhadhara chikamu chepamusoro chemitengo yekushanyira chiremba (kuburikidza nemitengo yakakwira kana mari yekubhadhara yakakwira), ipapo vanozoshandisa mabasa ehutano nekuchenjerera (zvisinei, munhu anofanira kucherechedza, kwete zvakanyanya. zvine hungwaru). Asi izvo zvingango wanikwa mumutengo wekuchengetedza kubva mumitero hutano mabhenefiti zvakawandisa. Tinoziva kuti 80% yemari yehutano inotakurwa ne20% yevanhu. Matanho akakomba ekutakura muripo anofanirwa kubata nekudzikisa mitengo yenyaya dzinodhura zvakanyanya muhurongwa hwedu (semuenzaniso, kubata zvirwere zvisingaperi) pane kupokana pamusoro pezvishoma zvakashandiswa nevamwe vanhu. Mitemo yakagadzwa pakutonga mumazana mashoma ekutanga emadhora ekushandisa hutano haaite nemazvo kana nemazvo izvo zviri kutyaira zvakanyanya zvehutano hweUS.
Kuti uwedzere kuomesa nyaya, kutonga mutemo wekubhadharisa hutano hutano kwakaoma kupfuura zvakafungwa nevakawanda. Zvingadhurira vashandirwi uye kugadzira matambudziko asingatarisirwi kune vashandi vanokanganisika. Zvinoda kuti vashandirwi vaongorore kukosha kwemupiro wavo kuinishuwarenzi yehutano yevashandi vavo - harisi basa riri nyore, kunyanya kune avo vashandirwi vanozviitira ivo pachavo inishuwarenzi. (Kuti uwane hurukuro yakazara yezvinetso zvekushandiswa, ona pfupi pfupi yapfuura naPaul Fronstin (2009) kubva kuVashandi Benefit Research.
Institute.)
Bhajeti yaPresident Obama inoita muripo wakaderera uye wakakura pakuvandudza hutano, uye vanogadzira mitemo yezvehutano vanoziva kuti kune mari yakawanda kunze uko inochengetedzwa kuburikidza nekuvandudza kwehungwaru kunovandudza kunaka nekushanda kwehurongwa hwese. Kubhadharisa hutano hwemutero, chokwadi, imwe nzira yekuvhara gaka remari, asi haifanirwe kutorwa pasina kutariswa zvakanyanya kune vakarasika kubva mugwaro rakadaro uye pasina hurongwa hunoshanda hwatove hwakasimba munzvimbo inovhara munhu wese.
References
Calmes, Jackie naRobert Pear. 2009. Kutonga kwakavhurika kumitero yehutano. Kurume 14. New York Times.
Cohn, Jonathan. 2009. Mutero wehutano hwangu. Ndapota.
Kurume 17. The New Republic.
Fronstin, Pauro. 2009. Capping the Tax Exclusion for Employment-Based Health Coverage: Zvinokonzerwa neVashandi neVashandi. EBRI Nyaya Pfupiso #325.
Washington, DC: Employee Benefit Research Institute.
Gould, Elise. 2008. Kuparara kwe Employer-Sponsored Health Inishuwarenzi. EPI Briefing Pepa #223. Washington,
DC: Economic Policy Institute.
Gould, Elise naAlexandra Minicozzi. 2009. Ndiani anorasikirwa kana tikaganhurira kubviswa kwemutero kune inishuwarenzi yehutano? Tax Notes, Vol. 122, No. 10, mapeji 1259-62.
Montgomery, Lori. 2009. Mabhenefiti ehutano hwevashandi akatariswa mutero. Kurume 12. Washington Post.
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[Elise Gould ndiye Director weHealth Policy Research kuEconomic Policy Institute. Akabatana neEconomic Policy Institute munaGunyana 2003. Nzvimbo dzake dzekutsvagisa dzinosanganisira inishuwarenzi yehutano inotsigirwa nemushandirwi, kusabhadharirwa mutero wemushandirwi, mutoro wemitengo yehutano, kusaenzana kwemari uye hutano, uye kuvharirwa kwevanoenda pamudyandigere. Akanyora chitsauko chezvehutano muThe State of Working America 2008/09, akanyora pamwe bhuku pamusoro pekuvharirwa inishuwarenzi yehutano pamudyandigere, rakaburitswa munzvimbo dzakadai seThe Chronicle of Higher Education, Challenge Magazine, uye Tax Notes, uye mabhuku ezvidzidzo. kusanganisira Health Economics, Journal of Aging and Social Policy, Risk Management & Insurance Review, uye International Journal of Health Services. Akataurwa neakasiyana enhau masosi anosanganisira Bloomberg, NPR, New York Times, uye Wall Street Journal, uye maonero ake akaonekwa pamapeji e-op-ed eUSA Nhasi uye Detroit News.]
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