Hurukuro yakapiwa naProf. Francis A. Boyle pa Illinois Disciples Foundation, Champaign, Illinois musi wa18 Gumiguru, 2001, yakapepetwa neNY Transfer News, NY Transfer News Collective.
HAPANA HONDO PANE AFGHANISTAN!
ziviso
Ndatenda. Ndiri kufara zvikuru kuva pano manheru ano zvakare paIllinois Disciples Foundation, iyo yagara iri muzinda wekuronga runyararo, kururamisira uye kodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo ino kubvira pandakatanga kuuya munharaunda iyi kubva kuBoston muna Chikunguru 1978. , uye kunyanya pasi peaichimbova mushumiri wayo, shamwari yangu Jim Holiman. Ndinodawo kutenda Joe Miller naJeff Machotta veVietnam Veterans Against the War nekundikoka kuti nditaure pano manheru ano. Vanhu vezera rangu vachiri kurangarira kukosha kwazvaive zvakaita kuti veVietnam Veterans Against the War varongedzwe uye vataure vachipokana neHondo yeVietnam. Vanoramba vachishanda sezwi rerunyararo munyika kune chizvarwa chakapfuura.
Ini ndoda kutanga nedzidziso yangu yekutanga kuti hondo yeBush yekurwisa Afghanistan haigone kupembedzwa pane chokwadi kana mutemo. Zviri pachena kuti hazvisi pamutemo. Zvinoumba chisimba chepfuti. Iri kugadzira njodzi yekubatsira vanhu veAfghanistan.
Zviri kukonzera kusagadzikana kwedunhu kunotyisa. Parizvino nhasi tave nemabharaki epfuti mhiri kwemuganhu pakati peIndia nePakistan, dzakarwa hondo mbiri kare pamusoro peKashmir uye nanhasi vane zvombo zvenyukireya. Iyo nguva yakareba hondo iyi ichienderera mberi zvakanyanya, haisi kuzongove yemamiriyoni evanhu muAfghanistan asiwo mufungidziro ye1.2 bhiriyoni maMuslim epasi rose uye makumi mashanu nemasere echiMuslim nyika. Hapana kana mumwe wavo anotenda manyepo ekutonga kweBush kuti iyi haisi hondo yekurwisa Islam.
Chokwadi
Zvino regai nditange ndataura chokwadi. Sezvaunorangarira, Secretary of State Colin Powell akataura pachena kuti vaizoburitsa "bepa jena" rinonyora nyaya yavo yaipokana naOsama bin Laden nesangano ravo Al Qaeda. Zvakanaka, isu isu tiri musangano rerunyararo tinoziva "mapepa machena" kubva kare. Vanogara vakaremerwa nepropaganda, hafu-chokwadi, dissimulations, nezvimwewo izvo zvinowanzorambwa nyore nyore mushure mekuongorora zvishoma. Chii chaitika apa? Hatina kumbowana "bepa chena" rakagadzirwa nehurumende yeUnited States. Zip, zero, hapana.
Chii chatakawana panzvimbo? Iyo chete "chirevo chechokwadi" chatakawana kubva kune mukuru wehurumende yeUnited States chakataurwa mu October 3 chinyorwa che Nguva Itsva Yekutaura [aka: New York Times] yakatsanangura zvakapfupikiswa nemumiriri weUS uyo akaenda kunozivisa vabatsiri vedu veNATO nezvenyaya yekutonga kwaBush yaipokana naBin Laden neAl Qaeda sezvizvi: “Mumwe mukuru wekuMadokero kuNATO akataura mapfupi, aive nemuromo, asina masiraidhi kana zvinyorwa, havana kuzivisa chero kurongeka kwakananga kubva kuna Vabin Laden, uye havana kuratidza kuti vaTaliban vaiziva nezvekurwisa kusati kwaitika. Mumwe mumiriri mukuru weimwe nyika yakabatana akataura muchidimbu sekuti "hapana chitsva kana chinoshamisa," achiwedzera kuti: "Kwaingove kutsanangura uye kurondedzera pane kuferefeta." Pakanga pasina kuedza kuvaka nyaya yepamutemo.’” Ndiye mumwe munhu akanga ari pamusangano wacho!
Zvatakawana i "white paper" kubva kuna Tony Blair. Pane munhu mumba umu akavhotera Tony Blair here? Aihwa! Iro "bepa jena" riri mutsika yakatsveneswa ye "bepa jena," zvichibva pakunyepedzera, kupomera, makuhwa, nezvimwewo. Kunyange hurumende yeBritain yakabvuma mhosva yaBlair yaipokana naBin Laden neAl Qaeda yaisazomira mudare. Sezvineiwo, yaigara ichinyombwa mumapepanhau eBritish. Pakanga pasina chinhu ipapo.
Ikozvino handichaziva ini kuti ndiyani aive kumashure kwekurwiswa kwemagandanga September 11. Zvinoita sekuti hatizombofa takazviziva. Sei? Nekuti Congress “muhuchenjeri” hwayo yakasarudza kusanzwira tsitsi komiti yakabatana yeDzimba dzeCongress mbiri nesimba, ichivapa mukana kune chero zvinyorwa zvavanoda mubazi ripi neripi rehurumende yeUnited States, kusanganisira F.B.I., C.I.A., N.S.A., D.I.A.. Kuisa vanhu ava mumhiko uye kupupura pamusoro pezvakaitika pasi pechirango chekupika nhema. Hatisi kuzowana kuferefeta ikoko.
mutemo
Zvino ngatitarisei mutemo. Pakarepo mushure mekurwiswa chirevo chekutanga cheMutungamiri Bush chaakaita muFlorida chaive chekudaidza kurwiswa uku chiitiko chehugandanga. Iye zvino pasi pemutemo wemumba weUnited States tine tsananguro yehugandanga uye zvakajeka izvi zvingave zvinokodzera sechiito kana zviito zvehugandanga. Nezvikonzero zvandinogona kupinda mazviri gare gare kana uchida, pasi pemutemo wepasi rose uye maitiro hapana tsanangudzo inogamuchirwa yehugandanga. Asi zvechokwadi pasi pemutemo wemumba weUnited States izvi zvakakodzerwa sechiito chehugandanga. Chii chaitika?
Zvakanaka zvakare maererano ne Nguva Itsva Yekutaura, Mutungamiri Bush vakabvunzana naMunyori Powell uye kamwe-kamwe vakashandura rhetoric uye chimiro chezvakaitika pano. Ivo zvino vakachidaidza kuti chiito chehondo. Zviri pachena kuti ichi chakanga chisiri chiito chehondo.
Pane misiyano mikuru pamabatiro aunoita chiitiko chehugandanga uye mabatiro aunoita chiitiko chehondo. Takambobata nezviito zvehugandanga. Kazhinji zviito zvehugandanga zvinobatwa senyaya yekutevedzwa kwemitemo yepasirese uye yemunyika.
Sekuona kwangu ndiwo maitirwo akaitwa mabhomba aya, zviitiko izvi, zvinofanirwa kunge zvakagadziriswa: kuchengetedzwa kwemitemo yepasi rese nemunyika. Chokwadi pane chibvumirano chakananga padanho. Kunyangwe United Nations isina kukwanisa kubvumirana pane tsananguro yehugandanga, vakafunga kuputsa hugandanga muzvikamu zvayo uye kubata navo zvishoma-shoma: Ngatiparadzei maitiro ehutsotsi atinoda kumisa.
Iyo Montreal Sabotage Kokorodzano iri padanho. Inopa mhosva kuparadzwa kwendege dzevanhu vari pabasa. United States ibato. Afghanistan ibato. Iine hutongi hwese hwemutemo hwekugadzirisa gakava iri. The Bush administration
kungofuratira Montreal Sabotage Convention.
Paive zvakare neUN Terrorist Bombing Convention iri zvakare padanho. Pakupedzisira hurumende yeBush yakangotaura, hongu hongu Senate yedu inofanira kubvumirana negungano iri. Yagara mudare reSeneti kwenguva yakati rebei, ichinonoka nekuda kwekupokana nedare reSeneti kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika kuburikidza nezvibvumirano pazvinhu zvakatevedzana.
Chokwadi, kune zvibvumirano zvakanaka gumi nezviviri kusvika kune gumi nezvitatu kunze uko zvinobata nezvikamu zvakasiyana uye mativi eizvo vanhu vanowanzodaidza kuti hugandanga hwepasirese hungadai hwakashandiswa nekuvimbwa nahwo nehutungamiri hweBush kugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Asi vakaramba nzira iyoyo yose uye vakaitumidza kuti chiito chehondo. Vakashandisa kutaura nemaune kwe Pearl Harbor - Zvita 12, 13. Yakanga iri sarudzo yekuziva kuwedzera masiteki, kuwedzera maonero evanhu vekuAmerica pamusoro pezviri kuitika pano.
Ehe zvazvinoreva apa ndezvekuti kana ichi chiri chiito chehondo saka hauite nazvo uchishandisa zvibvumirano zvepasi rose nezvibvumirano. Munobata nazvo muchishandisa simba rehondo. Unoenda kuhondo. Saka sarudzo yakaitwa kare kare mukuita. Takanga tichizosiya, zvisina maturo, kufuratira hurongwa hwese hwezvibvumirano zvepasi rose nezvibvumirano zvakanga zvatangwa kwemakore 25 kuti zvigadzirise matambudziko emhando iyi uye kuti tiende kuhondo.
Chiito chehondo chine chirevo chepamutemo. Rinoreva kurwisa kweimwe nyika kune imwe
nyika, izvo zvechokwadi ndizvo zvakaitika musi waDecember 7, 1941. Asi kwete musi waSeptember 11, 2001.
Sangano reU.N. Security Council
Zuva rinotevera September 12, hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakapinda muUnited Nations Security Council kuti vawane chisungo chinobvumidza kushandiswa kwemauto uye vakakundikana. Zvinonyatsojeka kana ukaverenga resolution, vakaedza kuwana chiremera chekushandisa simba uye vakatadza. Chokwadi the September 12 resolution, pachinzvimbo chekudaidza uku kurwiswa nepfuti kwakaitwa neimwe nyika kune imwe nyika, kwakadaidza kuti kurwisa kwemagandanga. Uye zvakare kune hukuru hwemutsauko pakati pekurwiswa kwezvombo neimwe nyika kune imwe nyika - chiito chehondo - uye kurwisa kwemagandanga. Magandanga anobatwa sematsotsi. Havabatwe senyika.
Zvino izvo Bush manejimendi akaedza kuita September 12 kwaiva kuwana chisungo maererano nezvakaitwa naBush Sr. mukumhanya kusvika kuGulf War mukupera kwaMbudzi wa1990. Ndinofunga kuti kuenzanisa kwakaringana: Bush Mudiki naBush Sr. Bush Sr. vakawana.
Chisungo chakabva kuSecurity Council chinobvumidza nyika dziri nhengo kushandisa “nzira dzese dzinodiwa” kudzinga Iraq muKuwait. Pakutanga vaida mutauro imomo unobvumira kushandiswa kwechiuto. MaChinese akaramba - saka vakashandisa euphemism
"nzira dzose dzinodiwa." Asi munhu wose aiziva zvazvaireva. Kana iwe ukatarisa kugadzirisa kwe September 12 mutauro iwoyo haumo imomo. Pakanga pasina chiremera chokushandisa simba rehondo zvachose. Havana chavakambowana.
US Congress
Vatadza kuita izvozvo hutungamiriri hweBush Jr. vakabva vaenda kuUnited States Congress uye vachishandisa manzwiro enguva iyi vakaedza kupinda mumvumo yekuenda kuhondo mumamiriro ezvinhu. Hatizivi kuti chii chaizvo chavakange vataura
yaiva panguva iyoyo. Maererano nekutaura kwakaitwa naSenator Byrd mu Nguva Itsva Yekutaura, zvisinei, kana iwe ukaverenga pakati pemitsara inoratidzika kuti vaida chiziviso chepamutemo chehondo pamwe chete nemitsetse yeiyo Mutungamiri Roosevelt akawana musi waDecember 8, 1941 mushure mePearl Harbor.
Congress yakaramba kuvapa izvozvo, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Dai chiziviso chehondo chakapihwa zvaizoita kuti Mutungamiriri ave mudzvanyiriri webumbiro.[i][1] Tese tinenge tichirarama tiri pasi pemutemo weMarshal. Congress inogona kunge yakangosimuka ndokuenda kumba sezvakaita Imba nhasi, iyo, nenzira, yakakurudzirwa neMutungamiri Bush. Yaive kurudziro yake [mukupindura kurwiswa kwechigwadara].[ii] [2]
Uchayeuka somugumisiro wekuzivisa ikoko kwehondo pana Zvita 8, 1941, takava nembiri yakashata. Korematsu nyaya apo vagari vekuJapan vekuAmerica vakaunganidzwa vakaiswa mumisasa yevasungwa pasina chimwe chinhu kunze kwekurayira kwemauto izvo zvakazobuda kuve kumiririrwa kwechokwadi kwenyaya yekuti maJapan ekuAmerica aiita imwe mhando yekutyisidzira. [3] Dai Bush akawana chiziviso chehondo, tingadai tiri patsoka imwechete nhasi. The Korematsu nyaya yacho haina kumbobviswa neDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States.
Panzvimbo pezvo, Congress yakapa Mutungamiri Bush Jr. iyo inodaidzwa kuti War Powers Resolution Authorization - pasi peWar Powers Resolution ya1973 iyo yakapfuudzwa pamusoro pevhoti yaPresident Nixon, iyo ine 2/3rds ruzhinji mudzimba dzese dzeCongress, uye yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira imwe. Tonkin Gulf Resolution uye imwe Hondo yeVietnam. Nhengo imwe chete yakashinga yeCongress, Barbara Lee, mumiriri weAfrica muAmerica kubva kuOakland, akavhotera kupokana nazvo sechinhu chemusimboti.
Chisarudzo ichi, kunyangwe chisina kushata sekuziviswa kwehondo, chakatoipisisa kupfuura Tonkin Gulf Resolution. Izvo zvinopa Mutungamiri Bush cheki isina chinhu yekushandisa mauto kurwisa chero munhu, sangano, kana nyika yaanoti - cherechedza ipse dixit yake - yaive neimwe nzira mukurwiswa kwakaitwa. September 11 kana kuti vakachengetedzwa, vakachengetwa, kana vanhu vakabatsirwa vari mukurwisa September 11. Mune mamwe mazwi, Bush parizvino ane cheki isina chinhu chakanyanya kurwa hondo nechero nyika yaanoda kubva kuUnited States Congress. Zvakazoteverwa neCongress nemari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mana emadhora semuripo wekurwa iyi de facto war.
Nengozi kwazvo, iyi War Powers Resolution Authorization. Hapana nzira chaiyo inogona kurwiswa mudare panguva ino nenguva. Mukupisa kwechinguva, Congress yakamupa simba iri. Ichiripo pamabhuku.
Zvakare ngatienzanisei uye tisiyane nechisarudzo ichi nechakawanikwa naBush Sr. muGulf Crisis. Bush Sr. akawana chisungo chake cheU.N. Security Council. Akabva azviendesa kuCongress kuti apihwe mvumo pasi peWar Powers Resolution uye vakamupa mvumo chaiyo yekushandisa mauto nechinangwa chekuita chisungo cheSecurity Council - chaive chinangwa chekudzinga Iraq muKuwait. Chokwadi ndizvo zvakaitwa naBush Sr. Akadzinga Iraq kubva kuKuwait. Haana kutamira kuchamhembe kuBaghdad. Akamira kumaodzanyemba kweBasra, achiti "ndiro simba rose randinaro." Ini handisi pano kuti ndibvumire zvakaitwa naBush Sr. muhondo iyoyo asi kungozvienzanisa naBush Jr.
Iye zvino Bush Sr. akashoropodzwa, nevanhu vachiti aifanira kunge akafamba nzira yese kuenda kuBagdad. Asi akange asina mvumo neUN Security Council yekuita izvozvo uye akange asina simba kubva kuUS Congress kuti aite izvozvo. Zvekare, enzanisa izvo nesarudzo yaBush Jr September 14 izvo zvakamupa cheki isina chinhu kuti arwe hondo nemunhu chero waanoda asina kupfuura ipse dixit yake. Zvinoshamisa kutenda. Zvakatoipisisa kupfuura Tonkin Gulf.
NATO
Pamusoro pazvo Bush Jr. akabva aenda kuNATO kunotora sarudzo kubva kuNATO uye akakurudzira NATO kuti ishandise Article 5 yeNATO Pact. Chisungo chechishanu cheNATO Pact
inongoitirwa kugadzirisa kurwiswa kwakaitwa imwe nyika kune imwe nyika. Haisi, uye haisati yambove, yakagadzirirwa kubata nekurwiswa kwegandanga. Iyo NATO Pact yaifanirwa kubata mudzidziso nekurwiswa kwenhengo yeNATO nenhengo yeWarsaw.
Pact uye Soviet Union.
Nekudonha kwezvose zviri zviviri Warsaw Pact neSoviet Union, pakanga pasisina chikonzero chaicho kana chikonzero chekuenderera mberi kweNATO. Bush Sr. zvino mukuedza kuchengetedza NATO, yakaedza kushandura chimiro chayo kuti iite zvimwe zvinangwa zviviri: (1) mapurisa eEastern Europe, uye takaona izvozvo nehondo isiri pamutemo yekurwisa Serbia naPresident Clinton; uye (2) kupindira kuMiddle East “kuchengetedza” minda yeoiri. NATO Council yakatendera chirevo ichi. Dambudziko nderekuti NATO Pact, chibvumirano chinomisikidza NATO, hachipi mvumo yekuita izvi zvachose. Chokwadi NATO Pact yaizofanirwa kuvandudzwa nemaparamende enyika dziri nhengo dzeNATO kuti zviite sechipurisa kuEastern Europe kana seuto rekupindira muMiddle East.
Kukumbira kweNATO Chinyorwa 5 ipapo kwaive kwekunyepedzera. VaBush Jr. hutungamiri hwaiedza kuwana zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana pane zvayaiita apo yakakundikana kuUnited Nations Security Council kuwana mvumo. VaBush Junior vakaedza zvakare kuwana mamwe masimba kubva kuSecurity Council, asi chavakangowana chete kutaura kwemutungamiri wenyika izvo pamutemo hazvireve chinhu. Vakaedzazve kechitatu. September 29, vasati vatanga hondo, kuti vawane mvumo iyoyo yekushandisa mauto
nesimba uye vakava nemutauro wakasimba. Asi zvakadaro vakatadza kuwana mvumo kubva kuSecurity Council yekushandisa mauto chero chikonzero.
Kuzvitonga Kuzvidzivirira
Zvino chii chakaitika? Mumiriri mutsva weU.S. kuUnited Nations, John Negroponte, akatumira tsamba kuSecurity Council ichisimbisa Article 51 yeUnited Nations Charter. Iye zvino vamwe vedu vanoziva Negroponte. Aive Ambassador weU.S. kuHonduras panguva yemusangano against hondo neNicaragua. Ane ropa revanhu 35,000 9 veNicaragua mumaoko ake. Nzira chete iyo Bush yaaigona kuita kuti asimbiswe neSeneti yaive yekuti akamurovera neSeneti mushure mekubhomba kwe11/35,000. Saka pose paunoona Negroponte paterevhizheni achitaura newe, yeuka kuti murume uyu ane ropa revanhu XNUMX XNUMX mumaoko ake. Kagumi nekamwe chero chinhu chakaitika muNew York. Kagumi neimwe.
Tsamba yaNegroponte yaishamisa. Yakataura kuti United States inochengetedza kodzero yayo yekushandisa simba mukuzvidzivirira kune chero nyika yatinofunga kuti yakakosha kuitira kurwisa hondo yedu yekurwisa hugandanga hwepasi rose. Saka nemamwe mazwi, vakakundikana pazviitiko zvitatu zvakasiyana kuti vawane chiremera kubva kuSecurity Council uye zvino chakanakisa chavaigona kuita kwaive kudzokera pane imwe kodzero yekuzvidzivirira sezvakatemwa ivo pachavo. Zvinonyatsoenderana neWar Powers Resolution mvumo iyo Bush akawana kubva kuCongress September 14.
Ndakanga ndichipa interview rimwe zuva kune San Francisco Chronicle uye
mutori wenhau akabvunza kana paive nemuenzaniso wechinzvimbo pano chiri kusimbiswa neNegroponte kuti tiri kuchengetedza kodzero yekuenda kuhondo tichizvidzivirira kurwisa nhamba huru yedzimwe nyika sezvakatemwa isu pachedu. Ndakati hungu, pane chimwe chiitiko chisingafadzi zvikuru: Ndiyo Nuremberg Tribunal ya1946. kuU.N. Charter]; uye kuzvidzivirira sezvakarongwa naivo pachavo. Nemamwe mashoko, hapana aigona kuvaudza zvinopesana nazvo.
Saka paNuremberg vaive nechutzpah yekupokana kuti Nyika Yechipiri yese
Hondo yakanga iri hondo yokuzvidzivirira sokuzvisarudzira kwavakazvisarudzira, uye hapana akanga akamira kuti arambe gadziriro iyoyo yokuzvitonga. Zvakanaka, Dare reNuremberg rakaramba nharo iyoyo ndokuti kwete, kuzvidzivirira kunongogadziriswa chete nekureva.
mutemo wenyika dzakawanda; uye izvozvo zvinofanirwa kugadzwa nedare repasi rose. Hapana nyika ine kodzero yekuzvisarudzira izvi.
Kukanganiswa
Zviripachena zviri kuitika iye zvino muAfghanistan hakusi kuzvidzivirira. Ngative vakatendeseka. Tese tinozviziva. Kunyanya uku ndiko kutsiva, kutsiva, kutsiva, catharsis. Idaidze zvaunoda, asi hakusi kuzvidzivirira. Uye kutsiva hakusi kuzvidzivirira.
Chokwadi ndiyo yaive chigaro chepamutemo chehurumende yeUnited States kunyangwe mukati memazuva akasviba zvakanyanya eHondo yeVietnam. Ipapo aimbova Undersecretary weHurumende Eugene V. Rostow akaedza kuita kuti Dhipatimendi reHurumende richinje nzvimbo yavo. Vakaramba ndokuramba vakachengeta chimiro chavo chekuti kutsiva hakusi kuzvidzivirira. Uku hakusi kuzvidzivirira zvatiri kuita muAfghanistan.
Sezvo pasina chimwe chezvikonzero izvi uye zvikonzero zvinotsigira semutemo, saka izvo zviri kuitwa nehurumende yeUnited States nhasi zvinopesana neAfghanistan zvinoumba.
kurwisana nepfuti. Hazvisi pamutemo. Hapana chiremera cheizvi. Chokwadi kana iwe ukaverenga pawebhusaiti, kwete munhau dzeUS dzenhau, uchaona ndicho chinzvimbo chiri kutorwa nenyika dzese dzechiIslam pasirese.
Chokwadi chiripi? Mutemo uripi? Ivo havapo. Izvi zvinoonekwa nenyika yose. Zvinoonekwa muEurope. Zvinoonekwa kuMiddle East. Zviri pachena kune 1.2 bhiriyoni maMuslim enyika. Pane vatungamiriri vechiMuslim vari kuita zvechiuto kurwisa Afghanistan? Kusiyana nezvakaitika neIraq? Aihwa! Pane vapi nevapi vavo vakazvipira kumauto kuti vabatanidzwe pano here? Kunyarara kunokatyamadza. Vese vanozviziva
zvakaipa.
[Ona zvimwe munguva pfupi yapfuura Richard A. Clark, Against All Enemies 24 (2004): “Apo, gare gare muhurukuro {manheru e Seven 11, naVaBush nevapi vapi vemazano avo}, Secretary Rumsfeld akataura kuti mutemo wepasi rose unobvumidza kushandiswa kwechisimba chete kudzivirira kurwiswa mune ramangwana kwete kutsiva, Bush akapotsa agura musoro wake. ‘Kwete,’ Mutungamiri akadanidzira mukamuri yemusangano yakamanikana, ‘Handina basa nezvinotaurwa nemagweta epasi rose, tichakanha dhongi.’” F.A.B.]
Kugadziriswa Kwemhirizhonga Dzepasi Pose
Iye zvino hurumende yeAfghanistan yakadzokorora kupa kunyange nezuro kuti vataurirane mhinduro yegakava iri. Even before the events of September 11, nhaurirano dzakanga dzichiitika pakati peUnited States nehurumende yeAfghanistan pamusoro pemaitiro aBin Laden. Vakanga vazvipira kuti atongwe mudare reMuslim risina kwarakarerekera nevatongi vechiMuslim vachishandisa mutemo weSharia. Izvi zvaive zvisati zvaitika zviitiko zvitsva. Isu takaramba zano iroro. Mushure September 11 vakavandudza chipo.
Mutungamiri Bush akati chii? Hapana nhaurirano! Hapana chekutaurirana! Heino mhedziso yangu! Zvakanaka dambudziko ndere United Nations Charter, iyo inoda kugadziriswa kwerunyararo kwemakakatanwa. Zvinoda zvakananga nezita "kutaurirana."
Saizvozvo iyo Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact yandakataura, iyo maNazi akamhan'arirwa kuNuremberg, uko Afghanistan neUnited States ari mapato maviri, inoda kugadziriswa kwerunyararo kwegakava rose uye inorambidza hondo sechishandiso chemitemo yenyika. Asi ndizvo chaizvo zvatiri kuita nhasi, kurwa hondo sechimbo chemutemo wenyika.
Zvino zvakare neSvondo paakadzoka kubva kuCamp David nechipo chekupedzisira zvakare nehurumende yeAfghanistan - vanga vachida kutaurirana pamusoro pemaitiro aVaBin Laden. Handizivi kuti vangani venyu vakaona President vachiburuka muchikopokopo. Yaiva surreal. Akaenda ballistic: Hapazovi nekutaurirana! Ndakavaudza zvekuita! Vanozviita zvirinani! Zvekare, izvo hazvisi izvo zvinodiwa neUnited Nations Charter uye Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact.
Ukaverenga mhedziso yakapihwa naPresident Bush kuhurumende yeAfghanistan mukutaura kwavo pamberi peCongress unoona yakanyatsogadzirwa kuti isatevedzerwe nehurumende yeAfghanistan. Hapana hurumende pasi rose ingadai yakatevedzera chirevo ichocho. Chokwadi, pakanga paine kufanana kunokatyamadza kwakapihwa nehutungamiriri hweBush Sr. kuna Tariq Aziz kuGeneva manheru eHondo yeGulf iyo yakagadzirwa nemaune kuti isagamuchirwe, izvo zvisiri izvo. Sei? Sarudzo yakanga yatoitwa yokuenda kuhondo.
Dambudziko reHumanitarian
Zvino zvave kutaurwa, chii chaizvo chiri kuitika pano? Kana pasina hwaro muchokwadi uye pasina hwaro mumutemo wehondo iyi kurwisa Afghanistan, nei tiri kuita izvi? Sei tiri kugadzira iyi njodzi yekubatsira vanhu veAfghan? Yeuka kuti kwaive kutyisidzira kwaBush kubhomba Afghanistan kwakaisa mamirioni avanhu kufamba vasina chikafu, zvipfeko, pekugara, mvura, kana zvivakwa zvekurapa uye izvo zvakagadzira iyi njodzi yevanhu ikozvino kune chero kubva ku5 kusvika ku7 miriyoni Afghans. Masangano ese erubatsiro ataura zvakajeka kuti izvo zvinonzi "kudonha kwechikafu" - sekutaura kwakaita Doctors Without Borders sangano reNobel Peace Prize - ibasa rekuparadzira mauto. izvo zviri pachena.
Bush anodaidzira kuti vana veAmerica vatumire $1 kuWhite House yevana veAfghani inhemawo. Izvi hazvisi serious. Uye chando chiri kuuya muAfghanistan. Ikozvino fungidziro yandaona ndeyekuti pamwe 100,000 kana kupfuura vachafa kana tikasamisa hondo iyi.
Mabhesi eMauto eU.S muCentral Asia
Saka chii chaizvo chiri kuitika pano? Sei tiri kubhomba Afghanistan? Sei tiri kuita izvi? Kutsiva here? Kutsiva here? Iropa here? Aiwa, hazvisi!
Vanhu vanomhanyisa nyika ino vanotonhora, vanoverenga vanhu. Vanoziva chaizvo zvavari kuita uye nei vari kuzviita. Uye zvino kubva pakatanga bhomba mumazuva gumi nemaviri apfuura, zvave kunyatsojeka kuti chirongwa ichi ndechei: Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld akabhururuka kuenda kuUzbekistan ndokupedzisa chibvumirano nemudzvanyiriri anotonga nyika iyoyo, Karimov, achipomerwa mhosva yekutyorwa kukuru kwekodzero dzevanhu, kuti hurumende yeUnited States "ichadzivirira" Uzbekistan.
Zvino chekutanga, Secretary of Defense haana simba rebumbiro rekupedzisa chibvumirano chakadaro pakutanga. Kuisa iyo nyaya parutivi, zvisinei, zviri pachena zviri kuitika pano. Pentagon parizvino iri mushishi yekumisikidza muzinda wemauto muUzbekistan.
Yave iri mumabasa kwenguva yakati rebei. Vanobvuma, hongu, Mauto Akakosha eU.S. anga aripo kwemakore akati wandei achidzidzisa vanhu vavo pasi pe "Kubatana Kwerunyararo" neNATO. Zvino zvava kuoneka zviri kuitika. Tiri kuita hurongwa hwemauto kwenguva refu neUzbekistan. Chokwadi zvakataurwa, uye iwe unogona kuwana kudhinda kubva kunharaunda iyo painternet, kuti Uzbekistan ikozvino inoda chimiro chemauto chibvumirano neUnited States.
Chii chimiro chechibvumirano chemasimba? Icho chibvumirano chinobvumira kwenguva refu
kutumirwa kwenhamba dzakakosha dzemauto mune imwe nyika. Tine chimiro chezvibvumirano zvemauto neGermany, Japan, neSouth Korea. Takava nemauto munyika nhatu idzi kubva muna 1945. Uye patinowana kuvepo kwedu kwemauto, muzinda wedu, uri kuvakwa muUzbekistan, zviri pachena kuti hatisi kuzobva. Zviripachena kuti chibvumirano ichi chisiri chemutemo pakati peRumsfeld naKarimov ndechekuisa hwaro hwekugara muUzbekistan kune inotevera. 10-15-20 makore, tichiti tinofanira kuzvidzivirira kubva kuAfghanistan, kwatakaita mhirizhonga.
Iyi ndiyo nharo imwe cheteyo yakaitwa kuti mauto eUnited States arambe akaiswa muPersian Gulf ikozvino kwemakore gumi mushure meGulf War. Tichiripo. Tichine mauto zviuru makumi maviri akagara pamusoro pemafuta munyika dzese idzi. Isu takatogadzira Fifth Fleet muBahrain kumapurisa dunhu rino. Hatina kumbova nechinangwa chekusiya Persian Gulf. Isu tiripo kuti tigare.
Kubira Mafuta neGasi
Chokwadi kuronga izvozvo kunodzokera kuCarter manejimendi - inodaidzwa kuti Rapid Deployment Force, yakatumidza zita reUS Central Command iyo yakaita hondo neIraq uye yakatora uye ichiri kutora nyika idzi dzePersian Gulf neminda yadzo yemafuta.
uye nhasi iri kuita hondo yekurwisa Afghanistan uye nekuendesa mauto eUS kuti avake hwaro uhwu muUzbekistan. Nei tichida kupinda muUzbekistan? Very simple. Mafuta negasi zviwanikwa zveCentral Asia, zvinonzi ndiyo yechipiri pakukura pasirese mushure mePersian Gulf.
Pakave nekuwanda kwakawanda kwekuburitswa kweizvi mumapeji e Wall Street Journal, kwete iyo Nguva Itsva Yekutaura. Vanofambisa uye vanozunza. Vakateerera zvakanyanya kuCentral Asia uye zviwanikwa zvemafuta ipapo. Nguva pfupi mushure mekudonha kweSoviet Union uye kukwira kune kuzvitonga kwenyika idzo muna 1991, wakaona marudzi ese ezvinyorwa Wall Street Journal nezvekuti Central Asia uye kuvapo kwedu muCentral Asia kwave kwakakosha sei kuchengetedza nyika yeUnited States. Takaenderera mberi nekutanga hukama nenyika idzi dzeCentral Asia. Takatumira maSpecial Forces. Takanga tichitoita parachuti ye82nd Airborne kupinda muKazakhstan. Zvese zvakaburitswa mu Wall Street Journal.
Mukuwedzera ipapo, sezvo Central Asia yakavharwa iwe unofanirwa kubvisa mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo kunze, unoita sei izvozvo? Zvakanaka imwe nzira ndeyekutumira kumadokero, asi isu tinoshuvira kudzivirira Iran neRussia - nekudaro nzira inotenderera, inodhura mari yakawanda, kusachengeteka zvakanyanya. Nzira iri nyore yekuzviita kugadzira mapaipi maodzanyemba neAfghanistan, kupinda muPakistan uye kuenda kuArabian Sea. UNOCAL yaitaurirana kuita izvi nehurumende yeAfghanistan. Ndizvo zvose muzvinyorwa zvevanhu.
Sezvakaitwa nePersian Gulf War against Iraq yaive yeoiri negasi rechisikigo, ndiri kuendesa iyi hondo iri pamusoro peoiri negasi rechisikigo uyewo nezve kubuda kunze kweChina uye kuwana muzinda wemauto kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Tichange tiriko kwenguva refu. Zvirinani kusvika mafuta ese negasi zvabviswa uye hazvichashandi kwatiri.
Hondo Yematunhu
Sekuona kwangu ndizvo chaizvo zviri kuitika pano. Hatifanire kunge tichipedza nguva yakawanda tichifunga kuti ndiani akaita chii kuna ani September 11. Tinofanirwa kunge takatarisa pahondo iyi, pakumisa hondo iyi. Isu tinofanirwa kunge takatarisa kumisa dambudziko revanhu kurwisa mamirioni avanhu veAfghanistan izvozvi, nhasi. Uye chechitatu, isu tinofanirwa kunge takatarisa pane izvo zvinogona kuve nyore kwazvo hondo yedunhu.
Pentagon yakatanga chinhu ichi. Zviripachena vainzwa kuti vaigona kuichengeta pasi pesimba. Ndizvo zvakafungwa nevatungamiriri muna Nyamavhuvhu 1914 zvakare, paunoverenga Barbara Tuchman's Pfuti dzaAugust. Wese munhu akafunga kuti mamiriro acho anogona kuchengetedzwa uye akange asiri, uye pakanga paine hondo yenyika. Vanhu vane mamiriyoni gumi vakafa.
Isu tave kutoona mushure mekunge Mutungamiri Bush vatanga iyi hondo artillery duels pakati peIndia nePakistan. Kusagadzikana kukuru munyika dzese dzeMuslim idzi. Iyo yakareba iyo
hondo inoenderera mberi Ini ndinozviisa pasi pekuipa kwayave kuita, kuwedzera kuve nenjodzi kunowedzera, kunowedzera kusagadzikana.
Mapurisa eAmerica State
Pamusoro pezvo, pakupedzisira kunouya Ashcroft Police State Bill [aka: USA Patriot Act]. Hapana mamwe mazwi ekuzvitsanangura. Bush akatadza kuwana chiziviso chehondo icho chingadai chakamupa mudzvanyiriri webumbiro. Asi zviripachena kuti Ashcroft nemagweta ake eFederalist Society vakatora chidimbu chemutemo wese pasherufu, vakaisungirira yese mubhiri iri rekurwisa hugandanga, uye vakariisa muCongress.
Kana uri kuverenga chero mapepa nezuro uye nezuro, nhengo dzeCongress dzinobvuma, hongu, hatina kana kuverenga chinhu ichi. Mumwe Congressman akati, hongu, asi hapana chitsva neizvozvo. Kunze kweuyu vari kutyora kodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko rwedu tese, vachitiswededza pedyo nenyika yemapurisa muzita rekurwisa hondo yehugandanga. Chengetedzo, ichi, icho, uye chimwe chinhu.
Cherechedzai mashoko akawandisa kubva munhau dzenhau: tose tinofanira kugadzirira kurega kodzero dzedu nerusununguko rwevanhu. Kunyangwe vanonzi vakasununguka saAlan Dershowitz: Ah, ngatiendei pamwe chete nechitupa chenyika. Zvinotyisa! Larry Tribe, achinyora mu Wall Street Journal: Zvakanaka isu tese tichazofanira kutanga kukanganisa kodzero dzedu dzevanhu uye rusununguko rwevanhu. Ndizvo zvakamirira mune ramangwana kwatiri pano pamusha nguva refu iyi hondo yeAfghanistan ichienderera mberi.
Uye Bush akatyisidzira kuti ichawedzera kune dzimwe nyika. Hatizivi kuti inyika ngani dzavanofunga. Pane imwe nguva vari kuti Malaysia, Indonesia, Somalia, Iraq, Libya. Mutevedzeri weMunyori Paul Wolfowitz akataura nezve "nyika dzekupedzisira," izvo zviri pachena kuti kuuraya rudzi. Ndaigona kuendesa chirevo ichocho kuDare Renyika Dzepasi Pose ndochiisa uye ndochiratidza sechinangwa chokuparadza rudzi nehurumende yeUnited States.
Scapegoats
Saka kana tichirega izvi zvichienderera mberi ndipo patichazoona kodzero dzedu pachedu uye rusununguko rwevanhu ruchitorerwa kwatiri. Sezvaunoziva vatorwa, vatorwa, kodzero dzavo dzakatoparara. Iye zvino tine 700 vatorwa vachangobva kutorwa uye vakanyangarika neAshcroft neDhipatimendi reRuramisiro. Hatizivi kuti vanhu ava varipi. Vari kubatwa maererano nemutemo weimmigration, kwete mutemo wekupara mhosva. Kuvharirwa kusingagumi.
Ndehupi humwe hunhu hwavakafanana vese, vatorwa ava? Ndivo maMuslim nemaArabu, mbudzi dze9/11. Wese munhu anoda mbudzi yekurwira uye zvinoita sekunge tine imwe.
mhedziso
Rega ndipedze nekutaura kuti tichine kodzero dzedu dzeFirst Amendment zvisinei nekuedza kwaAshcroft. Zvisinei nehumbwende hweDzimba dzese dzeCongress uko, zvinofadza zvakaringana, vanodaidzwa kuti liberal Democrats vaive nechido chekupa Bush neAshcroft kupfuura maRepublicans muImba. Tichiri neYedu Yekutanga
Amendment rights, freedom of speech, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, freedom yekukumbira hurumende yedu kuti igadzirise zvichemo.
Isu tichada kutanga kushandisa idzo kodzero dzeFirst Amendment izvozvi. Nekunaka kwevanhu veAfghanistan, kune zvakanaka zvevanhu vedunhu iro renyika, uye neramangwana redu uye nehunhu hwedu senharaunda yedemokrasi ine
kuzvipira kuMutemo weMutemo uye Bumbiro reMitemo. Ndatenda.
Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Mazhinji ekodzero dzevanhu dzaunoti tinofanira kurega…
A: Ndakati hatifaniri kuvasiya; Ndine urombo kana ndisina kujekesa izvozvo. Ndivo vanhu vari munhau huru vakati tinofanira kusiya kodzero idzodzo, kusanganisira vanozviti mapurofesa emutemo ane rusununguko vakaita saAlan Dershowitz naLarry Tribe wemubhuku rangu, Harvard Law School, vanofanira kunyara nezvinzvimbo zvavakatora. . Saka handifunge kuti tinofanira kunge tichisiya chero kodzero idzi.
Zviremera zvedu zvinochengeta mutemo, F.B.I., C.I.A., N.S.A., zvine masimba ose avanoda. Ivo zvirokwazvo havadi mamwe masimba kupfuura avanotova nawo. Zvechokwadi pasi pemitemo iripo iye zvino Ashcroft yakatotora 700 maArabs nemaMuslim. Dzakanyangarika pane imwe nzvimbo. Hatizivi kuti vari kupi. Mhuri dzavo, uye vamwe vakachengeta magweta, vari kuyedza kutsvaga vanhu ava. Zvino havasi vagari vomuU.S. Zvingave zvakanyanya kuoma kuita izvozvo nevagari veUnited States.
Saka handisi kukurudzira kuti tipe chero kodzero. Ndinozvidemba kutaura, zvisinei, iro ndiro meseji inobuda munhau dzenhau uye kunyangwe nevanozviti maporofesa emutemo akasununguka saDershowitz neTribe. Saka handisi kukurudzira izvozvo.
Nyika zhinji dzekuMiddle East dzine magandanga anotyisidzira kuUS. Ungakurudzira sei kuti US iite nekutyisidzira uku kukwezva nyika idzi kuti dzichinje maitiro adzo?
A: Izvi zvinodzokera kudambudziko randakanga ndambotaura pamusoro pekuti hapana tsananguro inogashirwa yehugandanga hwepasi rose kana hugandanga senyaya yemutemo wenyika. Chikonzero chiri chekuti vazhinji veNyika yeTatu, uye payakavepo Nyika yeSocialist (kuchine nyika shoma dzeSocialist), dzakatora chinzvimbo chekuti vanhu vari kurwisa hutongi hwevakoloni, kugara kwevatorwa, kana hutongi hwechisarura vaiita sezviri pamutemo. kudzivirira kwete mabasa ehugandanga. Naizvozvo vakaramba kubvuma chero tsanangudzo yekuti vanhu ava vaive magandanga. Zvino cherechedza kuti hurumende yeUnited States yaigara iri kune rumwe rutivi. Uye dai makatipikisa maiva magandanga.
Ndinorangarira kuma1980 panguva yekurwisana nerusaruraganda nekuparadzana nekubvisa mari kwaiitwa pakambasi iyi, hutongi hweReagan kwemakore masere.
kutitaurira A.N.C. naNelson Mandela vaive magandanga. Vangani venyu vanorangarira izvozvo? Aive magandanga. Vanhu vatema vari kurwisa hutongi hwevachena hwehudzvanyiriri nekuda kwekodzero dzavo dzevanhu. Asi sekuda kwehurumende yeUnited States, ivo vaive
magandanga.
Zvakafanana mune mamwe mhirizhonga dzese dzekoloni muAfrica. Taiwanzotsigira vatongi vevachena vevatema vevatema vachirwisa zvizvarwa zvevatema zvemunyika idzi vachirwira rusununguko rwavo uye kuzvitonga kuzere, uye taivadaidza kuti magandanga. Zvimwe chetezvo muMiddle East. Avo vakapikisa kuda kwedu kana kuda kwaIsraeri, takati magandanga.
Mhinduro iri nyore yekugadzirisa dambudziko rezviri kuitika kuMiddle East kungoshandura mitemo yedu. Kana ukatarisa mitemo yatakatevedzera kuMiddle East kwemakore makumi matatu apfuura, kwave kudzvanyirira nekutonga, kuuraya, kuparadza nekushandisa zvisiri izvo zvizvarwa zvenzvimbo ino. Izvo zvinoita sekunge hutongi hweBush hunoratidzika kunge hunodaidzira ikozvino tave kurwa hondo kune chero munhu asingabvumirani nesu. Zvakanaka, imwe nzira ndeyekuongorora zvakare marongero edu uye kuisa marongero edu pahwaro hwemutemo wepasirese izvo, ndinodemba kutaura kuti, hatina kuita kuMiddle East.
Sei? Nekuti kufarira kwedu kwekutanga kwagara kuri mafuta uye gasi rechisikigo. Hatina kana hanya nerunyararo, democracy, kana kodzero dzevanhu kune chero munhu muMiddle East. Unorangarira Bush Sr. achitiudza kuti hondo muPersian Gulf yaive yekuunza democracy kuKuwait? Ndiani watakadzorera pachigaro muKuwait? Emir nekleptocracy yake vachiri kunyima vakadzi vhoti. Hapana shanduko. Hatina kukwanisa kuva nehanya nerunyararo, kururamisira, kodzero dzevanhu uye democracy chero kupi zvako muPersian Gulf.
Wakaona rimwe zuva Secretary of State Powell achiuya nemudzvanyiriri wemauto wePakistan, Musharraf - akapidigura munhu akasarudzwa zvine demokrasi.
hurumende - kutaura nezvekuunza demokrasi kuAfghanistan. Kwakanga kusiri kungwara zvechokwadi here? Ari ikoko achionekwa nemudzvanyiriri wemauto uye vari kutaura nezvekuunza democracy kuAfghanistan.
Zviripachena isu hatingave nehanya nedemocracy, rugare, kururamisira, kubatsira vanhu muAfghanistan. Isu tine hanya kuti Afghanistan ine muhuwandu hwayo hweoiri negasi uye ine nzvimbo yakasarudzika yemitsara yemafuta negesi. Ndizvo zvatinoitira hanya nazvo.
Tarisa "varume" vedu uko, Northern Alliance, vakasara kubva muhondo yekurwisana neSoviet Union. Ava vaive vanhu vatakapakata zvombo, vakashongedzerwa, vaipa uye vakadzidziswa uye nenzira, vachiri kuita zvakanyanya mukutengesa zvinodhaka. Zvose izvi propaganda. Chero zvazvingava, senyaya yemutemo, haisi yeUnited States uye mudzvanyiriri wemauto wePakistan kuti aone kuti chii chinofanira kana kusafanira kuva hurumende yeAfghanistan.
Chii chaifanira kunge chakaitwa nehurumende yeUS mushure me9/11?
Sezvandataura, taifanira kunge takatora danho rakaitwa naPresident Bush pakutanga: Ichi chaive chiitiko chehugandanga uye taifanira kunge takachitora sechiito chehugandanga zvinoreva matanho akajairwa emitemo yepasirese neyemunyika yatakashandisa, semuenzaniso. , mushure mekubhomba kwemahofisi maviri eU.S. muKenya neTanzania, uye mushure mekubhomba kwePan Am jet pamusoro peLockerbie [uye Murrah Federal Building]. Ndiwo mabatirwo azvaifanira kuitwa. Asi sarudzo nemaune yakatorwa naBush mukubvunzana naPowell, kuramba nzira iyoyo uye kubata nayo kuburikidza nehondo. Zvakare, regai ndidzokorore Chinyorwa 1 cheKellogg-Briand Runyararo Pact chakajekesa kwazvo kurambidza hondo sechishandiso chemutemo wenyika. Zvakajeka mukuongorora kwangu mamiriro ezvinhu kuti takasarudza kuenda kuhondo pakarepo.
Mubvunzo pamusoro pemutemo weMiddle East
A: Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvataigona kuita. Tinogona kuunza kumusha iwo mauto 20,000 anogara matunhu ese izvozvi muPersian Gulf. Pane anofunga kuti tichaita izvozvo uye torasikirwa neuto redu rakananga re50% yemafuta epasi rose muPersian Gulf / Middle East? Chokwadi kwete.
Tinogona kuputsa 5th Fleet yatakamisa muBahrain kumapurisa, kutonga, uye kutonga iyo yose Persian Gulf. Pane mumwe munhu anofunga zvechokwadi kuti tichaita izvozvo? Aihwa! Tinogona kuongororazve mutemo wese wakanangana nedunhu rino. Ini handione humbowo pa
zvose, hapana mune imwe yenhau huru dzenhau, kana hurumende, iri kutaura pamusoro payo: sei tisingangotora ndokuenda kumba? Siya vanhu ava kuMiddle East vari voga uye vatsigire runyararo nebudiriro. Izvo hazvisi kunyange pachirongwa. Iye zvino tiri kutaura nezvehondo dzakawanda, kudeurwa kweropa, uye chisimba.
Nhasi vakati Somalia ingangove inotevera tarisiro. Zvakanaka izvo zvinonakidza nekuti nezuro the New York Times vaiva nechinyorwa chikuru chemafuta akawanda avakawana muSomalia. Uye zvechokwadi kumashure apo Bush Sr. akapinda muSomalia, zvakashumwa munhau dzepasi rose kuti, hongu Somalia yakanga yatovezwa nemakambani emafuta eU.S. Isu tinoziva chokwadi mhuri yeBush ine mari yakawanda mumakambani emafuta nemafuta. Cheney futi.
Chii chatingaita kudzivirira imwe September 11?
A: Ndakatoita mamwe mazano pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasiyana zvandinofunga kuti taigona kuita. Asi kutaura chaiko, handitendi kuti tichazviita.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta