Hernan Vargas mutauriri weMovimiento de Trabajadoras Residenciales [Movement of United Residential Workers] uye veVenezuela Movimiento de Pobladoras y Pobladores [Settlers' Movement, kubva zvino Pobladoras]. Iye zvakare ane basa rakakosha kuronga maAlba mafambisirwo emagariro. Zvido zvekutsvaga kwaVargas zvinosanganisira hupfumi hwakakurumbira uye nzira dzekuberekana munharaunda.
Muchikamu chekutanga cheizvi indavhiyu, takanangidzira ngwariro pamavambo esangano raPobladoras nepfungwa yeโchinjo yamadhorobha.โ MuChikamu II, tinokurukura kurwira kwekufamba pamusoro penzvimbo dzemudhorobha, tichibatanidza kurwisana ikoko nemakakatanwa makuru mukati meChavismo.
Pamusoro pechinangwa che Pobladoras mataura kuti haifanire kunge iri nyaya yekurwira โkodzero dzevanhu yegutaโ (sezvo zvingangoreva kuvaka dzimba dzemari shoma nemapaki mashoma). Pane kudaro, inofanira kunge iri yekutamburira kubvuta guta kubva pakutonga kweguta. Izvi zvinonzwika zvakanaka, asi zvinorevei chaizvo?
Mazhinji emazano eChavismo - uye e Pobladoras kufamba kunyanya - kwakagadzirwa nekufamba kwenguva, mukufamba kwehondo. Mukukudziridza pfungwa yekuvandudzwa kwemaguta, inova iyo thesis yakakosha inomhanyisa kurwira kwedu, takasvika pakuramba pfungwa yekuti varombo vanogona kuyananisa zvavanoda neguta sekurongeka kwaro zvino (sokunge guta inzvimbo ine vapfumi nevapfumi. varombo vanogona kugara pamwe chete vachifara). Kusvika pamwero mukuru, hurukuro dzakavakirwa paโkudzorwa kwedemocrat yegutaโ kana kuti โkodzero yegutaโ pamusoro pazvo: โkuita demokrasiโ guta guru. Hazvina maturo kutaura, izvozvo hazviiti.
Zvakawanda kana zvishoma chinhu chimwe chete chinoitika neprojectivist project, inova kuyedza kuwedzera nekuita democratise vimbiso ye occidental modernity. Izvo zvinongogona kuitika nenzira shoma kwazvo munzvimbo dzesimba, pakati peguta guru. Ukatarisa kugadziridzwa kwemari yepasirese, unoona mararamiro evamiriri venyika dzepakati nekutorera ruzhinji, uye kunyanya ruzhinji rweGlobal South. Nekudaro, iyo modhi haigone kuve yedemocratized nekuti yakavakirwa pakutorera imwe.
Iyo "kodzero yeguta" modhi haigoneki. Hatikwanise kuita democratise mararamiro evapfumi vashoma. Haisi yeharmonic modhi, inotambanudzirwa kune wese munhu, asi imwe yakavakirwa pazvimiro ropafadzo.
Ichi chimwe chinhu chatakawana nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvaireva kubvunza mubvunzo maparadigms atakatora zvakakomba nguva yapfuura. Apo Friedrich Engels anoongorora dambudziko redzimba, anogumisa kuti dzimba dzevashandi chaizvoizvo kudiwa kwemari pane imwe nhanho yekuvandudzwa kwayo. Nekudaro, kana kuunganidza nekubviswa kwatanga kuronga hupfumi hwehupfumi, kuwana dzimba dzevarombo - kunyanya kunharaunda - kunopera kuve kudiwa kwemari. Muchokwadi, ndingatotaura kuti kugadzirisa matambudziko edzimba hakuna kumbogara zvakanaka necapitalism, asi pano uye zvino, muGlobal South, [Engels'] fungidziro yakabviswa kure kubva kune chokwadi kupfuura nakare kose. Kwatiri, kushanda kusiri pamutemo uye kwakashata, nekutarisa pamasevhisi kunoita kuti fungidziro itonyanya kuwanda.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti shanduko yemadhorobha inofanirwa kunetsa pamusoro penzvimbo yemudhorobha, uye inofanirawo kuvaka mhando itsva yekuberekana kwevanhu. Kana tagara, semuenzaniso, nzvimbo isina munhu yekuvaka nharaunda itsva yesocialist, hazvisi zvekugovewazve kwevhu; ndezvezve kugadzira hukama hutsva hwehukama munzvimbo iyoyo. Sezvo mhuri dzinoronga kutora nzvimbo yedzimba dzadzo, uye pavanenge vachipinda muhurongwa hwekuichengeta, zvese zvinoitika pamwe nesarudzo dzakabatanidzwa nemagungano.
Gungano inzvimbo iyo boka rinosarudza kwete chete nzira yekuvaka chivakwa, asiwo nzvimbo iyo hukama hwemukati hwemagariro hunokakavadzana uye kuvakwazve. Nyaya dzakadai semhirizhonga kuvanhukadzi dzinogadziriswa pamwechete. Semuenzaniso, compaรฑero ane chisimba nemumwe wake achabviswa pakuita.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, handisi kutaura kuti zviitwa zvesangano izvi zvinoumba mafomu e consolidated socialism. Nekudaro, idzo nzvimbo dzatinotamburira kutonga kweguta, uye mukuita izvi tiri kutamburira imwe modhi yeguta iyo yakavanzika haina kuparadzaniswa kubva kune yakaunganidzwa. Iyo nzira nyowani yekugadzira uye kubereka hupenyu muguta, nzira nyowani yekuvaka hukama hwemagariro, hukama hwetsika, nemhando nyowani dzekududzira chokwadi.
Saka the Pobladoras kufamba ndeyekuvaka socialism padanho renzvimbo, zvinova zvakakurudzirwa naChavez. Ndosaka kubata commune senzvimbo yekusimudzira socialism iri chikamu chezano redu. Pano handisi kutaura zvakanyanya pamusoro pehurongwa hwehutungamiri hwekunyoresa commune, asi nezve purojekiti yenharaunda pamusimboti wayo, inova chirongwa chemubatanidzwa chekusunungura. The Pobladoras, zvakare, vari kubatsira munzira yemunharaunda. Mushure mezvose, ndizvo zvakaita sosocialism kwatiri: makomuni, akajairwa, kurwira pamwe kwenzira dzekugutsa zvido zvevanhu vese.
Pakati pemapurojekiti e Pobladoras, pane imwe yandinoona ichinyanya kunakidza. Itsika yekugara munzvimbo dzemudhorobha vozovaka dzimba imomo, izvo zvinoitwa naโPionerosโ (Pioneers).
Ndingati maPioneros nemapurojekiti avo anokura kubva pane zvese Pobladoras kufamba.. Saka, kana Pobradoras iko kusangana kwemasangano akatenderedza pfungwa yekuchinja kwemaguta, Pioneros inogona kuonekwa semhando yekubatanidza kwese kwese kwezvakaitika kare zvakashanduka kuita Pobladoras kufamba.
Kutanga, a CTUzvakabuda nokuda kwokuda kwevanhu kuronga kuti vawane magwaro evhu rakavakwa dzimba dzavo, mumakomo ane materu ari kunze kweguta. Pakazouyawo vamwe vakapinda muchikwata ichi: vanhu vaigara mudzimba dzisina kusimba, vashandi vepo vaigara muuranda, maroja ainetsekana kuti adzingwe, vagari vezvivakwa zvisina munhuโฆ yemari iri kukura nekudhura kwezvimwe zvese.
Mafungu ese aya anouya pamwechete mumisasa yaPioneros, ayo ane chinangwa chekutora nyika isingashandiswe iri mumaoko emari.
Ini ndichakuudza nezve nharaunda nyowani yesocialist, iyo Amatina Pioneros 'Ecampment, iyo ichangobva kuvhurwa mune imwe nzvimbo. Gran Misiรณn Vivienda Venezuela kuita [kubva zvino GMVV, chirongwa chehurumende chedzimba]. Imba iyi yakavakwa panzvimbo yatakatora kuPolar Corporation [muboka guru rezvokudya revanhu veVenezuela]. Polar yaichengeta nzvimbo yacho isina munhu, ichiishandisa kurasa tsvina. Pasi pemureza weChimurenga, takakwanisa kutora nzvimbo iyoyo. Boka remhuri dzakarongeka pamwe chete dzakavaka dzimba dzadzo ipapo (icho, sezvandambotaura, ndicho chinangwa chiripo, nepo chinangwa chehurongwa ndechekugadzira hupenyu hutsva). Nenzira iyo, mazana maviri kana kupfuura mhuri dze "Pioneros Amatina" dzakagadzira hukama hwemagariro evanhu hunoenderana nemagariro evanhu, nokudaro tichibva pane chirevo chenhema chokuti isu pachedu tinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko edu.
Kutanga kwakauya imba, ipapo nzanga itsva yakatanga kuronga bhekari resosharisiti kana kuti bindu remuriwo. Izvi zvinoreva, hongu, kugoverwa kwebasa. Kuti nharaunda ifambire mberi, vanhu vakuru vose uye nhengo dzemhuri dzine utano dzinofanira kushanda, uye basa ravo rinofanira kurongeka. Ndiko kukura kwakaita imwe nzanga itsva. Pfungwa yedu ndeyekusimudzira maitiro matsva ehupenyu hwemudhorobha hwakavakirwa pakuzvironga uye kuzvitonga, icho chiri chikamu uye chikamu neprojekti yaChavez.
Achifemerwa na[Hungarian Marxist] Istvan Meszaros, Chavez akavamba yerudzi rutsva rwekutora chikamu uye democracy - substantive democracy - iyo ine kuzvitonga sechinhu chakakosha.
Nenzira, kana tichiti "kuzvitonga," hatisi kungotaura nezvekuzvivaka kana kuzvipa mari. Kwete, tiri kutaura nezvevanhu vanotora nzira dzekugadzira nekubereka hupenyu hwavo. Panyaya iyi, dambudziko rehupfumi rave nguva inofadza kwatiri, nokuti ikozvino iyo nzanga inogona kuziva kuti nzira yekuzvitonga ndiyo chete inotungamirira kumhinduro dzechokwadi.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, takaronga a kufora kuenda kuNational Constitutive Assembly, kutanga kukumbira kuti sangano ridzokere pakuva rinonyatsoumba, uye chechipiri kusimudzira modhi yekuzvitonga, ichidana hurongwa hwepamutemo huchaisa pamberi pekubatana [kuridzi] kupfuura [zvido] mari munzvimbo yedzimba.
Iyo hombe yekuvaka dzimba dzeGMVV chirongwa chepamusoro-pasi, sezvo dzimba zhinji dzakavakwa nemakambani makuru ekuvaka uye vanhu havatore chikamu muchirongwa ichi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, pakati Pobladoras neGMVV, kune marudzi maviri akasiyana emapurojekiti, ese ari kurwira zviwanikwa zvehurumende (zvinoenderana nerendi yemafuta). Imwe ndeyakadzika, yakazvironga uye yakavakirwa pakushandira pamwe nekubatana, nepo imwe iri pamusoro-pasi. Unobvuma here kuti pane kusawirirana pakati pemhando yepamusoro-pasi iyo ine chinangwa chekungogovera patsva rendi yeoiri maringe nemhando yako iyo ine chinangwa chekutonga kwepasi kwezviwanikwa zvenyika?
Nguva pfupi yapfuura ndakanga ndichiteerera kune mumwe muArgentina akanga aita tsvakurudzo pamusoro pePink Tide. Akataura kuti iyo modhi yekugovera, chero zvipimo zvayo, yaive pachayo mhedzisiro yekurwira. Kugovewazve kwezviwanikwa zvakabuda muhurumende dzinofambira mberi munguva yehupfumi hwehupfumi haisi kungopihwa. Saka tinogona kufungidzira kuti kurwira uku kune nhanho dzakasiyana: kutanga kune kurwira kuwana (kusevhisi, kuhutano, kudzimba), asi iyo hondo inogona morph mune chimwe chinhu, isingatsamiri, yakawedzera kuzvitonga, yakawanda kusunungurwa.
Semuenzaniso, mumakore mashoma apfuura, Pobladoras rave rimwe remapoka ari kuita mapurojekiti eGMVV. Pane chikamu cheGMVV chinoitwa nemaoko nesimba rakakurumbira, uye isu tiri Pobladoras inomiririra chikamu chidiki chechikamu ichocho. Chii chakanakira izvi? Muzvirongwa izvi, kusvika kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe, vanhu vanova ivo vadzori. Sezvandambotaura, haasi ese mapurojekiti ane chekuita nemasimba akakurumbira anozvitungamira, asi anomiririra danho rekutanga.
Apo GMVV yakatanga, takajekesa nzvimbo yedu. Isu takati zvinogoneka chete kana ikapfuura nekungogovera zviwanikwa zvinobva murendi yemafuta, uye iine hwaro hwekuzvitonga. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaitiona seboka remapengo! Iye zvino isu tinogona kunge tichiri "vanopenga," asi dambudziko uye kuvharika kwehutsinye kwajekesa, nzira chete yekumberi isangano rakakurumbira uye basa rekubatana.
Sezvakataurwa naChavez mu "Chirongwa cheLa Patriaโ [2012], Venezuela ichine rentier capitalist hupfumi. Kubva pakutanga, Chavismo akaedza kuita democratise modhi isingagoneki nekuti yakavakirwa pakutora hupfumi, pakubiwaโฆ Mukati mehurongwa uhu, takaita zvataigona: mamirioni avanhu vakapedza chikoro chesekondari nekoreji, uye mamirioni vanhu vakawana hutano hwehutano, varaidzo, dzimba, nezvimwe.
Dambudziko nderekuti modhi yekugoverazve [inochengetedza hupfumi hwekurenda] inogona chete kusvika pari zvino, uye haigone kurarama nedambudziko rechiyero chatakatarisana nacho. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi takaenda kuConstitutive Assembly tikati takatarisana nedambudziko, sarudzo chete ndeyekuzvitonga; nzira chete ndeyekurwira kutonga kwenzira dzekugadzira. Mupfungwa iyoyo, isu tiri Pobladoras vari kupa mhinduro.
Sekutamburira kunoita ma campesino kuwana ivhu nekuwaniswa mbeu, michina nematurusi, saka isu tinotamburira kuwana nzvimbo dzemumaguta. Isu tinonetsekawo kuwana nzira dzekugadzira - kubva kune zvekuvakisa kusvika kumichina inodiwa kuvaka dzimba dzedu. Mukuvaka dzimba dzedu nebasa redu pachedu, tinoburitsa nharaunda itsva dzinobva pakubatana.
Kwatiri, kurwisana mukati meChimurenga iko zvino ndekwekuti: hondo yekuunza mamiriro akakwana kuitira kuti vanhu vave vavaki vehupenyu hwavo. Nhasi, handifunge kuti chiyero chesimba muVenezuela ndechekuti isu tinokwanisa kugadzira modhi yedu - zvichibva pakuzvisunungura - hegemonic izvozvi. Zvakadaro, isu tinofanirwa kutamburira kubvisa nzira dzekare dzekutenderera kwerendi, kana isu tisingadi kurasikirwa.
Izvi zvinotisvitsa kune gakava rinonakidza pamusoro peBolivarian Process. Kune rimwe divi, kune avo vanopokana kuti chirongwa ichi ndechekugovera zviwanikwa zvehurumende zvine gutsaruzhinji uye nekuwedzera masevhisi kune vese, asi zvese zviri mukati mepfungwa yerentier capitalism. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune vamwe vedu vanofunga kuti tinofanira kuvandudza metabolism itsva. Pakange paine mari yakawanda yekutenderera, gakava iri rakanga risiri guru. Ikozvino, zvisinei, avo vanorarama kubva mukugoverwa kwerendi, vanotarisana nezvikamu zvakakurumbira zvinodaidzira kurongwa patsva kwenyika mune zvehupfumi netsika.
[Nekuti gakava iri riri kuuya pamberi], hatifanire kugadzirira pachedu kutora nzvimbo yemudhorobha chete, asiwo kusimudzira imwe mhando yedu. Nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho, takakumbira mukana wekuti titaure muchikamu cheNational Constitutive Assembly. Tinofanira kuita nyaya yedu ipapo uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo, tichiumba maonero eruzhinji.
Nezvemaonero everuzhinji, tinofanira kubvuma kuti takakundwa zvakanyanya munguva pfupi yapfuura. Mudambudziko riripo, vazhinji vakatanga kufunga kuti zvaive nani kuve nemasherufu akazara muzvitoro zvikuru, kunyangwe mitengo yacho yakakwira zvakanyanya, pane masherufu asina kunaka ane zvigadzirwa zvinosvikika. Iyoyo yakanga iri hondo yatakarasikirwa pamwero wokufananidzira.
Mumutsara wenhoroondo unotungamira kusvika ikozvino, uchisvika kubva kumakondinendi-yakafara mafambiro [e '60s], kune kurwira kwe'90s uye Chavista kufamba, kurwa kwemazano kwave kwakakosha sekurwira nharaunda. . Ikoko, mapoinzi edu makuru ehurongwa kudzora kwakakurumbira, kuzvitonga, uye demokrasi yakakura kubva pachigadziko. Zvese izvi zvine chinangwa chimwe: kuvimbisa kuberekana kwehupenyu kune vanoshanda.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta