Bhuku idzva raMark Mackinnon rinotanga nengano yezvivakwa zviviri zvikuru zvakaputiswa nemagandanga. Mutungamiriri, kusvika panguva iyoyo mutungamiri asingashamisi ane hukama hwakadzama nesangano rehungwaru renyika, anobata njodzi nekutanga hondo yekurwisa magandanga. Pakarepo mukurumbira nekuda kwekurova kwake kwakasimba, mutungamiri wenyika anotumira mauto kune imwe nyika diki yechiMuslim yaive yakagarwa, ndokuzosiiwa nemafambisirwo apfuura. Anoshandisa kukurumidza kwehondo sechikonzero chekubatanidza simba, achitumidza ma lackeys ake kunzvimbo dzakakosha. "Maoligarchs" enyika, Mackinnon anonyora, akaenderera mberi nekugadzira hurongwa hwe "inotungamirirwa nedemocracy," apo kunyengera kwesarudzo uye chido chakakurumbira chekugadzikana kunovhara chokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvinokosha zvinoitwa nenzira isina demokrasi uye simba rinoramba riripo. yakanyura mumaoko evashoma.

Mackinnon, iye zvino ari mukuru weMiddle East bureau we Globe uye Mail, ari kutaura nezve Russia, uye mutungamiri wayo, aimbova mumiriri weKGB Vladimir Putin–kunyangwe Mackinnon akacherechedza kufanana neimwe nyika, haadaro. Nyika yechiMuslim iChechnya uye kurwiswa kwemagandanga kwakanangana nezvivakwa zviviri zvemafurati mutaundi reRyazan, 200km kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweMoscow. Mibvunzo yakamutswa pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kweKGB.

Bhuku raMackinnon ndiro Hondo Itsva YeCold: Revolutions, Rigged Sarudzo uye Pipeline Politics mune Yaimbova Soviet Union.

Zvinenge zvisina kusarudzika, vatori venhau veCanada vanozviona zviri nyore kucheka PR spin uye nhema dzepamutemo pavanenge vachivhara hurumende dzekunze-kunyanya kana hurumende idzi dzichionekwa sevakwikwidzi veCanada kana shamwari yayo yepedyo, US. Asi kana nyaya yacho yave pedyo nekumba, pfungwa yavo yekutsoropodza inongoerekana yapera.

Mackinnon anotambura nedambudziko iri rinowanzoitika zvishoma pane vatori venhau vazhinji. Mumwe anowana pfungwa yekuti isarudzo yekuziva, asi ichiri yekuyedza.

Mumakore manomwe apfuura, Dhipatimendi reHurumende reUS, Soros Foundation nemamwe masangano akati wandei vakaronga “mabhindauko edemocracy” kumabvazuva kweEurope uye neyaimbova Soviet Union. Uye, mukati mamakore iwayo, “chimurenga” chimwe nechimwe, chingave chakaedza kana kuti chakabudirira, chave chichiratidzirwa nevatapi venhau sokumukira kunongoerekana kwaitika kwevagari vanoda rusununguko vachiwana kurudziro netsigiro yetsika kubva kuhama nehanzvadzi dzavo dzokuMadokero.

Humbowo hwekuti rutsigiro urwu rwaisanganisira mazana emamiriyoni emadhora, kupindirana nesarudzo dzevanoda kukwikwidza uye shanduko kumitemo yekunze nekunze kwave kuwanikwa kwakawanda. Uye zvakadaro, kwemakore manomwe apfuura, ruzivo urwu rwakada kudzvinyirirwa zvachose.

Zvichida humbowo hwakajeka hwekudzvinyirirwa hwakauya apo Associated Press (AP) yakaburitsa nyaya musi wa11 Zvita 2004-pakukwirira kwe "Orange Revolution"-ichicherekedza kuti Bush Administration yakanga yapa $65 miriyoni kumapoka ezvematongerwo enyika muUkraine, zvakadaro. hapana chakaenda “zvakananga” kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika. Zvaka“itwa,” mushumo wacho wakadaro, kuburikidza nemamwe mapoka. Mazhinji midhiya muCanada-kunyanya iyo Globe uye Mail uye CBC-inovimba neAP, asi hapana akamhanyisa nyaya. Nezuva rimwe chetero, CBC.ca yakaburitsa dzimwe nyaya ina kubva kuAP pamusoro pemhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yeUkraine, asi haina kuona zvakakodzera kuti ibatanidze iyo yakaongorora neshungu mari yeUS.

Saizvozvo, mabhuku aWilliam Robinson, Eva Golinger nevamwe akafumura mari yeUS yemapato ezvematongerwo enyika kunze kwenyika, asi haana kukurukurwa nezvayo nevezvenhau vemakambani.

Basa reCanada harina kutaurwa kusvika makore maviri nehafu gare gare, apo-zvichienderana nekuburitswa kwe Hondo Itsva Yemashoko–The Globe uye Mail pakupedzisira akaona zvakakodzera kuburitsa account, yakanyorwa naMackinnon. Mumiriri weCanada, Mackinnon akashuma, "akashandisa hafu yemiriyoni yemadhora kusimudzira 'sarudzo dzakachena' munyika isingagoverane muganhu neCanada uye isingaite zvekutengesa." Mari yekuCanada yevaongorori vesarudzo yakanga yambotaurwa, asi chokwadi chekuti mari iyi yanga ichingova chikamu chekuyedza kukanganisa sarudzo.

Nezvikonzero zvinoramba zvisina kujeka, vapepeti ve gurobhu yakasarudza, pashure pamakore manomwe okunyarara, kubvumira Mackinnon kuudza veruzhinji pamusoro peizvo mari yokuMadokero yave iri kuita muyaichimbova Soviet Union. Zvichida vakapesvedzerwa nechisarudzo chaMackinnon chekunyora bhuku pamusoro pehurukuro; pamwe painge pasarudzwa kuti katsi iyi ibude mubhegi.

Iyo account inonakidza. Mackinnon anotanga kuSerbia muna 2000, uko Madokero, mushure mekupa mari mapoka anopikisa uye "vezvenhau vakazvimiririra" izvo zvaipa nguva dzose nhepfenyuro yekutsoropodza hurumende - pamwe nekudonhedza zviuru makumi maviri ematani emabhomba munyika - pakupedzisira vakabudirira kudonhedza vekupedzisira. kusindimara kwekupokana neoliberalism muEurope.

Mackinnon anotsanangura zvakadzama kuti mari yekuMadokero - kuedza kwakatungamirwa nebhirionari George Soros - yakayerera ichienda kunzvimbo ina dzemisimboti: Otpor (Serbian ye 'resistance'), bato rinorema revechidiki rakashandisa grafitti, theatre yemumugwagwa uye kuratidzira kusina mhirizhonga kuchiteshi. mafungiro asina kunaka ezvematongerwo enyika achipikisa hurumende yeMilosevic; CeSID, boka revaongorori vesarudzo vaivepo kuti “vabate Milosevic ari muchiitiko kana akazoedza zvakare kushandura zvakabuda musarudzo”; B92, nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yakapa humbowo hwakatsiga hwenhau dzinopesana nehurumende uye edgy rock stylings yeNirvana uye Clash; uye maNGO akasarudzika akapihwa mari yekusimudza "nyaya"-inodaidzwa naMackinnon "matambudziko nesimba-ndizvo-zvinotsanangurwa nemapoka'vatsigiri vekuMadokero." Mumiriri weCanada muBelgrade, anoti, yaive nzvimbo yemisangano yakawanda yevanopa.

Pakupedzisira, mapato anopikisa akanga akasiyana aifanira kubatana. Izvi zvakafambiswa neaimbova Secretary of State weUS, Madeline Albright uye Gurukota rinowona nezvekunze kweGerman, Joschka Fischer, vakaudza vatungamiriri vanopikisa kuti vasamhanye, asi kuti vabatane "mubatanidzwa wedemokrasi" negweta risingazivikanwe Vojislav Kostunica seiye ega anopikisa musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika. . Vatungamiri vanopikisa vanopihwa mari yekuMadokero, vasina zvakawanda zvekutaura panyaya iyi, vakabvuma.

Zvakashanda. Kostunica akakunda vhoti, vatariri vesarudzo vakakurumidza kuzivisa shanduro yavo yezvabuda, izvo zvakatepfenyurwa kuburikidza neB92 nedzimwe nhepfenyuro dzinotsigirwa neWestern, uye makumi ezviuru akadirana mumigwagwa achipikisa kuedza kwaMilosevic kubira mavhoti mukuratidzira pseudo-anarchist boka Otpor. Milosevic, arasikirwa ne "mbiru dzerutsigiro" mumatare, mapurisa nehutungamiriri, akasiya basa nguva pfupi yapfuura. "Mwedzi minomwe gare gare," Mackinnon anonyora, "Slobodan Milosevic achange ari muHague."

"Chimurenga" cheSerbia chakava muenzaniso: mari "yakasununguka media," maNGOs nevacherechedzi vesarudzo; manikidza vanopikisa kuti vabatane pamunhu mumwe chete akasarudzwa; uye mari uye kudzidzisa boka rinopfapfaidza-pendi, rinoda rusununguko revadzidzi vakatsamwa vakabatana pasina chirongwa kunze kwekupikisa hurumende. Iyo modhi yakashandiswa zvinobudirira muGeorgia ("Rose Revolution"), Ukraine ("iyo Orange Revolution") uye haina kubudirira muBelarus, uko denim yaive chiratidzo chaidiwa. Hondo Itsva Yemashoko ine zvitsauko zvechimwe nechimwe cheizvi, uye Mackinnon inoongorora zvakadzama muhurongwa hwemari uye mibatanidzwa yezvematongerwo enyika yakavakwa nerutsigiro rweWestern.

Mackinnon anoita kunge ane manyepo mashoma pamusoro pekushandiswa kwesimba kweUS. Mhedziso yake yese ndeyekuti, mune yaimbova Soviet Union, US yakashandisa "democratic revolutions" kufambisira mberi zvido zvayo zvezvematongerwo enyika; kutonga kwemafuta ekupa uye mapaipi, uye kuparadzaniswa kweRussia, mukwikwidzi wayo mukuru mudunhu. Anocherekedza kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda-Azerbaijan neTurkmenistan, semuenzaniso-hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzinowana rutsigiro rwemoyo rweUS, nepo hurumende dzakabatana neRussia chete ndidzo dzinosarudzwa pakurapwa kwedemocracy.

Uye nepo Mackinnon angave ane ruremekedzo kuti azvitaure, nhoroondo yake inopesana zvakanyanya nekuzivisa kunogara kuchiongororwa nevapepeti vake uye kunyorwa nevamwe vake. Milosevic, semuenzaniso, haasi "Butcher weBalkan" weWestern media lore. Serbia "yaisava hudzvinyiriri hwaiwanzoratidzwa munhau dzekuMadokero," Mackinnon anonyora kudaro. "Kutaura zvazviri, yakanga yakafanana neshanduro yekutanga ye" inotungamirwa demokrasi" [yePutin's Russia]." Anotaura pachena pamusoro pemigumisiro yekubhomba uye zvirango paSerbia, izvo zvaiparadza.

Asi nedzimwe nzira, Mackinnon anomedza propaganda yese. Anodzokorora mutsara weNATO paKosovo, semuenzaniso, achiregeredza kucherechedza kuti US nevamwe vaipa mari mauto anotengesa zvinodhaka seKosovo Liberation Army, nyaya yekurasisa, mishumo yerumbidzo nevamwe vaMackinnon munenge muna 2000.

Zvakanyanya kukosha, Mackinnon anofuratira basa repakati revaMadokero mukukanganisa Yugoslavia mushure mekunge hurumende yaro yakaramba kuenderera mberi nekuitwa kwekuchinja kweIMF uko kwanga kwave kukonzera kusuwa. Mackinnon anoona uye anokurukura nezve chiitiko chekudzikisira-ne-privatization munyika zhinji dzaanofukidza, asi anoita seasingakwanise kuzvitsvaga achidzokera kune kwazvakajairwa, kana kuzviona semusimboti weUS neEuropean mutemo wekunze.

Aimbove mumiriri wePolitburo yeRussia Alexander Yakovlev anoudza Mackinnon kuti vezvematongerwo enyika veRussia "vakasimudzira shanduko yehupfumi zvakanyanya, nekukurumidza" vachigadzira "hupfumi hwenyika uye nyika iyo vagari vakasvika pakuenzanisa mazwi 'akasununguka' uye 'democracy' nehuwori, urombo uye kusabatsira. .”

Mune imwe yenguva dzinoshamisa zvikuru mubhuku, Yakovlev ane makore 82 okuberekwa anotora mutoro, achiti: “Tinofanira kureurura kuti zviri kuitika iye zvino haisi mhosva yeavo vari kuzviita… Ndisu tine mhosva. Takaita zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvikuru.”

Munyika yeMackinnon, kukurumidza kuputsa uye kushambadzira kwehupfumi hwehurumende - uko kwakasiya mamirioni ari muhurombo nekupererwa - tsananguro yerudo rwevanhu vekuRussia neBelarussia nevatungamiriri vane simba vanodzora rusununguko, kushora kupikiswa, kutonga vezvenhau uye. kuchengetedza kugadzikana, kugadzikana. Asi neimwe nzira, pfungwa yekuseri kwekuparadzwa kweIMF haiite muongororo yaMackinnon yekukurudzira kuseri kwe "New Cold War."

Mackinnon anocherekedza izvo chaizvo zvinofarirwa neUS: oiri uye kurwira kwevaAmerican kusimba redunhu neRussia. Asi chinonzvenga nhoroondo yake kusashivirira kwakawanda kwehurumende dzinotsigira rusununguko uye kuchengetedza kugona kutungamira budiriro yehupfumi hwadzo.

Simba uye pombi zvematongerwo enyika itsananguro inonzwisisika yekufarira kweUS kumaodzanyemba kwaimbove Soviet republic. Anogona kunge akawedzera kuti US yakashandisa Georgia senzvimbo yekutamba panguva yehondo yeIraq. Kana zvasvika kuSerbia, Mackinnon anomanikidzwa kuvimba neakaundi isingagoneki yeNATO ichiita basa rehunhu kudzivirira kuponda. Chirevo chacho hachichanzwisisi, chinopiwa humbowo huripo, asi chinoramba chiripo munhau dzekuMadokero.

Mackinnon anotaura nezveHaiti, Cuba neVenezuela mukupfuura. Munzvimbo dzose idzi, kuedza kupidigura hurumende kwave kuchiitwa. MuVenezuela, kupidigura hurumende kwaitsigirwa neUnited States kwakakurumidza kupidigurwa. MuHaiti, mhirizhonga yakatungamirwa neCanada neUS yakakonzera njodzi yekodzero dzevanhu ichiri kuenderera mberi uye sarudzo dzichangobva kuitika dzakasimbisa kuti bato rakabviswa rakaramba richizivikanwa kupfuura sarudzo yakapihwa nevakuru vehupfumi. MuCuba, kuedza kupidigura hurumende kwakakundikana kwehafu yezana remakore.

Kutsanangura izvi zvekuwedzera, kuedza kwechisimba kwe "shanduko yehurumende," hazvina kukwana kutaura zvido chaizvo. Venezuela ine mafuta akawanda, asi zviwanikwa zveCuba hazviiti kuti ive chinhu chikuru chehurongwa, uye, nechiyero ichi, Haiti kunyange zvishoma. Kuti utsanangure kuti sei hurumende yeAmerica yakapa mamiriyoni emadhora kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika, maNGOs nemapoka anopikisa munyika idzi zvinoda kunzwisisa pfungwa dzeneoliberal nemabviro ayo muCold War uye mberi.

Izvi zvingava pachena kana Mackinnon akawedzera imwe nhoroondo yaidiwa zvakanyanya kunhoroondo yake yemazuva ano nzira dzekuchinja hurumende. Mubhuku rake Kuuraya Tariro, William Blum anonyora pamusoro pemakumi mashanu ekupindira kweUS muhurumende dzekunze kubva 50. Nhoroondo yakaratidza izvi sezvinopesana nedemocracy zvakanyanya, kana zvisiri njodzi chaiyo. Kunyange kuchinja kwehurumende kuduku-duku kwehurumende munyika duku kwakakurirwa nedenho dzemauto.

Kana hutongi hwejekerere hunosanganisira kuzvisarudzira - uye nekugona kufungidzira kugona kuramba zvinotemerwa ne "Washington Consensus" kana IMF - saka chero ongororo yekusimudzirwa kwedemocracy sechombo chemutemo wekunze weUS inofanirwa kuenderana nenhoroondo iyi. Nhoroondo yaMackinnon haina uye inoramba yakatsiga yakatsiga.

Chitsauko chekupedzisira che Hondo Itsva Yemashoko, ine musoro unoti "Afterglow," yakatsaurirwa kuongorora migumisiro yekupedzisira yekusimudzira demokrasi mune yaichimbova Soviet republic. Icho chitsauko chisina kusimba chaMackinnon. Mackinnon anogumira pakubvunza kana zvinhu zviri nani izvozvi kupfuura kare. Mafuremu emubvunzo anodzikisira tarisiro uye anokanganisa zvakanyanya fungidziro yedemocracy.

Kana munhu akasendeka pfungwa idzi parutivi, zvinokwanisika kuti kuda kuziva kuve nani muverengi. Zvinobvira here kuti zvinhu zvakanaka zvinogona kuuya kunyange kubva mukukurudzira kwokushora? Vanyori verusununguko vakaita saMichael Ignatieff naChristopher Hitchens vakaita nharo dzakafanana mukutsigira hondo yeIraq uye Mackinnon anonyengerera nepfungwa iyi apo anoshamisika kana vechidiki vechidiki muSerbia neUkraine vaishandisa US, kana kuti US iri kuvashandisa.

Saka, zvinhu zvakava nani here? Ruzivo rwunopihwa naMackinnon mumhinduro yake haruna kujeka.

MuSerbia, anoti, upenyu huri nani zvikuru. Chimurenga ichi hachina kuunza mabhenefiti akawandisa kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaSerbs, mutyairi wekombi anoudza Mackinnon. Zvisinei, anonyora kuti, “Nguva yokushomeka kwepeturu neyevarume vechiduku vaiendeswa kunorwira ‘Serbia Yakakura’ yakanga yapera kare uye kuseka kwepakati peusiku nemimhanzi zvaibuda mumaresitorendi akazara eBelgrade zvairatidza tariro yakanga isati yamboitika. pasi pehurumende yekare.”

Mune izvi nezvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda, Mackinnon anotenga mutsara wakapararira wepropaganda pasina kutarisa chokwadi. Achitsauka kubva pane zvine hungwaru zvaanounza kukutaura kwake kweiyo ins uye kunze kwekusimudzira demokrasi, Mackinnon anoita seanotenda kuti chaive chirongwa chedhiabhori naMilosevic-uye kwete zvirango zvehupfumi kana kubhomba uye kuparadzwa kwakazotevera kwehuwandu hwemaindasitiri ehurumende yeSerbia. zvivakwa-zvakakonzera kushomeka kwepeturu. Mackinnon anorayira maSerbs kuti vatarise basa ravo muhondo, vachirega mushandirapamwe weNATO webhomba, wakasiya matani euranium yakapera, yakazadza Danube nemazana ematani emakemikari ane muchetura, uye yakapisa 80,000 matani emafuta asina kuchena (saka kushomeka kwepeturu) , kubva pachiredzo.

MuGeorgia, Mackinnon zvakare anovimba nehupenyu hwehusiku muguta guru sechiratidzo chekugara zvakanaka kwenyika. "Guta rakazara nepfungwa yekuti zvinhu zvave kutanga kufamba nenzira kwayo ... Zviitiko zvekuzorora zvevakuru vehupfumi ndizvo chete; kune nzira dzakawanda dzekutonga kugara zvakanaka kwenyika, asi kuvimba nezvinoonekwa uye manzwi evagari veguta vane zvitsitsinho zvakanaka vachinakidzwa nekusabatanidzwa kwemamwe maitiro kwakasiyana.

Mackinnon anotaura achipfuura kuti hutongi hunotsigirwa neWestern Saakashvili hwakakonzera "kuderera kwekusununguka kwenhau," asi "kwakawedzera hupfumi."

MuUkraine, "mapepanhau nenhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni vaigona uye vakatsoropodza kana kuridza wavanoda," asi Yuschenko anotsigirwa neWestern-backed free market aita nhevedzano yekukanganisa uye mafambiro asingafarirwe, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwebato rake makore mashoma mushure mesarudzo. “chimurenga” chakavapinza pachigaro.

Sezvineiwo, masosi aMackinnon- kunze kweasinganzwisisike mutyairi wekombi- anoita kunge ane vanhu vanowana mari kubva kuMadokero. Vatsoropodzi vakazvimirira, kunze kwekuchembera uye vakadzingwa vaimbova vezvematongerwo enyika, havapo mukutaura kwake.

Zvakadaro, mubvunzo: Madokero akaita zvakanaka here? Mumapeji ekupedzisira, Mackinnon ane equivocal uye haana kufungidzira.

Dzimwe nyika "dzakasununguka uye nekudaro zviri nani," asi mari yekuMadokero yakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti hurumende dzehudzvanyiriri dziparadze mauto anoda demokrasi. MuKazakhstan, Turkmenistan neAzerbaijan, anotsoropodza kushayikwa kwemari yekusimudzira demokrasi, achisiya maNGO emunharaunda nemapoka anopikisa akarembera. Anotaura kusaenderana uku kune hurongwa uko zvinodiwa zveAmerica zvinopihwa zviri nani nehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri. Mune zvimwe zvikamu zvechitsauko, anoona kukwidziridzwa kwedemocracy yose kune dambudziko.

Pane imwe nguva, anoti "rubatsiro urwo [masangano eUS] akapa kumapato ezvematongerwo enyika munyika dzakaita seUkraine angadai asiri pamutemo dai NGO yeUkraine yanga ichipa rubatsiro rwakadaro kumaDemocrats kana maRepublicans." Mumwe anofungidzirawo kuti vanhu vekuCanada havangafadzwi kana Venezuela, semuenzaniso, yakapa mamirioni emadhora kuNDP. Chokwadi, tarisiro yacho inoita seyakapusa sezvazvisingaite… uye zvisiri pamutemo.

Ruzivo rwaMackinnon runoratidza, kunyangwe asingazvitaure, kuti kubatanidza pfungwa ye "democracy" uye rusununguko rwevarindiri nemari yekuMadokero uye kupindira kunotungamirwa neUS mukutonga kwenyika kungangokanganisa kuedza kuri pamutemo kwedemocratization. Somuenzaniso, vanopikisa muRussia vanoudza Mackinnon kuti pavanoungana kuti varatidzire, vanhu vanowanzovatarisa vachivashora vobvunza kuti ndiani ari kuvabhadhara kuti vamire mumugwagwa. Mune imwe nyaya, Mackinnon anonongedza kuti mushumo kubva kuhurumende yehudzvanyiriri inotaura kuti vanopokana vari pawn dzekuMadokero yakafa.

Kuongorora kwaMackinnon hakuteveri humbowo uhwu kusvika pamhedzisiro yayo; haatsauke kubva pakuona kuti kurongeka neUS kana Russia ndiyo chete sarudzo dzenyika dziri mudunhu.

Nepo kurongeka nehumwe humambo kana humwe hungaite sehusingadzivisiki, Mackinnon yakasarudzika yeRussia-kana-US manicheanism inobvisa dzimwe nzira dzekusimudzira demokrasi. Mackinnon anofuratira, semuenzaniso, tsika yemakumi emakore yekubatana nemasimba edemokrasi munyika - kunyanya muLatin America - uko vadzvanyiriri vaigara vachitsigirwa nemari uye vakapakata zvombo nehurumende yeUS. Mafambiro akadai aiwanzo kumisa kudzvanyirirwa kwakanyanyisa pane kutsigira shanduko yedemokrasi, asi kushaikwa kwesimba uku kunogona kukonzerwa, pamwe muchidimbu, nekushaikwa kwekuburitswa kwenhau kubva kune vatori venhau vakanyanya saMackinnon.

Kana munhu ane hanya nekuita sarudzo kwedemocracy, saka chokwadi munhu ane hanya nekugona kwenyika kuita sarudzo dzakazvimirira pakupindira kwemasimba ekunze. Mackinnon haatauriwo kuti rusununguko rwakadaro rungaunzwa sei. Mumwe anogona kufungidzira kuti zvaizosanganisira kudzivirira kupindira kwambotaurwa.

Hondo Itsva Yemashoko inocherechedzwa nenhoroondo yayo yakakwana yekushanda kwemukati kwekusimudzira demokrasi uye maonero eavo vanowana mari. Avo vari kutsvaga ongororo inounza iyo yakakwana accounting kune yayo chaiyo zvinangwa nemhedzisiro, zvisinei, vanozofanira kutarisa kumwe kunhu.

---