Hazvina kukwana kuti Derrick Jensen asabvumirana neni, anofanirawo kunditi murevi wenhema, zvichireva kuti ndiri rusaruraganda, kundipomera kusavimbika kwenjere, kuseka zita rangu rekupedzisira nekuti typo mugwaro reimwe vhezheni yakasiyana. rondedzero yangu, yakatsikiswa kumwewo, yakaperetera zvisirizvo, uye pakupedzisira yakatuka vapepeti vejenari ino yakanaka se“vanoita zvechinyakare” vanoda kutaura “kwakasimba” na“munyori mukuru.” Chero chipi zvacho chimwe tsamba yaJensen inotarisirwa kuratidza, inoratidza zvakawanda kupfuura zvatingade kuziva nezvemurume uye hunhu hwake.
Jensen anodurura yakawanda inki ye toner nezve basa revapepeti kuti vatarise zvese zvinorehwa nevanyori vavanoburitsa. Asi iyo yakawanda hooey, uye anozviziva. Iko hakuna vashandi vekudhirowa pajenari ripi neripi pasi rose vanoongorora chokwadi chese munyaya dzese. Kana paine zvisizvo murondedzero yangu yepakutanga (uye zvechokwadi ndichareurura kune vaviri vavo munguva pfupi), mhosva iri kwandiri chete, kwete nevapepeti. Muchokwadi, vapepeti veUTA, vachiri "vadiki" (nguva yekuzvideredza mumaoko aJensen) vanoita basa repamusoro, rinongwarira kushanda pabhajeti retambo. Ivo iboka guru revanhu, uye havakodzere kutukwa kwavo naJensen kwavari.
Ndisati ndapindura zvakananga kuna Jensen, ndinofanira kutaura kuti pandakatanga kubvuma kunyora chinyorwa chekuongorora cheLierre Keith's. Vegetarian Nhema Ndakadaro ndisingadi. Bhuku raKeith rakashata uye risingadzidzisi kutaura pachena harina kuratidzika serisingakodzeri dambudziko. Ndakafunga kuti hapana munhu aigona kukoshesa bhuku rakadaro. Zviitiko zvakatevera zvakaratidza kutadza kwandakaita. Kuti chinyorwa changu chidiki chinofanira kudzikisa kutsamwa kwaJensen ("munyori ane mabhuku makumi maviri kunze," sezvaanotiyeuchidza zvine mwero) zvinoratidza kuti chimwe chinhu chakakomba chingave chiri mungozi mushure mezvose. Uyezve, ndichiverenga tsamba yaJensen uye ndikatarisa muzvinyorwa zvake, ndinoona kuti ndanga ndichihukura muti usiri iwo. Lierre Keith anongori chikara chaFrankenstein, anoteedzera Jensen pachake. Zviri nani kuva nachiremba pachake.
Jensen anotanga noti yake yekumhanya nekuedza kwaHerculean kutora nits. Rega ndimupe maviri acho. Mukurangarira, kutanga, ndingadai ndakajekesa kuti apo ndakarondedzera Keith “achiimba nomufaro sezvaanouraya zvipfuwo zvake zvomupurazi namaoko ake amene asina chinhu” ndakanga ndisingatarisiri. Ndakafunga kuti zvaive zvakajeka kubva mukusava nemusoro kwechifananidzo chandaishandisa rezinesi rekunyora. Kana zvisina kudaro, ndinokumbira ruregerero. Muchokwadi, handizive kuti Keith anouraya sei mhuka dzake dzepapurazi. Asi ini handifunge kuti zvine basa kune yangu nharo. Papeji 271 yebhuku raKeith, anonyora kuti, “Ndakatarisa zvokudya zvangu mumaziso. Ndakasimudza imwe yacho ini, ndaiida ichiri diki uye isina dziviriro. Ndakadzidza kuuraya. Uye ndakadzidza kutaura nyasha dzangu. " Saka zvakaoma kukwereta chirevo chaJensen kuti Keith"haana kumbouraya mhuka ipi neipi zvayo.” Chokwadi, Keith anotipa fungidziro yekuti anouraya mhuka dzake dzakatapwa iye, padhuze uye pachezvake. Zvisinei, kana Keith anongotirasisa kufunga kuti akawana dumbu rekuuraya, mumwe munhu zvechokwadi anouraya mhuka dzake kana dzapedza basa radzo sezvinhu zvinoshandisika kuna Keith, sevamwe varimi vechikadzi mhuka. A motif mubhuku rose kunaka uye kukosha kwekuuraya. (Sokutaura kunoita Keith kanopfuura kamwe chete, kuti “kuti mumwe munhu ararame, mumwe munhu anofanira kufa.”)
Kana iri yechipiri kukanganisa kwangu kwemavara: zviri pachena kuti mombe dzandaiti dzaKeith dzaiva dzemumwe munhu. ndakanyara zvikuru. Nekudaro, kuti Keith ane mombe here kana kuti kwete hazvina basa zvachose kumibvunzo yakamutswa muchinyorwa changu. Izvo hazvina basa kana mombe dzandakataura murugwaro dzaive "Heirloom" mhou. Mhou dzinodaidzwa kuti Heirloom zvinhu zvemutengo wepamusoro zvakasimudzirwa kunyanya kuurayiwa. Pfungwa yeHeirloom uye Heritage "madzinza" ndeyekudzoreredza genetic siyana muzvipfuyo zvekutengesa, senge makeweight kune iyo genetic monoculture inoratidzira nyama yemazuva ano indasitiri. Kudzigadzira kunoda kuisirwa mombe nechisimba. Mhou dzechirume dzisingadiwe (dzinotorwa se "dzakawanda" hapana anoda) dzinouraiwa kana kutengeswa muindasitiri yeveal. Mhuka dzenhaka dzinenge dzauraiwa nekuda kwenyama yadzo. Uye semune dzimwe nhandare dzekubira mhuka, nzira yechisimba nekusuwa inotambudzawo bapiro iri rekufamba kwekurima kwemhuka. Sokuseka kwakaita maneja wezvokutengeserana nekurukurirano weAmerican Livestock Breeding Conservancy, “‘Tinofanira kudzidya kuti tidziponese.’”[1] (Cf. mushandirapamwe wekushambadzira mwedzi uno neLegal Seafoods, muurayi mukuru wekambani wezvipenyu zvemugungwa muNorth America, achiratidza pachena kune veruzhinji kufarira kwainofungidzirwa mukubata hove “kusingadzoreki” neichi chiziviso kopi: “Chengetedza gakanje. Richengete kuratidza kuratidzwa kuti chisikwa chose chitsvene, zvisinei nekuti chidiki sei.
Saka pfungwa yangu yakakura ichiripo: kana mhuka dzakadaro dzinofa zvishoma nezvishoma, nokurova kwedemo (izvo Jensen anotivimbisa kuti “hazviwanzoshandiswa”—kusiyana negororo, demo rinoshandiswa mugungwa, apo mhuka dzomugungwa dzinobayiwa nemaziso kana kuti maburi kuti dzidhonzwe, dzichifa. mukurwadziwa kunorwadza, vari mungarava), kana kuti kufa pashure pokuchekwa huro nokubviswa ganda riri mhenyu (nzvimbo yakajairika mudzimba dzokuurayira dzanhasi), kana kuti kubva mupfuti yebhaudhi yakatapwa (yakawanda yenguva iyo mhuka inokuvadzwa asi isingaurawi), haibatiki. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti vanhu vane hanya, vakangwara vane hupenyu hwakazara hwepfungwa vari kuurayiwa zvine hutsinye muzviuru zvemamiriyoni, uye hapana chikonzero chinodzivirirwa chero chazvo.
Kune bhizinesi guru rekupokana kwaJensen: kutanga, Jensen anodzokorora pfungwa yaKeith yokuti kuuraya kwakarongwa kwevanhu kwedzimwe mhuka (1) ndokwomuzvarirwo uye (2) hakuna kusiyana nekukohwa gorosi kana kutanha maapuro pamuti. Muchokwadi, Jensen ari kungodzokorora imwe pfungwa yaakataura iye pakutanga kumwe kunhu, uye iyo Keith akazongotora kubva kumuperekedzi wake wehungwaru (kugamuchirwa kuKeith-Jensen echo chamber). Ngazvive izvo, Jensen anosendeka parutivi nharo yepakati pechinyorwa changu, icho chaive icho simba rinoshanda nekuita mhirizhonga uye kutonga. Pane kudaro, anopokana kuti "zvingave zvakaoma kupokana kuti kuuraya dzimwe mhuka hakusi kwechisikigo, sezvo mumakore ekudzidza ndakasangana chaizvo uye mumwe chete wezvinomera ... tsika dzevanhu kubva muzviuru chaizvo." Tichisiya chokwadi chekuti tsika zhinji dzevanhu uye subcultures zvakararama kunyanya pazvokudya zvemirivo kwemakore uye kunyange mazana amakore panguva, zvichida nokuda kwechikonzero (munguva apo nyama yemhuka yakanga iri shoma) kana kuti nechisarudzo (vaBuddha, vaHindu, vaJain, zvichingodaro, vamwe vavo vakagamuchira miitiro yokusadya miriwo neyemhuka inopfuura chiuru. makore apfuura), Jensen anongokanganisa mune imwecheteyo, yekusaziva naturalistic fallacy iyo Keith anobvuma. Mumwe unoshamisika kana Jensen akatoverenga kutsoropodza kwangu Keith zvachose. Nokuti mairi, ndakaratidza nhema dziri pachena dzechitendero chokuti nokuti tsika yetsika iri kana kuti yave ichiitwa zvakafara kana kuti kunyange pasi rose, inofanira naizvozvo kuva zvose “zvakasikwa” (zvichireva zvomuzvarirwo uye chikamu chezvipenyu zvedu kwete zvokushongedzerwa munzanga) uye kururama kwetsika. Nepfungwa iyoyo, kutonga kwevarume nechisimba chinoitirwa vakadzi kunofanira kunge kuri kwemuzvarirwo uye kwakarurama, sezvo tsika dzese dzakadzidzwa naJensen dzaive dzamadzibaba. Kubatwa chibharo nehondowo zvinogona kuwanwa mutsika dzose, kana kuti dzinenge tsika dzose, munyika, yekare neyazvino. Saka ndezvakasikwa uye zvakarurama here?
Jensen anotevera kunyora kuti "angave anovenga kuedza kupokana kuti maIndia eTolowa, ane nyika yandinogara zvino, uye akagara pano kweanenge makore 12500, uye vakaita izvi zvakakwana, uye vaive uye vari vanhu vesalmon. , vakanga vasingararami senhengo dzakabatanidzwa zvizere dzenharaunda yavo yechisikigo, uye vachiita kudaro kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi mukupfuurira ... kutenderera kwoupenyu norufu.” Sezvo vaverengi vachaziva kubva kune mamwe mabasa ake, Jensen ane simba guru pasalmon. Yaimbova cod. (In Mutauro Mukuru pane Mazwi, Jensen anorondedzera chiroto chakajeka chaakarota umo akauraya noutsinye hove yemvura yakadzika. Mukurota, mumwe murume anouya kwaari akati, "I cod." Jensen anozonyora kuti: "Ndakamuka ndichinetseka, uye ndikaziva kuti aida kuti ndidye, nditore. Ndizvo zvatinofanira kuita tese." Kunyange zvisiri izvo Mukadzi weLake achikanda Arthur bakatwa, hope dzechiporofita dzaJensen dzinoita sedzisina kukahadzika hwaro hwekutaura nezvekodzero yezvematongerwo enyika. Ona mabatiro aMonty Python ekutaura kwaArthur kwehutongi pamusoro peBritain mukati Monty Python uye iyo Tsvene Girairi) Chero zvaJensen's fish du jour, dambudziko nerudzi urwu rwerudo rwevanhu veko nderekuti rinotungamira avo vanoritsigira kupinda mugwenzi retsika relativism uko kusingazodzoke.
Jensen zvinoreva kuti "rusarura" kubvunza huchenjeri hweTolowa (izvo, zvakadaro, ini handina); asi kana zvakadaro, ipapo kunofanirawo kuva norusarura kubvunza miitiro yokurima yavanhu vakare veMesopotamia neAmerica nemhaka yokuti miitiro yavo yokurima yakatungamirira muzviitiko zvakawanda kungwavaira yemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yezvipenyu, sezvinoita vose vari vaviri Jensen naKeith. Zvakadaro, ichokwadi chinorwadza asi chinodiwa kuti kunyangwe tsika dzechivanhu dzaive dzakangwara uye dzakachenjera, dzimwe nguva (kunyangwe panguva imwe cheteyo) dzaive dzechisimba zvakanyanya, dzinotenda mashura, uye dzinowanzoparadza kana kusvibisa nharaunda yavo yechisikigo. Asi ipapo, zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona uye zvinofanira kutaurwa nezvevanhu vose netsika, kusanganisira yedu pachedu. Saka ini chido zvitaure: vanhu veko vanhu, uye nekufamba kwenguva ivowo vakatambura musanganiswa wavo usingawanzoitiki weuipi neunhu sevamwe vese. Icho chikamu chechimiro chemunhu, uye Jensen angaita zvakanaka kuzvivhurira pazviri. Vamwe zvizvarwa zvemo vaiponda nekudya vanhu mune dzimwe nharaunda. Vamwe vaiita zvinhu zvinosvota zvekuuraiwa kwevanhu vakawanda uye kurwadziswa, kwevanhu nevasiri vanhu zvakafanana. Iyo nyaya yekuti vakauraya pane diki diki pane yatakakwanisa kuita nayo technics inowanikwa kwatiri munharaunda yakasimukira yecapitalist inofanirwa kucherechedzwa, asi chokwadi ichocho hachifanire kutiita kuti tishaye pfungwa yekuti ivo vakakanganisawo. Moral relativism pachayo inyanzvi yemazuva ano.
Asi sezvandinotaura, kana iri "rusarura" kubvunza maitiro evasiri veEurope, ipapo Jensen anofanira kuzvitsanangurira kuna Jensen nokuda kwekudzingwa kwake kwechinyorwa chemaitiro ekurima anoramba aripo munzvimbo yeTai Lake yeChina yekare. Mukubatana uku, kutsamwa kwaJensen pamusoro pekushandisa kwangu 1997 Ellis uye Wang chinyorwa pamusoro peTai Lake chinoratidzika sechibuda mumunda wekuruboshwe. Sezvinei sekunge akangopenengura chinyorwa ichi pamhepo, anopotsa kana kufuratira pfungwa yandanga ndichiedza kutaura, iri yekuti varimi venzvimbo iyi mudunhu iri vakakwanisa kurima zvirimwa kweanoda kusvika chiuru chemakore, vasingaparadze ivhu. Jensen anoreva kuti muna 1997 Ellis naWang vaive sanguine pamusoro pekushandiswa kwefetereza munzvimbo iyi. Mukupesana, muchinyorwa chavo - icho Jensen sezviri pachena haasati averenga-vanoratidza kushushikana nekukurumidza kusinga gadzirise kukurumidza kwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye shanduko kune petroleum-yakavakirwa fetiraiza: "Nhamba dzevanhu dzave kuita zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri zvechinyakare, uye dunhu iri rinoramba riri rimwe rematunhu ari kuita kurima zvakanyanya pasi rose nekuda kwekuisa fetereza inorema iyo yakachinja nitrogen kubva pakudya kunoganhurira kuenda kune inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa." Kutaura chokwadi, vanyori vaigona uye vaifanira kunge vakaridza mabhero ane ruzha zvakanyanya (sezvakasikwa masayendisiti, vanonyora muchidimbu chinodzivirirwa chechirango chavo). Kunyange zvakadaro, zvazvinoreva zvakajeka: nyika yeKomonisiti yakafambisa ecosystem kusvika kumiganhu yayo yakakwana uye yakatsiva a kusvibisa nitrogen sosi kune yechinyakare inodzikamisa imwe. ("Kunyangwe rubatsiro rwakakura rwekudya rwakakunda kuganhurwa kwenitrogen mukurima kwechinyakare, izvi hazvireve kuti mimwe miganhu haishande," vanoyambira.)
Saka zvakaoma kuziva kuti sei Jensen ari kuburitsa data rese richiratidza kuti dunhu reTai Lake rave njodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Ndiani akati haisi? Jensen anonyora kuti “[zvinetso] zvekusvibisa zvakapararira zvino muChina pashure pemakumi matatu emakore ekukura kusingadzorwi kweupfumi.” Hongu, ndizvozvo. Asi vanyori veongororo ya1997 vakanga vasingataure nezvemakumi matatu emakore apfuura, vaitaura nezvenguva yakagara kubva munenge muna 950 C.E. kusvika 1950 C.E. Izvozvo hazvisi nokusingaperi, uye hakusi kunyange kuedza kwekare kwakabudirira zvine mufungo kwekurima kunoenderera mberi, asi. kumhanya kwakanaka zvakadaro. Zvimwe tine chimwe chinhu chekudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kune varimi vekuChina ava….Asi kwete. Tisati tabvunza pane zvese izvo Jensen akasvetuka achisimudza maoko ake nezve hope dzinotyisa dziri kuTai Lake nhasi. Nekudaro, kuparara kusinga taurike kwenzvimbo yeTai Lake inyanzvi yekugadzira. non-miitiro yakadzikama yakatanga mushure meChimurenga cheChinese muna 1949. Sei zvino Jensen achindigarisa chigaro nevapepeti vachipomerwa kudzivirira mitemo inoparadza yekurima neyemhoteredzo yeMao's neDeng's China? Heino Jensen: “Uye uyu ndiwo muenzaniso waanoshandisa pakugarisika? Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso waunoburitsa semuenzaniso wekusimudzira? Sei vapepeti ve Kusimudza Anti hausi kunetseka nekutarisa chokwadi ichi?" Kune mumwe munhu anoti vapepeti veUTA havana hanya nekutadza kutarisa chokwadi chevavanopa, Jensen anokatyamadza hunyanzvi pamusoro pezvinyorwa.
Asi zvino, Jensen anomiririra zvisizvo nharo dzangu nekunyatso kunoshamisa. Anoti ndakataura kuti Lierre Keith anoramba manzwiro kumhuka, izvo zvandisina. Uye anoti ini ndakati "kuti Lierre anotadza kuratidza kuti kurima kunotungamira 'kukuuraya zvipenyu,' uye kufuratira zvese zviri zviviri iye nemienzaniso yakawanda yenyika yekuti izvi zvakaitika sei uye kupi," nezvimwewo. Chokwadi ndakabvuma zvizere pfungwa iyoyo naKeith uye. akatsanangura chikonzero nei chaikosha uye chiri chokwadi. Izvi ndizvo zvandakanyora:
Keith anonyora zvinobaya mwoyo pamusoro pemutero unoitwa nekurima kwemazuva ano pazvipenyu zvemo uye pamarudzi emhuka anogara mazviri. Zvekurima zvinoparadza nzizi kuburikidza nekuita salinization, zvinorasa nitrogen inoyerera mugungwa, zvinobvisa zvinovaka muviri kubva muvhu, zvine chepfu kana kutamisa mamiriyoni eshiri, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, hove, uye zvinokambaira, uye zvinoshandura nharaunda dzaimbobudirira kuita nzvimbo dzerenje. Kurima kwekambani zvechokwadi i'hondo' panyika, imwe yakafanana ne 'kucheneswa kwemarudzi' .... Keith ichokwadi kuti nzira yezvino yekurima yemonocrop, iyo inovimba nekusagadzikana uye inouraya ecological infusions ye petrochemicals, yakaputsika.
Kwandinosiyana kubva kuna Keith naJensen ndiko kugutsikana kwavo kusina mubvunzo zvose kurima kunoparara. Vanotaura chokwadi kuti miitiro yakawanda yokurima yaiitwa nevanhu vakawanda vekare yaiparadza nharaunda. Asi kwete vose.[2] Chero zvingave, dai ndaida kutevera muenzaniso waJensen ndaitendeuka ndomuti "murevi wenhema." Asi kudana-zita hakuna kusvika padanho, uye zvakadaro handifungi kuti kusatendeseka ndiro dambudziko raJensen. Chokwadi chinosiririsa kupfuura izvozvo. Jensen anozivikanwa naKeith nezvinzvimbo zvake zvekuti haana kana kumbonetsekana kuti averenge chinyorwa changu asati abvisa tsamba yake yakadzikama kuUTA. Nemweya weanoremekedzwa, Jensen Murwere, Jensen Akachenjera, Jensen Muperekedzi kune Vadiki uye Vasina Vagadziri Vanyori, anotivimbisa kuti. nepo "anga asina nguva yezvisina maturo izvi ... ndakatora nguva yekuisa zvikanganiso izvi uye kukuratidza izvo zvinofanirwa kuitwa nemupepeti nekuti ndine hanya nechokwadi." Muchokwadi, zvaakaita kwaive kuchekerera-nhonga mamwe mapoinzi nekuapfekedza semashanga ekudonhedza pasi. Ndiko kuzvisarudzira kwake, asi kana achida zano rangu anofanirwa kufunga kaviri asati akanda matombo mukati meimba yake yegirazi huru, mabhuku makumi maviri akadhindwa kana kwete.
Ngatiendei pakupedzisira kune mapfupa makuru ekukakavara (pun yaida). Sezvandakatora marwadzo kuratidza, Lierre Keith zvakajeka uye kakawanda anosanganisa mhuka nemiti, uye kufa nekuuraya, mubhuku rake. Mumhinduro yake, Jensen anongodzokorora kuvhiringidzika kweontological kwaKeith, achinyora kuti “kudya kwose kunoda rufu.” Hongu zvinoita, ndosaka ndataura murondedzero yangu yekutanga. Zvakadaro, zvandakataura zvakare ndezvekuti chokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvese zvinofa, kana kuti muhupenyu tinomborwadzisa vamwe kana kukonzeresa kuti zvimwe zvipenyu tife, hazvigone kuve unhu kudzivirira kuuraya nemaune kana kukonzera kutambura kune vanhu vanoziva. Kunyatsoongororwa, "kudya kwese kwaJensen kunoda rufu" kunoderedza kusvika kune tautology, chimwe chinhu chiri mumutsara we "hupenyu hupenyu," izvo ndezvechokwadi asi zvisingafadzi muuzivi. Tinogona kungotaurawo kuti nzanga yevanhu "inoda" rufu, nokuti dai vanhu vasina kufa, pangadai pasina nzvimbo yekuisa vanhu vatsva. Asi kubvuma kuti “kuti vamwe vararame vamwe vanofanira kufa” kwaisazova chikonzero nokuda kwekuvauraya. Chero zvazvingaitika, ini ndichibvuma murondedzero yangu kuti kurima, kunyangwe kurima kwakasimba, kunotungamira kurufu rwe "chibatiso" muvanhu vasiri vanhu, ndakaratidzawo kuti mhuka inouraya mhuka inouraya akawanda, kakawanda kupfuura ezvisikwa izvozvo, zvakananga uye. nemaune (mabhiriyoni emhuka akavharirwa nechisimba uye akashandiswa uye obva aurayiwa gore rega rega kuti asangane nekusanzwisisa uye kukura kudiwa kwenyama) uye zvisina kunanga, kuburikidza nekutonga kwayo nyika (sezvo inopfuura 75% yeminda yekurima nhasi inoshandiswa kurima zvirimwa zvemhuka. kudya kuitira kuti tigouraya uye tidye).
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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