Kunobva: The Marginalian
"Hapana chinhu chinosiririsa semutsoropodzi wechidiki," Maya Angelou akadaro mukati kubvunzurudza kwake kwakanakisa, “nokuti zvinoreva kuti munhu wacho abva pakuziva chinhu kuenda pakusatenda chinhu.”
Makore gumi apfuura, muna 1967 Massey Lectures, Dr. Martin Luther King, Mwana. (Ndira 15, 1929–Kubvumbi 4, 1968) akaongorora masimba anoshatisa vechiduku mukushora—izvo yakanyanya puerile chimiro chekusashivirira - nekugadzira matunhu matatu ekutanga ekuita uye kuramba mumamiriro ekuchinja kwemagariro.
Yakatangwa muna 1961 neCanadian Broadcasting Corporation uye yakatumidzwa zita raVincent Massey - munhu wekutanga wekuCanada akashanda segavhuna mukuru weCanada, akange atungamira komisheni yehumambo yeCanadian arts, tsamba, nesainzi, achigadzira chiratidzo chakakosha Massey Report yakatungamira. pakugadzwa kweNational Library yeCanada - Massey Lectures epagore akakoka nyanzvi ine mukurumbira kuti itaure hurukuro shanu dzehafu yeawa pamwe chete nevector yekuda kwavo uye chinangwa, idzo dzakazotepfenyurwa paredhiyo yeruzhinji manheru eChina chega chega. Pakupedzisira, CBC yakatanga kudhindisa hurukuro mumabhuku. Asi mamwe ekutanga, kusanganisira vashanu Dr. King vakaunzwa mumwedzi yekupedzisira yehupenyu hwake, vakaramba vasina kudhindwa kwemakumi emakore, kusvika pavakazoburitswa muna 2007. Iyo Yakarasika Massey Lectures: Yakadzoreredzwa Classics kubva kune Vashanu Great Thinkers (raibhurari yeruzhinji).
Muhurukuro yake yechitatu, yakanzi "Youth and Social Action," Dr. King anopa taxonomy yemarudzi matatu evanhu umo vechidiki venguva iyi "vakaparadzaniswa" - sarudzo yake yepamusoro-shoko - nemasimba emagariro evanhu.
Kupfuura hafu yezana ramakore nekudaro, ibasa rinobatsira, rekudzora kwenguva uye nekugadzirisa tsika, kufunga kuti ndezvipi zvakafanana neaya archetypes angave ari munguva yedu yanhasi, mumutauro wedu wanhasi. Mutauro wedu unogona kunge wakachinja zvakanyanya - Dr. King ainyora munguva pamberi pekugadzirwa kwevakadzi, apo “munhu” aireva vanhu vose; nguva apo chidimbu cheBIPOC chingadai chakaita kuti vanhu vatarise uye "Negro" yaive nguva yake yesarudzo - asi isu tichiri kurarama nekuoma kunzwisisa uko mutauro unogara uchitsvaga kujekesa uye kuvepo. Masimba emagariro anoparadza chizvarwa chezvino chevechidiki achinja, uye haana kuchinja - chirevo chekusingaperi chekucherechedza kwaZadie Smith kuti. "Kufambira mberi hakumboperi, kunogara kuchityisidzirwa, kunofanirwa kudzokororwa, kudzokororwa uye kuongororwazve kana ichizopona."
Nechevha iyo mapoka matatu makuru dzimwe nguva anopindirana, Dr. King vanotsanangura yekutanga:
Boka gurusa repwere riri kutamburira kuzvichinjira rimene kumipimo yakatekeshera yenzanga. Pasina kushingairira kukuru, vanogamuchira hurongwa hwehurumende, hukama hwehupfumi, hurongwa hwezvivakwa, uye kugarisana kwevanhu kunounza. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, ivo iboka rinonetsekana zvikuru, uye vanotsoropodza vane hasha chinzvimbo kwakabva.
Zviri nyore kufungidzira vadiki venguva yedu, vachidzungaira nekusagadzikana kumwe chete, kuzviisa pasi kwechigumbu kuhurongwa, vakamhara pamadhesiki avo akamira pamakampasi egirazi eGoogle neFacebook, vachinwa kombucha yemakambani papombi vachigadzira matweets asinganzwisisike. vachipesana nehutsinye hwemapurisa, homophobia, uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kunyorova nekutya kuve munhu munyika, munhu ari kusimukira munyika inonzwa yakakurisa uye isingazungunuke. Dr. King vanotora kusanzwisisana uku nehunhu hwavo hwekuda kuziva:
Muboka guru iri, mafungiro evanhu haana kuumbika kana kutsunga; vane mvura uye vari kutsvaga.
Anosiyanisa boka rekutanga nerechipiri - avo vari kurambwa pachena uye pachena kwechimiro quo:
Iwo ma radicals… anotangira pakati pepakati kusvika pakunyanyisa padanho ravanoda kushandura magariro evanhu. Vese vanobvumirana kuti chete kurongeka kuchinja kunogona kubviswa uipi hwazvino, nokuti midzi iri mugadziriro panzvimbo pavanhu kana mukushanda kusina kunaka. Aya ndiwo rudzi rutsva rwema radicals.
Kudeya kutsva uku ndekwechinyakare, kana kuti kunyanyoita muAmerica, nekuti tsananguro yaDr King pamusoro pemweya wechizvarwa ichocho irondedzero yakaenzana yemweya wechizvarwa chakakuchidzira Chimurenga cheFrance mazana maviri emakore apfuura, gungwa rakaparadzana. Anodhirowa ma radicals ema1960s:
Vashomanene zvikuru vanoomerera kupfungwa ipi neipi yakagadzwa; vamwe vanokwereta kubva kudzidziso dzekare dzechimurenga; asi dzinenge dzose dzinomisa kutonga pamusoro pechinofanira kuva chimiro chenzanga itsva. Vari mukumukira kwakakomba kutsika dzekare uye havasati vanyatsogadzira itsva. Havasi kudzokorora dzidziso dzechimurenga dzakapfuura; vazhinji vavo havana kana kuverenga zvinyorwa zvechimurenga. Nenzira inosetsa, kupandukira kwavo kunobva mukuve vakaodzwa mwoyo mukutsvaka chinjo mukati megadziriro yenzanga iripo. Vakaedza kuvaka kuenzana kwemarudzi, uye vakasangana nekupikiswa kwakasimba uye kunotyisa. Vakashanda kuti vapedze Hondo yeVietnam, uye vakawana zvisina maturo. Saka vanotsvaga kutanga patsva nemitemo mitsva muhurongwa hutsva.
Mune manzwiro anonyatso tora nhepfenyuro yemazuva ano - iyo inogara ichibudira, inogara ichiita nhanho yekumira uchipokana kwete yezvinhu, nzvimbo iri kuramba isingagutsi uye inowedzera kusimudzira yecherechedzo yaBertrand Russell. "kuvaka uye kuparadza zvakafanana zvinogutsa kuda kwesimba, asi kuvaka kwakanyanya kuoma sekutonga, uye nekudaro kunopa kugutsikana kwakanyanya kune munhu anogona kuzviita" - Dr. King vanowedzera pane izvi zvinonzi radicals:
Zvakanaka kutaura, kunyanguvezvo, kuti iye zvino vanoziva zvavasingadi pane zvavanoda.
Kuzivisa boka rechitatu se "mahippies" enguva - boka rakaenzana naro rinonyanya kufadza kuziva uye kuwana munzvimbo yedu yemazuva ano yechizvarwa - anonyora:
Mahippies haana mavara chete asi akaoma kunzwisisa; uye munzira dzakawanda mufambiro wavo wokunyanyisa unovhenekera muuyo wakashata wenzanga papwere dzine hanya. Kunyange zvazvo kune misiyano, avo vanozviratidzira neboka iri vane huzivi hwakafanana.
Vari kunetseka kuti vasiyane nenzanga sekuratidzira kwavo kuiramba. Vanobvisa mutoro kunzanga yakarongeka. Kusafanana neane radicals, ivo havasi kutsvaga shanduko, asi kutiza. Apo apo neapo vanobatana nekuratidzira runyararo, hakusi kuita zviri nani nyika yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi kuratidza nyika yavo vamene. Iyo yakaoma-core hippy inopesana zvinoshamisa. Anoshandisa zvinodhaka kutendeukira mukati, kubva pane chokwadi, kuwana rugare nechengeteko. Kunyange zvakadaro anotsigira rudo sechinhu chepamusoro-soro chemunhu - rudo, runogona kuvapo chete mukukurukurirana pakati pevanhu, uye kwete mukuparadzaniswa kwese kwemunhu.
Mune tsinhiro ine njere inoshanda kumafambiro mazhinji ari kukurumidza asi akakosha uye akakosha munhoroondo yese, anowedzera:
Kukosha kwemahippies hakusi mumaitiro avo asina kujairika, asi muchokwadi chekuti mamwe mazana ezviuru zvevadiki, mukutendeukira kuchimiro chechokwadi chekubhururuka, vari kuratidza kusaremekedza kwakanyanya nzanga yavanobuda mairi.
Anopa fungidziro inotsigirwa nenhoroondo, ichiratidzira ramangwana rinobvira remamwe emagariro edu pachedu paanenge ave imwe nguva yapfuura:
Zvinoita sekuti mahippie haagare kwenguva yakareba seboka revanhu vakawanda. Havagoni kurarama nokuti hapana mhinduro mukupukunyuka. Vamwe vavo vangaramba vachiomerera kuva sekete rechitendero chenyika: kufamba kwavo kunotova nemaitiro akawanda akadaro. Tinogona kuona mamwe acho achigadzira utopian colonies, senge nharaunda dze17th ne18th century dzakavambwa nemasekete aipikisa zvakanyanya kurongeka kwaivepo nehunhu hwayo. Nharaunda idzodzo hadzina kurarama. Asi dzaive dzakakosha kune vepanguva yavo nekuti chiroto chavo chekururamisira munzanga uye kukosha kwevanhu kunoenderera sechiroto chevanhu.
Dambudziko rinonyanya kunakidza rekushandisa mitero yaDr. King kunguva yedu nderekuona kunze kwekutaura kwepamusoro kunopenya nekunyepedzera kwekusiyanisa, kutarisa mukati mezvakadzama fananidzo pakati pemafungiro ekare neazvino. Kutiza hakuwanzo kutaridzika sekutiza - kutiza kunogona kuita kunge pseudo-kubatikana. Mushonga wechizvarwa wesarudzo unogona kunge uri psychoactive molecule, kana kungave kudhaka kwekuzviruramisa kuchiita sekumuka kumusiyano. Tekinoroji inogona kupa manyepo ekutora chikamu mudemokrasi uku ichikonzera kuparadzaniswa pakadzika kwemweya - chimwe chinhu chechokwadi chehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwekudaidzwa kunonzi social media. Dr. King anonyora kuti:
Hapana chinhu muruzivo rwedu rwokugadzira zvinhu chinopenya chinogona kusimudza munhu kusvika pakakwirira, nokuti zvinhu zvinokura zvakapera mazviri, uye, kana pasina chinangwa chetsika, munhu pachake anova muduku sezvo mabasa omunhu anokura.
Kumwe kukanganisa kweshanduko yetekinoroji ndeyekuti pachinzvimbo chekusimbisa democracy… zvakabatsira kuibvisa. Indasitiri yeGargantuan nehurumende, zvakarukwa mukugadzira michina yekombuta yakaoma kunzwisisa, inosiya munhu ari panze… Kana munhu asisiri mutori wechikamu wechokwadi, kana asingachanzwa kuve nemutoro kunharaunda yake, zviri mukati mehutongi hwezvido zvevanhu zvinenge zvisina. Kana tsika dzadzikisirwa uye hutsvina huchigadzwa, kana hurongwa hwemagariro husingavake chengetedzo asi huchikonzera njodzi, zvisingaite munhu anokurudzirwa kubva munzanga isina mweya. Kuita uku kunoburitsa kusarudzika - pamwe budiriro inotekeshera uye ine hutsinye munharaunda yemazuva ano… Kuparadzaniswa kunofanira kunge kuri kwekunze kune vechidiki. Kukura kunoda kubatana uye kuvimba. Kuvatorwa imhando yekufa kunorarama. Ndiyo asidhi yekuora mwoyo inoparadza nzanga.
Mukuwirirana nemweya unopa upenyu weiri basa rerudo pano, anosimbirira pamusoro pekukosha kwekuchera rekodhi rakaunganidzwa rechiitiko chatinodaidza kuti nhoroondo “kune zvinhu zvakanaka zvave zviripo, asi mukusanyatsojeka.” Echoing nyoro yaWhitman yakare-kare kurudziro iyo "Zvekare, remangwana, ukuru, rudo - kana vakasununguka kwauri, iwe hausi munhu kwavari," Dr. King anowedzera kuti:
Kupesana nekusimudzirwa kweruzivo rwemichina, kwagara kune simba riri kunetseka kuremekedza hunhu hwepamusoro. Hapana humwe huipi hwazvino hwakamuka pasina kupikisa, kana kuramba pasina kushorwa.
Inoenderana neSeamus Heaney's zano rinosimbisa kuvadiki, Kierkegaard on kusaenderana uye simba revashoma, uye Richard Powers's mushonga wekutsoropodza, wobva washanyirazve Dr. King on mbiru nhanhatu dzekupokana nechimiro chiripo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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Holy mackeral! Izvi zvakakosha. MLK yaive yakawanda kupfuura yainzwisiswa nevakawanda. Akanga ari mufungi akachenjera pamusoro pekushanda pachena kune zvakakosha shanduko yemagariro uye kururamisira kune vose.