Christian Parenti munyori wemagazini yeThe Nation uye akanyora kana kuti mabhuku akati wandei anosanganisira The Rusununguko: Mimvuri uye Hallucinations muOccupied Iraq, ichangobva kuwanikwa mumapepa.
Bhuku rake ra1999, Lockdown America: Mapurisa nemaPrisons muZera reDambudziko, raive gwaro rinoparura pamusoro pekukwira kwejeri nehurongwa hwemapurisa muUnited States. Ndakataura naParenti muOssining, New York muna Nyamavhuvhu nezvenhoroondo yemajeri, mapurisa uye kuti chirongwa cheutongi hwemhosva chachinja sei kubva pakatanga kuburitswa bhuku rake.
Bob Libal: Pave nemakore anopfuura mashanu kubvira pakadhindwa Lockdown America. Kudai waizonyora sumo itsva kwairi, ungabatanidza chimwe chinhu chitsva here?
Christian Parenti: Mumwe aifanira kubata nehondo yehugandanga nekuti izvo zvachinja chirongwa chekutonga mhosva munzira dzakawanda. Haina kuishandura zvachose, asi yakanyatsoisimbisa.
Mushure mekunge Lockdown yabuda muna 1999, zvakamboita senge chinguvana kuti mitengo yehusungwa yave kutanga kukwira. Pakanga paine chokwadi chepamusoro, chevakuru kufunga patsva pamusoro pekupunzika. Izvi zvakaratidzwa nevatori venhau muNew York Times uye nemakuru makuru emanetiweki akaita nhevedzano pamamiriro ezvinhu akashata mumajeri uye kuvharirwa zvakanyanya - zvinyorwa zvakanaka chaizvo.
Uye kwakauya September 11. Kubva munaSeptember 11, kwave kune iyi hurukuro itsva yose yekuchengeteka kwenyika uye iyo yakasimbisazve chirongwa chekutonga kwemhosva uye yakatumidza zvakare chirongwa chekudzvinyirirwa kwemumba. Kunyangwe hazvo vanhu vazhinji vasina kusungwa nemhosva dzine chekuita nehugandanga, hondo yehugandanga yakavhara iyo kusimudzira kushoropodza chirongwa chese chehudzvanyiriri.
Kuti tidzoke shure kwekanguva, tiri muno muOssining, New York, guta rekumusha rejeri reSing Sing. Sing Sing nderimwe remajeri ekare uye ane mukurumbira wakashata munyika. Zvimwe zvakakodzera kana tikataura nezvekuti majeri akazova sei chinhu chikuru muhupenyu hwevazhinji vekuAmerica?
Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana panguva dzakasiyana. Chinhu chakakosha chandakapokana muLockdown America, uye ndichiri kupokana nanhasi, ndechekuti mapurisa nemajeri muUnited States, pamwe chete nezvekuchengetedza veruzhinji, zvakare ndezvekugadzirisa kupokana kweboka revanhu vanoshandisa rudzi uye rusarura senge. tsananguro yayo huru yepfungwa pachayo.
Saka ndozvagara zvichiitwa nemajeri - aitonga vanhu vakadzvinyirirwa uye vasingabatanidzwe izvo capitalism inoburitsa nega kuburikidza nedambudziko uye inogadzira zvisirizvo kuburikidza nemitemo inoita kuti vanhu varombo.
Chii chaive chinhu chakashanduka muma1960 nema1970 chinotungamira kuputika mukusungwa?
Zvakaitika mu60s uye 70s ndiko kupandukira kwezvematongerwo enyika - sangano rekodzero dzevanhu, sangano remasimba evatema, mhirizhonga, sangano rekurwisana nehondo. Uye wobva wasiyana zvakanyanya dambudziko rehupfumi rinotanga kubata mukutanga 1970sโฆ
Ma1970 aive makore gumi ekusagadzikana kwekirasi pakati peboka revashandi neboka rinotonga muU.S. Uye mwero wevasungwa hausi kukwira zvakanyanya muma1970. Chiito chekutanga mujeri guru repashure pe-60s nekuvaka kwemapurisa - nekuti Lockdown America uye thesis yese yebhuku iro haisi nyaya yemajeri chete, ndeye chirongwa chehudzvanyiriri - saka chinhu chekutanga chaunacho pakupindura mhirizhonga. muna 1968 iro raive gore rakashata remhirizhonga, unowana iri hombe bhiri rekuparwa kwemhosva rinogadzira Law Enforcement Assistance Administration inova iyi hofori yemubatanidzwa iyo inotanga kuendesa mari inofananidzwa kumatunhu.
Nyika dzinoda kuisa mari yakawanda mukudzvinyirirwa pachadzo dzichawana mari yemubatanidzwa. Izvi zvinotungamira kune rese retooling uye ideological kukwidziridzwa kweAmerican mapurisa chirongwa.
Kusagadzikana uku kwakaputswa naReagan naCarter. Carter anogadza Paul Volcker. Volcker iri pasi peReagan inotumira hupfumi kuderera nekukwidza mitengo yemubereko kuFederal Reserve zvinoshamisa. Izvi zvinonzi mudungwe wekugezera unotonhora uye wakaitwa nemaune kudzikisa tarisiro yevashandi vekuAmerica kuitira kuti vashande nesimba zvishoma kuitira kuti simba ravo rezvematongerwo enyika rakarongeka uye risina kurongwa riparadzwe.
Uye nzira huru yokuita izvozvo yakanga iri urombo nokushaikwa kwemabasa. Saka, urombo uye kushaikwa kwemabasa kwakagadzirwa mukutanga 80s. Izvozvo zvakabatsira kuderedza mihoro; mibatanidzwa yakaputsika, tarisiro dzakaputsika, vanhu vakatanga kushanda nesimba kuti vawane mari shoma. Uye ipapo hupfumi hunogona kuwedzerwa nekushomeka kwekushandisa izvo ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa naRegan. Asi pane dambudziko iri rinogara riripo rekuti chii nevarombo vaive zvakare vakawandisa uye kazhinji vachiratidzira munzvimbo dzisiridzo panguva dzisiridzo - sekushaiwa pekugara mumaguta makuru. Ipapo iwe unowana reengagement nechirongwa chinodzvinyirira kuburikidza nehurukuro yehondo yezvinodhaka.
Hondo yezvinodhaka yaivewo chikamu muchikamu chekutanga kukoromoka kwema60s, saka iwe unowana kubatanidzwazve uku nehondo yezvinodhaka muma1980s naRegan uye wobva wawana imwe nhevedzano yemabhiri ematsotsi emubatanidzwa uye mune izvi zvese kunyangwe mutemo wakawanda. Kutevedzwa kwemutemo kunoitwa padanho rehurumende, mhirizhonga yakagadzwa kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa nehurumende yemubatanidzwa kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvemubatanidzwa zvinopa mubairo nyika dzinoshandisa mari nekushandura mitemo kuitira kuti hudzvanyiriri nekuranga nyika dzisina kufambirana nazvo. nekusavapa mari.
Saka, ndicho chikamu chechipiri chacho. Uye ikozvino tine chizvarwa chechitatu ichi chiri chaicho hondo yehugandanga zvinoreva kuti pane nguva dzose mari yakawanda yekudzvinyirira uye mapurogiramu ekare ekutonga vanhu vasina mabasa uye vanozviratidza munzvimbo dzisina kunaka panguva isiri iyo, kutonga. vabvakure. Zvese izvo zvinhu zvinosimbiswazve nehurukuro uye mari yehondo yehugandanga.
Pane gakava rinonakidza rekuti majeri akanaka here mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Humbowo huzhinji huchangoburwa hunoratidza kuti majeri akashata mukukura kwehupfumi hwenyika - anonotsa kukura kwemabasa kwenguva refu munharaunda dzekumaruwa kunyanya. Iyi igakava rinogona kushandiswa kuderedza kukura kweindasitiri iyi here?
MuLockdown America, ndakatora nharo neshanduro yePrison Industrial Complex nharo yaiti majeri angori kuda kugadzira mabasa. Ndikati, aiwa, izvi ndezvekuchengetedza kupokana kwecapitalism. Kupokana kwevanhu munharaunda ndeyekuti capitalism inoda hurombo uye inogadzira urombo zvakajairika uye kuburikidza nehurongwa, asi inogara ichityisidzirwa nehurombo nekuti varombo vanoronga. Uye, kunyange kana vasina kuronga vanogona kupandukira mumafashoni asina kurongeka. Ivo vanodzikisira kuve kwechokwadi kwehurongwa uye kugumbura manzwiro ekirasi ine mari. Saka, dzinofanirwa kutungamirirwa.
Uye ndicho chinhu chekutanga icho chirongwa chese chinodzvinyirira chiri uye chaive pamusoro. Ikozvino kusvika padanho rekuti inogona zvakare kukurudzira kukura kwehupfumi kumwe kunhu, zvakanaka izvo zvakanaka kune zvese zvinofarirwa zvinoita purofiti kubva pane izvo.
Icho chinova kutenda, kungave kuri kwechokwadi kana kuti kwete, kweanosimudzira emunharaunda uye mazinga emataundi nematunhu. Nekuti zvese zvavanongonzwa zvichidzika kubva kuvaprisita vakuru vehurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuWashington, D.C. kusvika kumapepa eko anoshanda.
Chii chaunoona setariro yekudzosera kumashure chirongwa chekudzvinyirira mune ramangwana?
Ndichine tariro imwechete yandaive nayo kare, yekuti hondo yezvinodhaka yakawedzera uye yakakwevera muvanhu vazhinji zvekuti ruzivo rwunotanga kudarika pfungwa. Saka vanhu vazhinji vane ruzivo rwechokwadi rwakakwana nehutongi hwemhosva kuti varege kuwira mukutya-kutyisa kwevezvenhau uye pfungwa uye hurukuro inobuda munhau.
Uye, kubva muchiitiko ichocho, itsva counter-hurukuro inogona kugadzirwa. Zvaiitika (9/11 isati yasvika), zvichiri kuitika, uye ndinofunga kuti ndiyo nzira iyo chirongwa chese chinodzvanyirira chichabviswa, chakaderedzwa, uye chichidzoserwa kumashure. Asi isu tine chinhu chakashata ichi nehondo yehugandanga izvozvi iyo iri kupedza zvese. Asi kunyangwe iyo yakabatana nehondo muIraq uye ikozvino hondo muIraq iri kuwira mukuzvidzwa. Asi tine rwendo rurefu rwekufamba. Ndiyo template yetariro yangu.
Bob Libal mudzidzi / wechidiki murongi weGrassroots Hutungamiri Kwete NeMari Yedu! mushandirapamwe. Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa].
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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