Kuwanda kwemishumo, kuburitswa, uye manyepo nezvehondo iri kuuya yeUS kurwisa hudzvanyiriri hwaSaddam Hussein muIraq inoenderera mberi. Hazvigoneke kuziva, zvisinei, kuti yakawanda sei iyi ihondo inotungamirwa zvine hungwaru yehondo yepfungwa kurwisa Iraq, kuwanda kweruzhinji rwehurumende kusava nechokwadi nezvedanho rayo rinotevera. Chero zvazvingaitika, ndinoona zvichibvira kudavira kuti kuchava nehondo sezvisingazoiti. Zvamazvirokwazvo kurwa kukuru kwamashoko kumugariwo zvake hakusati kwamboitika muutsinye hwavo, nomugumisiro wokuti zvishomanene zvine chokwadi chose chose pamusoro pezviri kuitika chaizvoizvo. Hapana munhu anogona kuzvimiririra anotsigira mauto akasiyana-siyana nemauto emugungwa anoshumwa zuva nezuva, uye nekupa kujeka kwekufunga kwake, vavariro chaidzo dzaGeorge W Bush dzakaoma kuverenga. Asi kuti nyika yese ine hanya - chokwadi, kunetseka zvakanyanya - nezve njodzi inotyisa ichaitika mushure meimwe Afghanistan-yakafanana nemhepo kurwisa vanhu veIraq, zvekuti hapana kupokana.
Uye zvakadaro, chimwe chikamu chemafashamo emafungiro, uye chokwadi chiri kunyanya kunetsa pachezvacho uye pasina kutaura nezvechinangwa chayo chaicho, kutenderera kwezvinyorwa zvine chekuita ne-post-Saddam Iraq. Chimwe chandinoda kukurukura zvakanyanya chikamu chekuenderera mberi kwekuedza kwakaitwa nemutorwa wekuIraq, Kanan Makiya, kuzvisimudzira sababa veyavanodaidza kuti "isina maArabu" uye yakaganhurwa mushure meBa'ath nyika. Zvino zviri pachena kune chero munhu ane hanya zvishoma pamusoro pekutambudzika kwenyika iyi yakapfuma uye yaimbova kubudirira kuti makore ekutonga kweBaathist anga ane njodzi, zvisinei nehurongwa hwekutanga hwehurumende hwekusimudzira nekuvaka. Saka panogona kuve nekupokana kudiki nekuyedza kufungidzira kuti Iraq ingaite sei kana Saddam ikakundwa kungave nekupindira kweAmerica kana nekupidigura kwemukati. Kubatsira kwaMakiya mukuedza uku kwave kwakadzikama, pamhepo nemumapepanhau emhando yepamusoro apo anopihwa gwara rekutaura zvaanofunga, izvo zvandichataura nezvazvo munguva pfupi. Izvo zvave zvisinganyanyi kujeka, zvisinei, kuti iye ndiani uye kubva mumashure maanobva. Ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha kuziva zvinhu izvi, kana chete kutonga kukosha kwechipo chake uye kunzwisisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwemafungiro ake uye mazano.
Aiwanzozivikanwa seane tsvakurudzo yekubatana neHarvard uye sapurofesa paBrandeis University (vose vari muBoston), Makiya pandakamuziva pakutanga mukutanga kwema1970 ainyatsobatana nePopular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Sezvandinorangarira, aimbova mudzidzi wezvivakwa paMIT, asi haana kumbotaura chero chinhu panguva dzandakamuona. Akabva anyangarika pakuona kwangu, kana kuti pakuona kwangu. Akaonekwa muna 1990 saSamir Khalil, munyori webhuku rakashongedzwa rinonzi The Republic of Kutya iyo yakatsanangura hutongi hwaSaddam Hussein nekutya kukuru uye mutambo. Rimwe remabasa enhau ekutanga eGulf War, The Republic of Kutya zvaiita kunge zvakanyorwa - maererano nekubvunzurudzwa kwakashata naMakiya iyo yakaonekwa mu New Yorker magazini - apo Makiya akatora nguva yekushanda semubatsiri wefemu yababa vake yekuvaka muIraq pachayo. Akabvuma mubvunzurudzo kuti, neimwe nzira, Saddam akanga abhadhara mari yokunyorwa kwebhuku rake zvisina kunanga, kunyange zvazvo pasina akapomera Makiya kushandira pamwe nehurumende yaaivenga sezviri pachena.
Mubhuku rake rinotevera, Hutsinye uye Kunyarara, Makiya akarwisa vazivi vechiArab vaaipomera mukana uye kusazvibata nekuti vairumbidza hutongi hwakasiyana-siyana hwemaArabu kana kuti vakaramba vanyerere pamusoro pekushungurudzwa kwehurumende dzakasiyana-siyana kuvanhu vavo. Hongu Makiya haana chaakataura nezve nhoroondo yake yekunyarara uye kuwirirana semubatsiri wehutongi hweIraqi, kunyangwe hazvo, aive nekodzero yekushandira chero waaida. Asi akataura zvinhu zvakaipisisa nezvevanhu vakaita saMahmoud Darwish neni nekuda kwekuve vemunyika, vachinzi vanotsigira mhirizhonga uye, panyaya yaDarwish, nekunyora ode kuna Saddam. Zvizhinji zveizvo Makiya akanyora mubhuku, mukuona kwangu, zvakanga zvichimukira, zvichibva sezvazvaiva pamatauriro oumbwende uye kududzira kwenhema, asi bhuku racho, chokwadika, rakafarikanya nguva yakakurumbira kana kuti mbiri kubvira apo rakasimbisa murangariro wokuMadokero wokuti maArabu. vaiva nhubu uye vanyarikani vakashata. Zvaiita sezvisina basa kuti Makiya pachake akanga amboshandira Saddam kana kuti akanga asina kumbobvira anyora chero chinhu pamusoro pehutongi hwemaArab kusvikira panguva yake. Republic of Kutya, kusvikira, kureva kuti, akanga abuda muIraq uye akapedza basa rake ikoko. Airumbidzwa pano neapo muAmerica kuti akanga ari murume akashinga nehana uye kuti akanga azvidza tsika yokuzvishora yenyanzvi dzechiArab, asi rumbidzo iyi yaiwanzotutirwa pana Makiya nevanhu vakanga vasina ruzivo rwekuti Makiya pachake haana kumbonyora. munyika yechiArab kana kuti chero kunyora kuduku-duku kwaakaita kwakanga kwanyorwa seri kwezita remanyepo uye upenyu hunobudirira, husina ngozi muMadokero.
Kunze kwemabhuku ake maviri uye chinyorwa chaikurudzira hutungamiri hweUnited States kuti vatore Baghdad munguva yekutanga yeGulf War, Makiya haana kunyanya kunzwika kubva shure kwaizvozvo. Zvino gore rakapera akabudisa bhuku risingaverengeki richiratidza neimwe nzira kuti Dome of the Rock yakavakwa chaizvo nomuJudha; yakatumirwa kwandiri nemuparidzi, saka ndakaita kuti ndakaiongorora isati yaonekwa zviri pamutemo, asi zvakadaro ndakashamisika kuti yakanyorova sei, uye sei, ndisingakwanisi kuramba kuratidza kuti mangani mabhuku akaverengwa nemunyori, rakazara nemashoko omuzasi, chokwadi chinhu chisina kujairika kune yainzi ingano. Zvakafa rufu rwetsitsi, zvisinei, uye Makiya akadzokera mukunyarara.
Kusvikira hurumende yakafemerwa neIraq yatanga mwedzi mishoma yapfuura Makiya akange ataura zvishoma nezvehondo yekurwisa hugandanga, zviitiko zve9/11, uye hondo muAfghanistan. Ichokwadi kuti akaita tsinhiro kune yakakurumbira yekuAmerica kwevhiki mbiri yebhuku raMohamed Atta rinofungidzirwa remagandanga echiIslam, asi kunyangwe nemaitiro ake kwaive kuita kushoma. Ndinoyeuka zvakajeka, zvisinei, kuti kupera kwezhizha rapfuura ndakawana mukana wekunzwa hurukuro yeredhiyo naye umo akazivikanwa kekutanga semutungamiri weboka reDhipatimendi reUnited States rinoronga mushure mehondo, mushure meSaddam Iraq. Zita rake rakanga risati raonekwa pakati peavo vanonzi vaive muboka remapoka anopikisa eIraq anopihwa mari neUS, uye akange asina chaakapa chaigona kuverengwa nenhengo yeruzhinji nezve gakava rePalestine neIsrael kana chero nyaya dzekuMiddle East, kunyangwe Ndakanga ndanzwa kuti akanga ashanyira Israeri kakawanda.
Shanduro yakakwana kwazvo yezvirongwa zvake zveIraq mushure mekurwisa kweAmerica kunobva pabasa rake razvino semushandi anogara muUS Department of State, inobuda mumagazini yaNovember 2002. Prospect, yakanaka yakasununguka yeBritish pamwedzi yandinonyoresa. Makiya anotanga “chikumbiro” chake nokududza fungidziro dzinoshamisa dziri seri kwenharo dzake, mbiri dzacho dzinenge netsanangudzo dzisingafungidziriki. Chekutanga ndechekuti "kusunungurwa" kweSaddam hakufanirwe kuitika mushure memushandirapamwe webhomba. Makiya anofanira kunge aigara paMars kuti afungidzire kuti, muchiitiko chehondo, kurwisa kukuru kwebhomba kwaisazoitika kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chimwe nechimwe chakaparadzirwa chekuchinja kwehurumende muIraq chakataura zvakajeka kuti Iraq yaizoputirwa pasina tsitsi. Pfungwa yechipiri ndeyekufungidzira zvakaenzana, sezvo Makiya anoita seanotenda achipokana nehumbowo hwese hwekuti US yakazvipira kugutsaruzhinji uye kuvaka nyika muIraq. Sei achifunga kuti Iraq yakafanana neGermany neJapan mushure meHondo Yenyika II (zvose zvakavakwazve nekuda kweHondo Yemashoko) inopfuura ini; kunze kweizvozvo, haambotauri chokwadi chekuti US yakatsunga kudzikisa hutongi hweIraqi nekuda kwenzvimbo dzemafuta enyika uye nekuti Iraq muvengi weIsrael. Saka, anotanga nekuita fungidziro dzisina musoro dzinongobhururuka pamberi pehumbowo hwese.
Asina kuodzwa mwoyo nemirangariro isingakoshi yakadaro, anopfuurira. VaIraqi vakazvipira kumubatanidzwa, anodaro, pane kuhurumende yepakati. Humbowo hwaanopa hunenge husina basa. Kufanana nekumwe kuyedza kwake kwese kutendeudzira muverengi wake kuti anoita mapoinzi, pfungwa dzake hadzina kusimba nekuti dzakavakirwa zvakaenzana pafungidziro yekufungidzira uye yake, inopokana zvakanyanya zvisimbiso zvemunhu. Akazvipira kumubatanidzwa, uye saka anoti maKurds. Iko federalism sehurongwa inofanirwa kubva (kunze kwekubva padhesiki rake muDhipatimendi reHurumende), haanetse kutaura. Zviripachena, anoronga kuita kuti zvibviswe kubva kunze, kunyangwe iye achitaura zvisingabvumirwe kutaura kuti "munhu wese" anobvumirana kuti federalism muIraq inofanirwa kuve mhedzisiro. Izvi "zvinoreva kuendesa simba kubva kuBaghdad kuenda kumapurovhinzi", zvichida nekurohwa kwepeni yeGeneral Tommy Franks. Mumwe angadai akafunga kuti post-Tito Yugoslavia haina kumbovapo uye kuti iyo inosuruvarisa yemubatanidzwa yenyika yakabudirira zvachose. Asi Makiya akazvipira kwazvo kumaonero ake somuzivi wedzidziso akafanana namambo wehurumende zvokuti anongofuratira miuyo, nhau, vanhu, nzanga, uye chokwadi chose chose kuitira kuti agogona kutaura nhau yake inosekesa isingafungidziriki. Izvi, hongu, ndizvo chaizvo zvinofarirwa nehurumende yeUS, ndiko kuti, kuve nevakasiyana vazivi veArab vane mhosva kune vasina dunhu vanokurudzira mauto eUS kuhondo vachinyepedzera kuunza "democracy" panzvimbo mukupokana kuzere kweAmerica chaiyo. zvinangwa uye maitiro ayo chaiwo enhoroondo. Makiya anoita seasina kunzwa nezve kupindira kunoparadza kweUS muIndochina, Afghanistan, Central America, Somalia, Sudan, Lebanon, nePhilippine, kana kuti US parizvino iri kubatanidzwa muchiuto nenyika dze80.
Mhedzisiro huru yekupembedza kwaMakiya kupambwa kweIraq neUnited States izano rake rekuti Iraq itsva ngaive isiri maArabu. (Ari munzira, anotaura achizvidza maonero echiArabu ayo, anoti, haambofi akakwanisa kuita chero chinhu. Izvi zviri pachena kuti zvinojekesa bhodhi nokuda kwefungidziro dzake dzine mweya pamusoro pezvose zviri mberi uye zvekare.) Kuti iyi mhinduro yemashiripiti yeDe-Arabising ichauya sei. pamusoro, Makiya haatauri, kupfuura anotiratidza sei Iraq inofanira kusunungurwa kubva pakuzivikanwa kwayo kweIslami uye masimba ayo ehondo. Anotaura nezve isinganzwisisike alchemical quality yaanodaidza kuti "nzvimbo" uye anoenderera mberi nekuvaka imwe sandcastle pane iyo sehwaro hweramangwana nyika yeIraq. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, anozvipira kuti izvi zvose zvichavimbiswa "kubva kunze", neUnited States. Kwakamboitika izvi zvisati zvaitika haisi nyaya inonetsa Makiya, kungofanana naanoita seane hanya nokusatsigira kweUS uye kuparadza kusiri madikanwa.
Munhu anoshaya kuziva kuti oseka here kana kuchema nemaitiro aMakiya. Zviripachena kuti uyu murume asina ruzivo rwakarekodhwa rwehurumende, kana kunyange chizvarwa. Pakati penyika netsika uye pasina kuzvipira kunooneka kune ani zvake (kunze kwebasa rake repamusoro-soro), iye zvino awana nzvimbo yakadzika mukati mehurumende yeUnited States iyo yaanoshandisa kupisa ndege dzake dzinoshamisa dzekufungidzira. Kune mumwe munhu akadzidzisa vezera rake nezvebasa rehungwaru uye kutonga kwakazvimirira, anopa mienzaniso yeimwe kana imwe. Zvakapesana chaizvo. Akamira papurupiti iyo yakamusunungura kubva mukuzvidavirira iye zvino anoita kunge ari kushandira tenzi akamubhadhara zvakanaka pamabasa ake - sekushandirwa kwaakaitwa naSaddam munguva yakapfuura - uye hana yake inoshanda nesimba. Ndinoona zvisingadaviriki kuti Makiya anozvibvumira utsvene hwakadaro uye zvisina maturo, asi zvino nei asingadaro? Haana kumbobvira aita gakava reruzhinji nevamwe vake vekuIraq, asina kumbonyorera vateereri vechiArabu, haana kumbozviisa pamberi pechigaro kana chero basa rezvematongerwo enyika rinoda kushinga uye kuzvipira. Angave akanyora zvemanyepo kana kurwisa vanhu vasina kuwana mukana wekupindura kusvibiswa kwake.
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti Makiya anonyatsoratidza kuti izwi rake uye muenzaniso weramangwana Iraq. Uye kufunga kuti zviuru zvehupenyu zvakatorasikirwa nezvirango zvehutsinye zvemutsigiri wake kana kuti humwe hupenyu nemararamiro ave kuda kuparadzwa nehondo dzemagetsi dzakaparirwa nyika yake nehurumende yaGeorge Bush. Asi murume uyu haanetseki nazvo. Asina tsitsi kana kunzwisisa chaiko, anozeya-bata achiitira vateereri veAnglo-America vanoita sevakagutsikana kuti pano pave nemuArabu anoratidza ruremekedzo rwakafanira kusimba ravo nebudiriro, zvisinei nekuti Britain yakaita sei mukuparadzana kwemaimpiriyasi kweArab. nyika kana zvakaipa zvakadii iyo US yakabata maArabu kuburikidza nerutsigiro rwayo kuIsrael uye nehudzvinyiriri hwemaArabu.
In uye pachake, Makiya chinhu chinopfuura. Iye, zvisinei, chiratidzo chezvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Anomiririra muzivi anoshumira simba pasina mubvunzo; simba guru, kusava nechokwadi kwaanoita kushoma. Iye munhu asina maturo, asina tsitsi, asingaratidzi kuziva kutambura kwevanhu. Asina misimboti yakagadzikana kana hunhu, akajairwa nevanoshora maArab hawks (saRichard Perle, Paul Wolfowitz, naDonald Rumsfeld) vanodonhedza hutongi hweBush senhunzi pakeke. Imperialism yeBritish, mitemo yeIsrael yehutsinye, kana kuzvikudza kweAmerica hazvimusunge kwechinguva. Zvakatoipisisa pane zvese, murume wekunyepedzera uye wepamusoro, achizvibata kumeso pakunzwisisa kwake kunyangwe achishora vanhu vake kuti vatambure zvakanyanya uye nekusagadzikana. Nhamo kuIraq!
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