United States yakarwa "hondo dzepachivande" dzinopfuura gumi nemaviri mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, maererano ne mushumo mutsva kubva kuBrennan Center for Justice kuNew York University Chikoro cheMutemo. Kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wekurwa kwepasi, kurwiswa kwendege, uye mashandiro emauto evamiriri veUS, kunetsana uku kwakaitika kubva kuAfrica kuenda kuMiddle East kuenda kuAsia, kazhinji isingazivikanwe zvachose nevanhu vekuAmerica uye nekutarisisa kushoma kwekongiresi.
โUku kuwanda kwehondo yapachivande inyaya ichangoburwa, uye haina demokrasi uye ine ngozi,โ akanyora kudaro Katherine Yon Ebright, zano muBrennan Center's Liberty and National Security Program. โMaitiro ekurwisana kusati kwaziviswa munyika dzisina kutaurwa anopikisana nebumbiro remitemo yedu. Inokoka kukwira kwemauto kusingaonekwe kune veruzhinji, kuCongress, uye kunyangwe kuvamiriri vanopihwa mhosva yekutarisira hukama hwekunze hweUS. "
Uku kukakavara kwepachivande kwakagoneswa neMvumo ye2001 yeKushandiswa kweHondo Yemauto, yakaitwa mushure mekurwiswa kwaGunyana 11, pamwe chete nemutemo wekuvanda wekuita, unobvumira kuita kwakavanzika, kusingazivikanwe, kunonyanya kuitiswa neCIA. United States yakavimbawo neseti ye zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zviremera zvekubatana kwekuchengetedza izvo The Intercept inazvo zvakamboongororwa, kusanganisira mu kufumura kutanga kwegore rino izvo zvakaratidza kuvepo kwekuedza kusiri kutaurwa kweUS kurwisa hugandanga mukati Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, neYemen. Ebright magwaro anonzi mapurogiramu e127e, anozivikanwa nekuzivikanwa kwavo zviri pamutemo, munyika idzodzo uye nevamwe gumi nevaviri: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, neTunisia, pamwe nenyika iri nzvimbo yeAsia-Pacific iyo isati yazivikanwa pachena.
Chiremera che127e, chinobvumira maCommandos eUS kushandisa vatsigiri venzvimbo pamisheni inotungamirwa neUS, yakanangana nevavengi veUS kuzadzisa zvinangwa zveUS, ingori imwe yematatu akaderera-mbiri akaongororwa mumushumo weBrennan Center. Imwe, 10 US Code ยง 333, inowanzonzi "yepasi rose chitima-uye-equip chiremera," inobvumira Pentagon kupa dzidziso uye giya kumauto ekunze chero kupi zvako pasirese. Chiremera chiri kure murkier 1202 chinobvumira Dhipatimendi reDziviriro kuti ripe rutsigiro kune vekunze vanotora chikamu muhondo dzisiri dzenguva dzakanangana nevakwikwidzi vepedyo seChina neRussia.
Chirevo, chakaburitswa neChina, chinopa kuongororwa kwakazara kuchiri kwezviri pamutemo pasi, congressional congressional, uye Pentagon obfuscation yakatenderedza izvi kuedza uye inotsanangura kuti uye sei uye sei Dhipatimendi reDziviriro rakakwanisa kuita pasi pe-tafura kusawirirana kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura. .
"Chirevo cheBrennan Center chinosimbisa kukosha kwekuvhenekera zviitwa zvedu zvekudzivirira izvo zvave zvakavharwa pakavanda kwenguva yakareba. Pazvishoma, veruzhinji neCongress vanofanirwa kuziva kuti kupi uye nei tiri kutumira nhengo dzedu dzebasa munjodzi, "Rep. Sara Jacobs, D-Calif., nhengo yeDare Remauto reHouse, akaudza The Intercept. "Ndinovimba chirevo ichi chinosimbisa kukurumidza kweCongress kutora masimba ayo ehondo, kubvisa maburi aripo muzvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza, uye nekuona kuti nzira dzedu dzinoenderana nehunhu hwedu, zvinangwa uye kuzvipira kunhengo dzebasa."
"Kunzwisisa kweCongress nezvekugadzira hondo kweUS kazhinji hakuna nani kupfuura rekodhi yeruzhinji," anonyora kudaro Ebright. "Vamiriri veDhipatimendi reDziviriro muDhipatimendi reHurumende vanonetsekawo kunzwisisa uye kuwana ruzivo rwekusvika kwehutsinye hweUS. Iko uko kutariswa kwekongiresi kunotadza, ndizvo zvinoitawo utariri mukati mebazi guru. "
Ongororo yaEbright inonyanya kujekesa nyaya yeSomalia, uko United States yakagadzira maviri akakosha mauto, Danab Brigade nePuntland Security Force. The CIA yakatanga kuvaka Puntland Security Force muna 2002 kurwisa Al Qaeda-yakabatana al-Shabab uye gare gare Islamic State muSomalia, kana ISS. Mauto akaendeswa kuhutongi hwemauto eUS kutenderera muna 2012 ndokuenderera mberi nekurwa pamwe chete nemauto eUS Special Operations kwemakore gumi. "MuPuntland, takavaka hunyanzvi uhu, tichivadzidzisa padanho rehunyanzvi uye nenzira yekuzvitsigira ivo nekutevera zano rakanaka rekurwisa al-Shabab," Don Bolduc, aimbove mukuru weSpecial Operations Command Africa uye zvino mumiriri weRepublican. Seneti muNew Hampshire, yakaudza The Intercept mubvunzurudzo ye2019.
Ebright anocherekedza kuti varwi vemauto "vakazvimiririra zvakanyanya kubva kuhurumende yeSomalia, kunyangwe vaive mauto epamusoro ane zvombo uye imwe yemauto eSomalia anonyanya kugona. Uye hukama hwavo nemauto eUS hwakanga hwakavanzika kwenguva refu, nevakuru veUS vachiramba kuvapo kwevapi vezano vemauto muSomalia kusvika 2014. "
Zvakatonyanya kunetsa, ongororo yake inoratidza kuti kwenguva yakati rebei, pakanga pasina hwaro hwepamutemo hwekuti mauto eUS arwe pamwe chete nekutungamira mauto aya. VaObama manejimendi vakasarudza al-Shabab mubatanidzwa wemauto eAl Qaeda uye nekudaro, chinangwa chiri pamutemo pasi pe2001 AUMF muna 2016. Hutongi ihwohwo hwakaita zvimwe chete kuIslamic State muna 2014, asi ISS haina kumbobvira yazivikanwa pachena seyakabatana neISIS. kumanikidzirwa nechero manejimendi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Pentagon yakagadzira uye yakarwa pamwe chete nePuntland Security Force kubva ku2012 uye Danab Brigade kubva ku2011 - pasi pehurumende ye127e uye 333 yekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza - AUMF isati yatongwa kuti ibvumidze kurwisana neAl-Shabab neISIS, zvishoma neISS.
"Bazi reDziviriro harina mubvunzo kuti haritore ยง 333 uye 127e semvumo yekushandiswa kwemauto. Chokwadi hachina kunyatsojeka,โ anonyora kudaro Ebright. "Kupfuura zvese, mauto eUS akashandisa zviremera izvi kugadzira, kutonga, uye dzimwe nguva kurwa pamwe nemapoka akaita sePuntland Security Force neDanab Brigade."
Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, vatungamiri vakaramba vachida kodzero dzakakura dzekuzvidzivirira, kwete zvemauto eUS chete asiwo kune vanobatana vakaita sePuntland Security Force neDanab Brigade, iyo, Ebright anoti, inogona kubvumira US kurwisa vavengi vari kure. pasina mvumo yekongiresi.
Rep. Jacobs akati zvakanga zvakaoma kuvimbisa mauto munharaunda yake yeSan Diego โkuti tiri kuita zvese zvatinogona kuti vachengetedzeke kana Congress iine ruzivo rudiki, ndoda kutarisa kuti tiri riini, kupi, uye sei. vachishandisa simba rehondo. Kuedza kudzivirira kuongororwa kubva kuCongress - uye kubviswa kweCongress kwemasimba edu ehondo - kuri pakati pemabatiro atakaita muhondo dzekusingaperi, spike mukuurayiwa kwevanhu, uye nzira dzakakundikana dzinopambadza madhora emutero nekupisa mhirizhonga yatiri kuyedza. kugadzirisa."
Tsanangudzo dzakakura dzekuzvidzivirira kwevamiriri veproxies zvakare zvinonyanya kunetsa maererano ne 1202 chiremera, iyo inoda kunyange kutariswa kushoma pane 333 uye 127e uye โinoshandiswa kutsigira mauto ekunze, masimba asina kukwana, mapoka, kana kuti vanhu vamwe navamweโ vanobatanidzwa muhondo dzisiri dzenguva dzose. Ichiri kutevedzera 127e, 1202 haina kunangana nemapoka emagandanga ematunhu akaita seal-Shabab neISS asi โkunyika dzine hutsinye,โ dzakadai seIran kana North Korea, kana vavengi vepedyo vakaita seRussia neChina. "Kududzirwa kwakakura kwebazi rekushandisa kwemasimba masimba, kana yasanganiswa ne1202, inogona kutungamira kuhondo, izvo zvisina kubvumidzwa neCongress, kurwisa nyika dzine simba," Ebright akaudza The Intercept. "Kuti chiremera che1202 ive netarisiro shoma kana njodzi yainotakura - kana uchimhanyisa mauto ekurwisa ane simba, kunyangwe nyika dzine zvombo zvenyukireya - kukanganisa kukuru."
Chirevo chinopa mazano ekuvandudza congressional uye hutungamiri hweveruzhinji, kusimbisa kuenzana kwemasimba ehondo mukati mehurumende, nekudzivirira hutsinye husina kutenderwa neCongress. "Kubvisa ยงยง 333, 127e, uye 1202 kwaizodzosa chiyero chesimba kwayakamira pamberi pehondo yehugandanga," Ebright anonyora, achimanikidza Pentagon kuti itende Congress kuti kuvaka vamiriri vekunze kune dzimwe nyika kuri kuUnited States kuchengetedza nyika. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti kushanda, pamwe, uye kuburikidza nevatorwa vekunze uye vanobatana ndicho chinhu chakakosha pachiratidzo chePentagon chepasi rose, sekureva kwehutongi hweBiden huchangobva kuburitswa. National Security Strategy uye National Defence Strategy.
"Mapepa ese ari maviri anosimbisa kuti DOD inoona kubatana kwekuchengetedza seramangwana remaitiro ayo," Ebright akaudza The Intercept. "Zvichakadaro, paCapitol Hill uye muruzhinji, hatina nhaurirano pamusoro pezvinoreva izvi, zvichikanganisa vavhoti kunzwisisa kwatiri kuhondo uye kuti izvi zvichakanganisa sei kupinda kwechiuto uye kupinda munyika."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta