Vabitious vezvenhau vanobiridzira Stephen Glass naJayson Blair vakakanganisa mukurumbira we New Republic uye New York Times, zvichitevedzana, nokupinza makore enhau dzakagadzirwa mumapeji avo. Tinotenda ku Twitter Files, tinogona kugamuchira nhengo itsva kukirabhu yavo ine mukurumbira wakashata: Hamilton 68.
Kana munhu akafamba nevhoriyamu ega, iyi inowanzotaurwa neoliberal yekufunga-tangi iyo yakaburitsa mazana ehunyengeri misoro uye zvikamu zvenhau dzeTV zvinogona kudzika senyaya imwe chete huru yenhau yekunyepedzera munhoroondo yeAmerica. Anenge ese makuru makuru enhau muAmerica ane chekuita, kusanganisira NBC, CBS, ABC, PBS, CNN, MSNBC, The New York Times uye Washington Post. Amai Jones oga akaita nyaya dzinenge 14 dzakanangidzirwa ku“tsvakurudzo” yeboka. Kunyange chokwadi-kutarisa nzvimbo dzakadai Politifact uye Snopes yakatora Hamilton 68 senzvimbo.
Hamilton 68 aive uye i "dashboard" yekombuta yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa nevatori venhau uye vadzidzi kuyera "Russian disinformation." Yakanga iri brainchild yeaimbova mumiriri weFBI (uye iyezvino MSNBC "nyanzvi yekuongorora disinformation") Clint Watts, uye ichitsigirwa neGerman Marshall Fund neAlliance for Securing Democracy, tangi yekufunga-partisan. Yekupedzisira's Advisory Panel zvinosanganisira aimbova mukuru weCIA, Michael Morell, aimbove Mumiriri kuRussia Michael McFaul, aimbove Hillary weAmerica sachigaro John Podesta, uye imwe nguva. Weekly Standard mupepeti Bill Kristol.
Iyo Twitter Files inofumura Hamilton 68 sesham:
Chinhu chakavanzika muHamilton 68's analytic method yaive rondedzero ye644 maakaundi anonzi akabatana "neRussia pesvedzero zviitiko pamhepo." Yakanga yakavanzika kubva kune veruzhinji, asi Twitter yaive munzvimbo yakasarudzika yekudzokorora sampu yaHamilton nekuongorora zvikumbiro zveChirongwa cheChirongwa cheInterface (API), ndiko kutanga kwavakaita "kudzosera-injiniya" runyorwa rwaHamilton mukupera kwa2017.
Iyo kambani yainetsekana zvakakwana nezve kuwanda kwenhau dzenhau dzakabatana naHamilton 68 iyo yakarairawo kuongororwa kwe forensic. Ziva peji rechipiri pazasi rinoratidza akawanda emhando dzakasiyana dzemumvuri-kurambidza matekiniki aivepo paTwitter kunyangwe muna 2017, asi achisimbisa "Twitter's Chakavanzika Blacklist” thread yakaitwa naBari Weiss mwedzi wapera. Pano iwe unoona zvikamu kubva ku "Trends Blacklist" kuenda ku "Tsvaga Blacklist" kuenda ku "NSFW High Precision." Twitter yaitarisa kuti ingani maakaundi aHamilton aive spammy, phony, kana bot-like. Ziva kuti pa644 maakaundi, makumi matatu nematanhatu chete akanyoreswa muRussia, uye mazhinji acho aibatanidzwa neRT.
Tichiongororazve, vatongi veTwitter vakashamiswa. Nhoroondo dzinonzi naHamilton 68 dzakabatana ne "zviitwa zveRussian pesvedzero pamhepo" dzainge dzisiri dzechiRungu chete (86%), asi kazhinji "vanhu vari pamutemo," kunyanya muU.S., Canada, neBritain. Vachinzwisisa ipapo kuti Twitter inogona kunge ichikonzeresa kutsamwa, vakanyora kuti avo vane account "vanofanira kuziva kuti vakanyorerwa mazita eRussia stooges pasina humbowo kana nzira."
Mamwe mashoko mumaemail emukati ekambani:
"Maakaundi aya haasi echiRussia akasimba kana mabhoti akasimba."
"Hapana humbowo hunotsigira chirevo chekuti dashboard chigunwe pamhepo yeRussia ruzivo."
"Hazvina humbowo hwemushandirapamwe mukuru wepesvedzero."
Declared Trust and Safety chief Yoel Roth: "Ini ndinofunga tinofanirwa kungotaura izvi pamusoro pehutsinye hwazviri."
Vaviri vakatanga Hamilton 68, timu yebhuruu-uye-tsvuku yeaimbove chipangamazano kuna Marco Rubio Jamie Fly naHillary weAmerica Foreign Policy Advisor Laura Rosenberger, akaudza. Politico havana kukwanisa kuburitsa mazita eakaundi nekuti “maRussia achangozvivhara. " Tchya, rudyi. Kutarisa kumwe chete pane rondedzero kunoratidza chikonzero chaicho chavatadza kuita kuti chizivikanwe.
Iyi yakanga isiri sainzi ine mhosva. Chaive chitsotsi. Panzvimbo pekutsvaga kuti "Russia" yakakanganisa sei maitiro eAmerica, Hamilton 68 akangounganidza mashoma echokwadi, mazhinji maakaundi eAmerica, uye akatsanangura kutaurirana kwavo kwepamhepo sekuronga kweRussia. Sokutaura kwakaita Roth, "Kunenge chero mhedziso inotorwa kubva ku[dashboard] inotora nhaurirano mumakwikwi epa Twitter uye ichivapomera mhosva yekuRussia."
Paive nemakirasi matatu makuru eakaundi pane iyo Hamilton rondedzero: mutete mutsetse wevaRussia pachena (semuenzaniso. https://twitter.com/RT_America), kozoita murwi mukuru wevanhu chaivo vanobva kunyika dzekuMadokero, vachiteverwa nechikamu - pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pechishanu nechikamu - che "low user state," "pedyo nekufa," "spammy" nhoroondo dzisina kuunganidza vateveri uye " havana nzvimbo yakakura zvikuru pachikuva.” Vakuru ve Twitter vakacherekedza kuti ma zombie account akange asiri kukwidziridza maakaundi chaiwo. Panzvimbo yekuti, toti, boka reakaundi eRussia akawedzera kutumira mameseji kwaTrump, zvaive zvakadzoreka - boka remaakaundi echokwadi aTrump anoteedzera zvakataurwa naHamilton nezvevanhu vekuRussia.
"Kusarudzwa kweakaunti ... kunoshamisa uye kunoratidzika kunge kunopokana," akanyora Roth. "Vanoita sevanoda zvikuru maakaundi epro-Trump (avanoshandisa kutaura kuti Russia iri kuratidza kuda kwaTrump ... kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwakanaka kuti mumwe wavo ndeweRussia)."
Kunyangwe vamiriri veTwitter vakakatyamara kuverenga kuti ndiani aive akanyorwa. Mazita acho aisiyana kubva kune vanozivikanwa vezvenhau vakaita saDavid Horowitz kusvika kune vanochengetedza se Dennis Michael Lynch uye vanofambira mberi vakadai Consortium mupepeti Joe Lauria. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti rondedzero haina kungotora vatsigiri vaTrump chete asi ruzhinji rwevapikisi vezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira vekuruboshwe, vanarchist uye vanoseka. Akanyora mukuru wezvematongerwo enyika Nick Pickles, paakaona zita reBritish satirist @Holbornlolz:
"Mutengesi wekupedzisira," akanyora kudaro. "Ini ndinomutevera uye handingati ane pro-Russian ... handitombomuyeuke achitaura nezveRussia."
Vanhu ava havana kumbobvira vaziva kuti vakashandiswa kwemakore kutyaira mazana kana zvisiri zviuru zvenhau dzenhau pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kweRussia bot kupindira kwenhaurirano dzepamhepo: nezve Brett Kavanaugh kunzwa, Tulsi Gabbard's campaign, iye #ReleaseTheMemo nyaya, ivo Parkland kupfura, Sarudzo yaDonald Trump, iye #WalkAway uye #IStandWithLaura hashtag, Zvombo zveU.S kuSyria, ivo Bernie Sanders mushandirapamwe,Blexit” kufamba kubvisa vavhoti vatema kubva kumaDemocrats, anodana moto National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster, "kurwisa" pakuferefeta kwaMueller, nedzimwe nyaya dzisingaverengeki.
Svondo rapfuura, ndakatanga kuonana nevanhu vaive pachirongwa. Kuita kwakazorora pakati pehasha dzemapofu ("Amai!") uye kuvhunduka ("Ndiri shiri ine makore makumi manomwe nematatu echando muFlorida ... .
"Zvinosuruvarisa, handishamiswe asi ndakashatirwa kuti tinopomerwa nhema dzekuparadzira" Russian disinformation, "nguva ino paTwitter," akadaro. Consortium's Lauria. "Masangano akaita seHamilton 68 ari mubhizinesi kuti asimbise rondedzero yepamutemo, zvinoreva kuburitsa chokwadi chisingakodzeri, chavanodaidza kuti 'ruzivo rusiri rwechokwadi."
"Ndakanyora bhuku pamusoro peBumbiro reMitemo reU.S.," anodaro gweta riri muChicago, Dave Shestokas. "Maitiro andakaita runyorwa seizvi anoshamisa kwandiri."
"Ini ndakanyorwa semutorwa bot?" anodaro Lynch. "Semugari anodada anobhadhara mutero, murume wemhuri ane rudo, uye mwanakomana akavimbika weUS Marine w/a Purple Heart, ndarwadziwa. Ndinofanirwa nani. Tese tinoita!”
Semwana, Sonia Monsour akararama munguva yehondo yevagari vemo muLebanon, mutaundi rakatorwa nemauto echiKristu. Baba vake vakamutsiura panguva iyoyo kuti arase mamwe mabhuku akasiya avaichengeta pamba, kuitira kuti zvitendero zvake zvematongerwe enyika zvirege kurambwa naye. Paakaudzwa kuti aive paHamilton 68 runyorwa, akarangarira nyaya yehudiki. Akatamira kuMadokero kuti atize matambudziko akadaro.
"Zvichinzi munyika yakasununguka, tiri kutariswa pamatanho mazhinji, nezvatinotaura online," akadaro.
Oregon chizvarwa Jacob Levich (@cordeliers) aive mumwe wevanhu vashoma pane rondedzero vaiziva kuti Hamilton 68 chii. "Ndinoyeuka kuti yaive imwe NGO yakashata yaibatanidzwa mukutsvaga maakaundi aifungidzirwa kuti aipandukira," akadaro. Audzwa kuti akanga ari pandandanda yavo, akati, “Ndinogona kukuudza kuti hapana zvachose pfungwa yokuti ndinogona kudzorwa nerudzi rupi norupi rwepesvedzero yeRussia.”
Levich akaenderera mberi achiti:
"Pandakanga ndichikura, baba vangu vakandiudza nezveMcCarthyite blacklist," akadaro. "Semwana zvaisamboitika kwandiri kuti izvi zvaizodzoka, nesimba uye zvakafara, uye nenzira yakagadzirirwa kukanganisa kodzero dzatinokoshesa."
Ngano yaLevich iri pamwoyo wezvakashata nezveHamilton 68 mushandirapamwe. Iyi yaive yedhijitari McCarthyism, ichitora vanhu vane pfungwa dzinopikisa kana dzisina kujairika uye kuvapomera ruzhinji nezve "zviitwa zvisiri zveAmerica." Iyo yakasarudzika yeHamilton 68 vhezheni yeMcCarthyism ndeyekuti panzvimbo yekunangana nevakasiya (kunyangwe paine akati wandei anozviti anozviti akarembera kuruboshwe maakaundi pane iyo rondedzero), mazhinji eakaundi chaiwo aisanganisira anochengetedza, ane zvibato zvakaita seULTRA MAGA Imbwa Amai uye. @ClassyLadyForDJT.
Kunyangwe paTwitter, uko kwaisave neanochengetedzwa akavhurika mune rekodhi rekodhi, zvakazivikanwa kuti Hamilton makumi matanhatu nemasere (uye angangoita mamwe maviri masangano ekutsvagisa anoshandisa nzira yakafanana) aingotora organic chatter yeTrumpish nekuitsanangura sekuronga kweRussia.
Saiti iyi "inopomera nhema boka reakaunzi ari pamutemo ari eRussia bots," sekutaura kwakaita Roth, kuwana "kutenderedza maitiro evapambi, kutaura kuti chero zvinhu zvakarerekera zvakanaka zvinoparidzirwa neRussia bots."
Uku kwaive kunyomba kwedzidzo zvakare, sezvo Harvard, Princeton, Tembere, NYU, GWU, uye mamwe mayunivhesiti akasimudzira Hamilton 68 sosi. Zvichida zvinonyadzisa, vazhinji vakasarudzwa vakuru vakasimudzira saiti. Dianne Feinstein, James Lankford, Richard Blumenthal, Adam Schiff, naMark Warner vaiva pakati pevapari vemhosva. Watts, uyo ainyatsoziva kuridza melodrama yebasa rake, akapa yambiro yakaoma kuSeneti Intelligence Committee, achivaudza kuti vaifanira "tevera zvitunha” kana vachida kusvika pakadzika pedambudziko rekupindira kweRussia.
Kunyangwe zviri nyore kuona kuti zvinogona kutsamwisa sei kuiswa parunyorwa rwakadai - mumwe murwi wandakataura naye aifanira kubuda mukamuri ndokufemereka asati adzokera parunhare - kukuvadza kwakakura kwaive munharaunda, iyo yaive. pasi penhau dzemazuva ese uchishandisa iyi "Russian Bots Ari Kuuya" fomati. Idzi nyaya dzichiri kukonzeresa tsika nezvematongerwo enyika dzeAmerica uye dzakatamba mabasa akakosha musarudzo dza 2018 na 2020, dzichiisa kudzvanyirira kwaSanders, Trump naGabbard kuratidzira uku vachiwedzera kufarira kwaJoe Biden (anowanzo ratidzwa se "chinangwa. ” yeRussia bots). Pamusana pekukakavadzana kwepaIndaneti, ingave iyo Colin Kaepernick saga or nharo dzekudzora pfuti mushure mekupfurwa kwevanhu vakawanda, vatori venhau vakamhanyira kuti "Russian bots" vachiedza "kudyara kupatsanurwa," kazhinji vachishandisa Hamilton kana chipfeko chakadaro kusimbisa zvavanotaura.
Zvakatoipa, saiti iyi yakatanga nzira nyowani yenhau dzenhema, iyo vatori venhau kumasangano vanofarira Amai Jones, ari Washington Post, CNN uye MSNBC yakadya nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Imwe, ivo vaifarira kuve mune zvematongerwo enyika simpatico nemhedzisiro yesaiti (the Daily Beast vaisada kusundidzirwa kuti vati maRussia bots aisundidzira Trump flash mhomho "mumaguta makumi mana nematatu”). Chechipiri, zvaive nyore kugutsikana.
"Hezvino izvo troll dzeRussia dziri kusimudzira nhasi," yakaverenga chidimbu in Amai Jones naKevin Drum, zvese kunze kwekuzivisa kuti vatori venhau vanogona kuita misoro yenhau nekukurumidza sekofi yekukurumidza muzera reHam68.
Pakazosvika gore ra2018 - pamwe mushure mekutaura neTwitter, avo vatongi vakafungisisa nezve "kudzidzisa Clint" - Watts aibvunza pachena nzira yake, achiti, "Ini handina kugutsikana pane iyi bot chinhu.” Pasina nguva refu, mumwe munhu akakosha akabatana naHamilton 68, Jonathon Morgan we "cyber security firm" New Knowledge, akabudiswa nokuda kwekunyengedza kushandiswa kweRussia muAlabama Senate Race. Akashandisa nzira dzakafanana naHamilton kugadzira kutaura kwepamhepo nezve Republican Roy Moore aine rutsigiro rweRussia bot, akabatwa, uye akatambura nekuzvidzwa kwekuita icho chaakadaidza kuti "chiyedzo chidiki" chinotsanangurwa se "mureza wenhema" kushanda mu New York Times.
Kunyange mushure mokunge "kuedza" kwake kwapera, uye kunyange mushure mokunge Watts aratidza kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pe "bot thing," mafashamo e "Heino mabhoti" nyaya dzenhau dzakaenderera mberi. Masangano enhau akawira murudo nehunyengeri hutsva: sangano rekutsvagisa rinogadzira zvichemo zvebhoti, vatori venhau vanokanda zvichemo pazvinangwa zvinovengwa saDevin Nunes kana Tulsi Gabbard, misoro yenhau inoyerera. Iyo scam yaingoda zvinhu zvitatu: zvitupa zvemumwe munhu akaita se "aimbova mumiriri weFBI" Watts, kusavapo kwese kufananidzwa kwechokwadi chekutarisa, uye kunyarara kwemakambani akaita se Twitter.
Pachinhu chechitatu, Twitter haina mhosva. Kunyangwe vanhu vakaita saRoth vaida kuenda nesimba kumafabulists - "Kurudziro yangu panguva ino ndeyekupedzisira: iwe usunungure rondedzero kana isu toita," akanyora - pakupedzisira vanhu vakaita seremangwana White House uye mutauriri weNational Security Council Emily Horne akapa yambiro. "Isu tinofanirwa kungwarira kuti tinodzosera sei ASD pachena," akanyora kudaro. Carlos Monje, chipangamazano mukuru weramangwana kune Secretary of Transportation, Pete Buttigieg, vakabvumirana.
"Ini zvakare ndakagumbuka nekusadaidza Hamilton 68 pachena, asi nzwisisa kuti tinofanirwa kutamba mutambo wakareba kuno," Monje akasarudza.
Kunyangwe dai Twitter yakasundidzira kumashure, zvingadai zvisina basa. Sezvazvaive, apo vatauriri vekambani vakakurudzira vatori venhau kubva pane rekodhi kuti vagare kure, ivo havana - seSenator Dianne Feinstein naRichard Blumenthal vasina, apo Twitter yakaedza kuvanyevera kuti "Russian bot" nyaya dzaive dzenhema. Horne akanyora kakawanda kuti akange asina rombo rakanaka mukutungamira vatori venhau kubva kune iyi misoro yehack. “Vatori venhau vari kugumbuka,” akanyora kudaro, achiwedzera, “zvakafanana nokushevedzera kusina chinhu.”
Ndakakumbira mhinduro kubva kune vakasiyana siyana yevatambi - kubva kuAlliance yeSecuring Democracy kuenda kuWatts naMcFaul naPodesta naKristol kune vapepeti nevatungamiriri venhau kuMSNBC, Politico, Amai Jones, ivo Washington Post, Politifact, nevamwe. Hapana akapindura. Vese vachaita sekuti izvi hazvina kuitika. Vatori venhau vashoma vakawana kodzero iyi panguva imwe chete, kubva Glenn Greenwald to Max Blumenthal to Miriam Mukuru naCharlie Wurzel ve Buzzfeed kumasaiti akadai Mwedzi weAlabama, anogona kutora mukana wekukunda. Anenge ese mamwe masangano enhau aifambisa nyaya idzi uye anofanirwa kubuda pachena nezvazvo.
Iyo Hamilton 68 ngano haina analogi akajeka munhoroondo yenhau, izvo zvinogona kupa vanyori venhau vakuru chikonzero chekusavhara. Vachange vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kukuru kuti vadzivise kugadzirisa nyaya iyi, sezvo vangangove vese vanoshandira masangano ane mhosva yekuparadzira nyaya dzaHamilton "bullshit" muhuwandu.
Iyi ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha Twitter Files nyaya. Imwe neimwe yengano idzi inotsanangura chimwe chinhu chitsva nezvekuti makambani akaita seTwitter akasvika sei pakurasikirwa nekuzvimirira. MuUS, musuwo wakavhurirwa masangano akaita seFBI neDHS kuti vatsigire pamusoro pekugadzirisa zvirimo mushure meCongress yanetsa Twitter, Facebook, neGoogle nezve "kupindira" kweRussia, chiitiko chaifanira kuonekwa sekutyisidzira kunoramba kuchiitika kuitira kuwedzera kuongorora. "Ndinotenda zvikuru kuti America iri kurwiswa," akadaro Hamilton 68 muvambi Laura Rosenberger. chiisei, mushure mekuona ma tweets a Sonya Monsour, David Horowitz, uye @holbornlolz.
Nyaya yeHamilton 68 inoratidza kuti kunyengera kwekuenderera mberi "kupindira kweRussia" kwakashanda sei. Hunyengeri hwemashiripiti hwakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekusangana kwezvido, pakati pekufunga-tangi, midhiya, uye hurumende. Kare, taingofungidzira. Iye zvino tava kuziva: "kutyisidzira kweRussia" kwaive, mune iyi nyaya, ingangove boka revanhuwo zvavo vekuAmerica, vakapfeka kunge Red Menace. Jayson Blair aive nehero yekufungidzira, asi kunyangwe iye aisakwanisa kuuya nechirongwa chinonyadzisa ichi. Nyarai panhau dzese dzisina kuramba nyaya idzi.
"Zvipfeko zvakaita seHamilton 68 hazvifanirwe kubvumirana nesu," anodaro Lauria. "Asi vanofanirwa kutisiya isu toga."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta