Kunobva: Open Democracy
"Ndanga ndichidzima moto sezvavanosimuka," anoseka chiremba chiremba wezvekubereka Jesanna Cooper, achitaura nezvebasa rake mumwedzi yapfuura pakati pedenda muBirmingham, guta rine vanhu vakawanda muAlabama.
Nzvimbo inozivikanwa kwazvo yekurwira kodzero dzevanhu muma1960s, Birmingham ichangobva kuona kuratidzira kwakawanda kweBlack Lives Matter. Inenge 30% yevagari vayo gara muurombo uye vanopfuura 70% ndevemuAfrica vekuAmerica, avo vakatarisanawo nehuwandu hwekufa kwevanaamai nevana vacheche zvisina kuenzana.
Akatarisana nekushomeka kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira (PPE) uye anogara achichinja nhungamiro uye kurudziro, Cooper anoti ave nenguva yakaoma yekuyedza kuvimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere vake - uye kodzero.
Anowana nguva yokutaura neni parunhare neMuvhuro masikati. Ari kufona, asi izuva rakanyarara mushure memavhiki mashoma. Semunhu anorwira kodzero dzevanhukadzi uye anomiririra kodzero dzevakadzi, Cooper anoti anoda kuti kuzvara kuve chiitiko chinopa simba kumunhu wese anopinda muchipatara chaanoshanda - chinangwa icho coronavirus chakaita kuti zvinyanye kuoma kuzadzisa.
Sezvo nyaya dzeCCIDID-19 dzakapararira muUnited States, zvipatara zvakawanda zvakatanga kuunza mirau yekudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona. Vakadzi vaisununguka vakakurumidza, uye zvakakomba, kukanganiswa.
The World Health Organization (WHO) yakanyatso kurudzira nyika kuti, panguva yedenda, vakadzi vachine kodzero ye "kuchengetwa kwemhando yepamusoro vasati, panguva uye mushure mekusununguka" - kusanganisira kutaurirana kwakajeka uye zvine ruremekedzo, uye shamwari yesarudzo panguva yekusununguka. Asi nhungamiro iyi inoratidzika kunge yaive yakasvibiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda muUS uye pasi rose.
KuBirmingham, Cooper anoti akarwa kubva pazuva rekutanga kudzivirira izvi uye kuchengetedza kodzero dzevakadzi panguva yese iyi dambudziko. "Hondo yedu yekutanga yaive yekutsanangura kuti taive takakosha," anondiudza, uye kuona kuti vashandi vewadhi yevanosunungukira havana kufuratirwa mukugoverwa kwePPE shoma.
Dambudziko rakatevera rakauya apo vakuru vehurumende yeAlabama vakakurudzira kuti zvipatara zvidzivise nhamba dzevashanyi. Zvipatara zvakawanda zvakaita izvi, kumanikidza vakadzi vari kusununguka kuita sarudzo pakati pekuva nemudiwa wavo, hama kana doula navo. Chipatara chaCooper chakateverawo, asi akarwisa.
"Ndanga ndichidzima moto sezvavanomuka."
Doulas, anodaro, havasi vashandi vehutano vane marezinesi, asi "chikamu chakakosha chechikwata chevanotarisira", vachipa rutsigiro nekunyaradza uye kuita sevamiriri vevakadzi panguva yekusununguka. Studies vakatsigira kuti basa ravo rinogona kuguma nezvikamu zvishoma zvekuvhiya, matambudziko uye kushanda kwenguva refu.
Cooper akava nechokwadi chekuti chipatara chake hachina kurambidza kuvapo kwa doulas uye kuvabata sechikamu chechikwata chehutano, kwete sevashanyi.
Kumwe kurwa kwaive kupokana nezano rekutanga kubva kuUS Centers for Disease Control (CDC) - kupesana Nhungamiro yeWHO - kuparadzanisa vakadzi vane fungidziro kana yakasimbiswa hutachiona hweCOVID kubva kuvacheche vavo. Cooper anoti zvipatara zvakati wandei zvakatevera zano iri (iro rakadzokororwa muna Chivabvu, kukurudzira kupatsanurwa kwakadaro chete pane imwe nyaya-ne-nyaya).
“Zvakanga zvisina musoro kwandiri,” anodaro. Kunyanya panguva yedambudziko iri, anondiudza, kuyamwisa kunofanirwa kuve chinhu chekutanga, kusimbisa dziviriro yevacheche vanozvarwa. “Zvinoita sezvisingatarisirwi,” anodaro, kuti matanho ave “kuvhiringa kuyamwisa kwemazuva mashoma iwayo okutanga obva aendesa mwana kumba naamai vasina kunyatsogadzirira kuyamwisa.”
Nhungamiro yeWHO inotsanangura kuti zvakachengeteka kuti vanaamai vayamwise: hapana humbowo hwekuti COVID-19 inogona kutapuriranwa nekuyamwisa uye hutachiona hunoshanda hahuna kuwanikwa mumukaka.
“Munhu anozvara ndiye musoro wengarava. Kaputeni wechikwata.”
Kutarisana nematambudziko aya eCCIDID-19, maitiro aCooper anga ari ekurwisa zvirambidzo zvekumusoro-pasi nekumanikidza kodzero dzevakadzi uye sarudzo dzavo dzine ruzivo kuti dzive pakati pezvirongwa zvechipatara chake.
“Munhu anozvara ndiye musoro wengarava. Mukuru wechikwata. Saka zvataifanira kuita kwaive kuita hurukuro yakatendeseka pamusoro pezvatinoziva nezveCOVID uye zvatisingazive nezvazvo,” anotsanangura kudaro.
Kuchipatara chake, kunyangwe mukadzi aine COVID-19, anogona kusarudza kusaparadzaniswa nemwana wake achangozvarwa. "Vanachiremba vedu vevana vanoisa pamwe chete mucherechedzo wakanaka wezvingasarudzwa, kusanganisira nhungamiro dzekudzikisa njodzi," anotsanangura kudaro, uye ruzivo urwu rwunogovaniswa nemukadzi anobva asarudza.
Iyi nzira, anodaro Cooper achizvikudza, inoreva kuti vanaamai vatsva vanogona "kuramba vachiyamwisa uye vachiri kuwana hukama hwepfungwa hwaunowana nehukama hwepedyo hunoenda nekuyamwisa. Ndinofunga kuti izvi zvakakosha kuvacheche, uye ndinofunga kuti zvinokosha kuna vanaamai.”
Sangano re'kodzero dzekuzvara'
pasi mutemo weUS, munhu wese ane kodzero yekupihwa mvumo neruzivo rwekurapwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vane kodzero yekuwana ruzivo rwavanoda kuita sarudzo nezvehutano hwavo, kusanganisira kuramba mamwe marapirwo. Asi vamiriri vekodzero uye vaongorori vanoyambira kuti kunyangwe denda risati rasvika, misimboti iyi yaivepo kugara achidzikisirwa kana kusateererwa panguva yekusununguka.
Cooper chikamu chediki asi rakabatana network yevamiriri ve'kodzero dzekuzvara' vari kuedza kushandura izvi. Cristen Pascucci, muvambi weboka Kuberekwa Monopoly.
Chiremba wekuBirmingham ave nekuwedzera kuburitswa kwenhau dzemuno nezvebasa rake - uye mushandirapamwe wake parizvino wekushandura chikamu chekiriniki yake yeob-gyn, mhiri kwemugwagwa kubva kuchipatara, kuita 'yekubatsira vanozvara unit'. Izvi zvichabatsira madzimai ane mimba dzisina njodzi kuti vape zvinotsigirwa nana mukoti-nyamukuta.
Asi aka ndekekutanga kutaura nyaya yake kune vateereri vepasi rose. Inopa hwindo mudambudziko rakareba rakatangira denda: kushungurudzwa kwakapararira kwekodzero dzevakadzi panguva yekusununguka. Nyaya yake inotitaurirawo kuti, kunyanya kubva mu radar, vanachiremba vechikadzi uye vamiriri vekodzero vari kugadzira shanduko munharaunda dzavanogara, kunyangwe paine kusawirirana.
Zvanga zvisiri nyore. "Ndave ndichinetseka nekufamba kwemakore nemashoko asina kunaka uye kudududza pamusoro penzira yandinoita nayo," anodaro Cooper, "uye nekuda kwehutano hwangu uye kukundikana kwangu kuwirirana neboka rezvokurapa reAlabama." Asi akawana nzvimbo yake nevaanoshanda navo iye zvino "vakasiyana uye vane pfungwa dzakazvimirira", avo vanomupa "rutsigiro rwakawanda kupfuura rwandakamboita".
Vanobatana nezvitendero
Chiremba wezvechikadzi akawanawo vanobatana mukati mechitendero cheAlabama, izvo "zvinonakidza, nekuti isu tinotevera nzira dzakasiyana kuenda kumagumo akafanana kana zvasvika pakuzvarwa. Isu hatibvumirani mune zvematongerwo enyika, asi vese vanotsvaga nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekuberekera vakadzi vane kupindira kushoma kusiri madikanwa. "
“Vakadzi vanosarudza muitiro wangu vanobatanidza mhatsa yemaonero ezvamatongerwe enyika pamwe chete neorudzidziso,” anodaro Cooper. Vanouyawo nehurongwa hwakasiyana hwekuzvara, uye zvakanaka naye. Sarudzo nemvumo zviri pakati pekuita kwake.
Pasinei nekuti vakadzi vanosarudza kuberekwa kwemishonga, kana c-zvikamu, kana kuberekerwa kumba, Cooper anoti chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanonzwisisa zvese zvavanosarudza, kusanganisira njodzi uye nzira dzekudzideredza.
“Basa rangu nderekushandisa hunyanzvi hwangu kubatsira kuzadzisa hurongwa hwakaiswa nemunhu anenge asununguka pamwe nekupa ruzivo rwunomubatsira kuti awane mhedzisiro yaanoda,” anodaro. Kutevera nzira iyi, anowedzera, zvinoreva kuti "kana zvinhu zvikasafamba sezvazvakarongwa, vanhu vachiri kunzwa vakasununguka nazvo, nekuti vaive chikamu chechiitiko, kwete chikepe chinongogara."
Psychology uye c-zvikamu
Cooper's obstetrics kudzidziswa, anodaro, "yakanga iri chirongwa chekurapa zvakanyanya uye ini handina kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda nekuzvara kusingatariswe, kupindira kwakaderera". Paakazosununguka ndipo paakatanga kusava nechokwadi nezvaakanga adzidza. Paakangodzokera kumba nomwana wake achangoberekwa, akatanga kuva nezvinetso zvokuyamwisa izvo zvaakatadza kutsanangura kubva pakudzidziswa kwake.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, "Ini ndakanga ndisati ndambofunga nezvekuti kudzidziswa kudiki kwandaive ndawana mukutsigira vakadzi vanoyamwisa uye kuti nzira yatinozvara inokanganisa sei kuyamwisa." Mushure mezvo, Cooper akatanga kudzidza nyaya idzi, uye nyamukuta, izvo zvaanoti zvakavhura maziso ake kuti "zvakawanda zvakadii kubva mumuviri weruzivo watinawo isu sevarapi kana tasvika pakuzvara."
Nepo varapi vakadzidziswa kutarisa zvirwere nezvirwere, anotsanangura, vananyamukuta vanotarisawo pakugadzirira vakadzi mupfungwa kuti vasununguke, kusanganisira "kuva munzvimbo yakadzikama uye kusvika pakuzvarwa pasina kutya".
"US ndiyo inzvimbo ine ngozi zvakanyanya kuzvara munyika dzakasimukira."
Cooper akafunga kubatanidza vananyamukuta muvashandi vake muchipatara - vachirwisa hutongi kwemakore matatu kuti izvi zviitike. Paakangodaro, anodaro, mibairo yakakurumidza. "Takave nemadoula akawanda achiuya, vakadzi vakawanda vachisununguka maererano nehurongwa hwavo uye nenzira yakawedzerwa simba, uye nhamba yedu ye-c-section ichangotanga kuderera."
Huwandu hwezvikamu zvec-akaitwa hwakakosha nekuti, sekuyambira kwaCooper, "US ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakasimukira dzine huwandu hwekufa kwemadzimai panguva yekusununguka, uye chikamu cheiyo imhaka yekukwira kwedu c-chikamu."
WHO inokurudzira kuti c-sections iitwe chete kana zvichidiwa nemishonga, uye inotaura kuti mwero wakakodzera we-c-zvikamu uri pakati pe10% ne15%. Nhamba idzi zvakanyanya muUS, uye kunyanya muAlabama, umo muna 2018 inenge 35% yekuberekwa kwakaitika nenzira iyi.
Mumwedzi mitanhatu chete, chikamu chec-section chevanaamai vekutanga pachipatara cheCooper chakabva pa25% kusvika pa11%, uye huwandu hwevose vanozvarwa kubva pa33% kusvika pa20%. Kuderedza mitengo iyi kwaisava chinangwa chake, zvisinei, uye anoitsanangura semhedzisiro yemaitiro ake, achitsigira kuita sarudzo dzevakadzi.
Chipatara chake chinopa elective c-sections, uye vanopawo vakadzi sarudzo yekumirira uye vasarudze zvavanoda padhuze nezuva ravo. Anofunga kuti izvi zvakakonzera zvakanyanya, sezvo varwere vasiri mukutambudzika nekukurumidza vanowanzokumbira kumirira, "uye paunomirira, unowana kuberekwa kwakawanda kwemukadzi".
WHO inoyambirawo kuti C-chikamu chine chekuita "njodzi dzakakura muvakadzi vane ruzivo rushoma rwekurapwa kwakadzama." Kunyangwe pamberi peCCIDID-19, vakadzi vazhinji muUS vakatarisana nenjodzi idzi dzakawedzera.
Ongororo ye2018 yakataura kuti US ndiyo "nzvimbo ine ngozi zvikuru yekuberekera munyika yakabudirira", nevakadzi 50,000 pagore vakakuvadzwa zvakaipisisa panguva kana mushure mekusununguka, uye 700 vakafa.
Huwandu hwekufa kwemadzimai nevacheche hwakakwira muAlabama kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo zhinji dzenyika, uye Cooper anoti "kusiyana uku kunotonyanya kutaurwa kana ukazvityora zvinoenderana nerudzi."
“Pandakatanga kuedza kuchinja maitiro angu uye kubatanidza nzira yehunyamukuta,” anotsanangura kudaro, “ndakanga ndichizviita zvakanyanya kutsigira kuyamwisa uyewo kutsigira kodzero dzevakadzi, nokuti zvakanga zvakakosha kwandiri kuti vakadzi vaite zvisarudzo zvavo pachavo. pamusoro pokuti vakabereka sei.”
"Handidi kupa zvandinofunga kuti muenzaniso wakanaka wekutarisira kune avo chete vanokwanisa."
Wese munhu anozvara, Cooper anosimbirira, anofanirwa kuwana kurapwa kumwe chete, uye zvinomurwadza kuti maitiro ake haasi kuwanikwa zvakanyanya. Dambudziko reCCIDID-19 rakangowedzera kusaenzana mukuwana kwevaAmerica kuwana hutano, anowedzera, achipa muenzaniso wekuberekerwa kumba.
Vananyamukuta vekuberekerwa mudzimba vakangonyoreswa zviri pamutemo gore rapfuura uye hakuna vakawanda vavo muAlabama. Ivo zvakare havagoneki, Cooper anodaro, kune "vakadzi vazhinji vari kutya kuuya kuchipatara" panguva yedenda. Anoti vanoita $3,000-$5,000 pakutumira uye vanofanira kubhadharwa nemari.
Sezvo zvipatara zvakatenderedza US zvave hotspots yekupararira kwekoronavirus, vakadzi vanoda nzvimbo dzakachengetedzeka dzekuzvara, chiremba anodaro, uye nhumbu dzine njodzi dzakaderera dzisingade kupindira kwakakosha kana mishonga inogona kurapwa nevanamukoti nanyamukuta kunze kwechipatara. maternity ward.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero akatanga chirongwa chake chekushandura kiriniki yake, mhiri kwemugwagwa kubva kuchipatara kwaanoshanda, kuita 'chikamu chekubatsira vanosununguka'. Chinangwa chake ndechekuita kuti kuzvara kuve kwakachengeteka uye kuchikwanisika - panguva uye mushure meCOVID-19.
Kuti aite izvi, anoda rutsigiro rweMedicaid, chirongwa cheinishuwarenzi yehutano chinotsigirwa nehurumende icho vanopfuura mamirioni makumi manomwe vekuAmerica vanotambira mari shoma. Muna 70, yakafukidza 50% yevakaberekwa muAlabama. "Zvakakosha kwandiri kuti tiwane kudzoserwa kweMedicaid," Cooper anodaro, "kuti ndirege kupa zvandinofunga kuti muenzaniso wakanaka wekutarisira kune avo vanokwanisa."
Kana Medicaid ikamuramba, chiremba ane chirongwa B – chiri kutendeukira kunharaunda yavo 'yekodzero dzekuzvara' kuti vawane rubatsiro rwemari kuvakadzi vane zvikwanisiro zvishoma. Kunyangwe ichiri diki, anoti nharaunda iyi iri kukura uye "tinogona kudzokera kune mumwe nemumwe patinenge tichiedza kuita shanduko idzi."
Kupfuura denda, Cooper anotenda kuti "nzvimbo dzekuberekerwa", kunze kwenzvimbo yechipatara, "chikamu chakakosha chemhinduro yematambudziko atinoona muAlabama. Asi neCOVID uye nemamiriro ezvinhu muchipatara, zvakawedzera kukurumidza. Tinofanira kurega kumirira pane izvi. Ngatiite izvozvi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta