ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta
Sarudzo yeUnited States nevadyidzani vayo vekuMadokero kupindira muchiuto kurwisa hutongi hweLibya yaMuammar Gaddafi inogona kunge yakadzivirira kupondwa kwevanhu, asi izere nenjodzi dzakakomba dzekuzopedzisira dzatouraya vanhu vakawanda. Uyezve, zvinogona kukanganisa masangano edemocracy anoshamisa uye asina mhirizhonga anga achitsvaira nyika yeArab mumwedzi ichangopfuura. Sezvichatsanangurwa pazasi, dai kumukirana kwakakurumbira kweLibya kwakachengeta kurangwa kwaro kusiri kwechisimba kwemazuva ekutanga, pangadai pasina kuparara kweropa uye dzimwe njodzi dziri kubuda mukukonana.
Izvo zvave zvichicherechedzwa nezvekubudirira kwemhirizhonga yevagari vemo vachipokana nehudzvanyiriri hweTunisia neEgypt, matambudziko akakura akakurumbira kune hudzvinyiriri hweYemeni neBahrain uye kuratidzira kudiki kwakatsvaira dunhu, ndeyekuti vaive veko uye vasina kusvibiswa nekupindira kwekunze. Pamusoro pezvo, mikana yebudiriro yebudiriro yehutongi hwezvido zvevanhu zvichitevera kudzingwa kwehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri yakakura zvikuru kana kupidigura kuchibuda mubato guru risina mhirizhonga, rinoda kugadzwa kwekubatana kwakawanda kwemasangano emasangano akazvimirira pamwe nekubatira pamwe nekubvumirana kuti izvi zviitike. . Izvi zvinosiyana nekupidigura kunobva mukurwisana kwechisimba - kunotungamirirwa nevakuru vepamusoro, vanotungamirirwa nehondo uye kutsvaga simba kuburikidza nechisimba chezvombo panzvimbo pekutora chikamu kwakakurumbira - izvo, kazhinji kupfuura kwete, zvakangokonzera hudzvanyiriri hutsva.
Kupa rutsigiro rwemauto kusangano risina kurongeka, rinopikisa pfuti zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakawanda vari kuurayiwa; hazviiti hazvo kuti pave nehondo yakadzikama yekurwa inokwanisa kukunda hurumende ine zvombo zvakakwana, ndoda kutanga hurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji hwakagadzikana. Pakapokana hukuru husina mhirizhonga hwakasunungura akati wandei emaguta akakosha eLibya muna Kukadzi, makomiti akakurumbira edemocracy akamiswa kuti ashande sehurumende dzenguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, Benghazi - guta rine vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni - yakagadzira hurumende yekanzuru inotungamirwa nekomiti yakagadziridzwa yekuronga yevatongi, magweta, vadzidzi, uye dzimwe nyanzvi. Sezvo kuramba kwaGaddafi kwakatanga kuita mhirizhonga, zvisinei, hutungamiriri hwesangano iri hunenge hwava kumiririrwa nevakuru vedare remakurukota nevakuru vemauto, avo vaive nemakore vachidyidzana nemudzvanyiriri, vakabuda mumavhiki mashoma apfuura uye vachitsigira demokrasi. zviri nani kukahadzika.
Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti nekuda kwekuti hutongi huripo hunogona kunge hwakaipa uye kuramba hutongi hwacho kwakarurama, hutsivi hwahwo hunogona kupedzisira hwanyanya kuipa, mukana wakakwidziridzwa kana simba rikabatwa nechisimba. Semuenzaniso, munhu anogona kuita nharo yekuti mujahidin achirwa nemaSoviet muAfghanistan muma1980 aivewo nechikonzero uye kuti vagari venyika iyoyo vaifanirawo kudzivirirwa kubva mukutyisidzirwa kwemhosva dzakakomba dzehondo. Nekudaro, 80 muzana yemabhiriyoni emadhora emari yerubatsiro yekuUS yakatumirwa kubatsira "varwi verusununguko" veAfghan yakaguma yave mumaoko eHezb-i-Islami, bato revashoma vanonyanyisa, iro rakauraya zviuru zvevagari vemuAfghan uye parizvino vakabatana. neTaliban uye kurwisa mauto eUS.
Nzira yekuderedza sei Qaddafi
Sezvo ane mercurial uye anodzvinyirira sezvakaita Gaddafi, achiri nesocial base. Havasi varwi vokune dzimwe nyika chete vari kumuchengeta ari pachigaro. Mumakore ake makumi mana nerimwe ekutonga, akabvisa nyika kubva pahutongi hweudzvanyiriri, akaisa pfungwa yekudada nenyika uye - kunyangwe nekutonga kwake zvisizvo nematongero asina musoro - akatungamira nyika yake kuti iwane chinzvimbo chepamusoro cheHuman Development Index muAfrica, ichipfuura zvibodzwa zvakawanda. nyika dzakapfuma dzisiri dzemuAfrica dzakaita seSaudi Arabia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Mexico, Costa Rica, Malaysia neRussia. Kune vanhu vakawanda vekuLibya avo, kunyange vasina kufara nehutongi hwaQaddafi, havana kugadzirira kutsigira vanopikisa.
Kuti chimurenga chekurwisa mudzvanyiriri ane zvombo uye akadzika midzi kuti abudirire, bato rinopikisa rinofanirwa kuunganidza chikamu chikuru chehuwandu kudivi ravo, sezvakaitika kuTunisia neEgypt. MaLibya anofanirwa kuita hurongwa huchaita kuti hutongi huoneke sehusiri pamutemo uye hunyengeri, ivo vachizviita sevanhu vakanaka uye vanoda nyika.
Tichifunga kuti nhoroondo yavo yekutambura pasi pehukoloni uye kupindira kune dzimwe nyika kwakaita kuti vanhu vekuLibya vazivikanwe nevekune dzimwe nyika, pane njodzi yekuitika kwenyika kubva kubhomba rekuMadokero kunogona kusimbisa Gaddafi kupfuura kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa michina yekugadzira hondo yaGaddafi kwaizomupedza simba.
Pamusoro pezvo, kupokana nemauto edziviriro - kwakakosha zvakanyanya mukubvisa hutongi hunotsigirwa nemauto - kunowanikwa zvakanyanya kana vakanzi vapfure varatidziri vasina pfuti pane pavanenge vachirwiswa nemauto ekunze.
Munguva yekurwira rusununguko muKosovo muma1990, United States nedzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero dzakamira - uye, kusvika pamwero wakati, dzakatotsigira Milosevic - apo madzinza eAlbania aive akabatana zvakanyanya mukutsigira sangano risiri rechisimba rinotungamirwa naIbrahim Rugova ane mwero. uye Democratic League yeKosovo. Pakanga pangove apo mauto ane chisimba uye ane hunyanzvi hweKosovo Liberation Army akatungamira mukurwira kuzvitonga pakupera kwemakore gumi apo nyika dzekuMadokero dzakapindira dzakavamiririra.
Iyo 11-vhiki yeNATO yekubhomba mushandirapamwe yakatora hupenyu hwevanhu mazana mashanu, yakakonzera kucheneswa kwemadzinza uye yakakonzeresa kuparara kukuru kune zvivakwa zveSerbia, ichidzoreredza kwenguva pfupi kurwisa kweSerbian pro-democracy (iyo yakazokunda mukudzinga Milosevic mukumukira kusiri kwechisimba muna Gumiguru. 500.) mutemo weUS neNATO wakananga kuKosovo wakangotumira meseji isiriyo: kana uri pakati nepakati uye usina mhirizhonga, isu tinokufuratira. Kana mukatora zvombo, tichauya kuzokubatsirai.
Kuenderera mberi nerutsigiro rweUS kuhurumende dzeYemeni neBahraini sezvavanodzvinyirira nehutsinye mauto edemocracy asi panguva imwe chete vachiuya kuzobatsira vanopikisa veLibya vane chisimba vanotumira meseji isiriyo.
Zvakakosha, naizvozvo, kuti isu vangada kuona demokrasi ichikunda muLibya inopesana nenhema yokuti mhinduro yemauto ndiyo chete nzira yekupedza kudzvinyirira uye hudzvinyiriri hwaGaddafi.
Ko Nonviolence "Haisi Kushanda"?
Kumukira kusiri kwemhirizhonga, pro-democracy muTunisia neEgypt muna Ndira naKukadzi kwakatevera hupanduki hwakawanda husina pfuti hwakabudirira mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, izvo zvakadzikisa hudzvanyiriri munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Serbia, Chile, Poland, Bolivia, Czechoslovakia, Nepal uye Maldives. Pamusoro pezvo, kunyangwe kudzvinyirirwa kwehurumende, kuratidzira kusina mhirizhonga mumavhiki apfuura kwakapokana zvakanyanya nehurumende dzeYemen neBahrain, ukuwo kuratidzira kudiki kwatanga muSyria, Oman, Sudan, Iraq, Algeria neMorocco.
Zvakadaro, muLibya chete ndimo mune kurwira demokrasi kwadzikira kuita hondo yevagari vemo ine ropa, iyo yakashandiswa sechikonzero chekupindira kwemauto ekunze.
Vamwe vaongorori vakaedza kuti izvi ndizvo zvakaitwa naVaGaddafi, vachiti kusaita mhirizhonga โhakugone kushandaโ kana vakatarisana nemudzvinyiriri asina tsitsi akadaro. Nhoroondo, zvisinei, yakaratidza kakawanda kuti vadzvinyiriri vanoda saQaddafi kusunungura mhirizhonga huru kune vagari vasina zvombo vakakundwa kuburikidza nekuita kwechisimba.
Kubva kuPhilippines kusvika kuEast Germany, vatongi voudzvinyiriri vakatarisana nokumukira kwevanhu kusina chisimba vakarayira mauto avo kuti apfure mapoka evanhu vasina pfuti, asi vongoramba, zvichiita kuti utongi hwoudzvinyiriri huwire pasi. Musi wa14 Ndira, mudzvanyiriri weTunisia Zine El Abidine Ben Ali akazivisa mamiriro enjodzi uye akarambidza kuungana kwevanhu vanopfuura vatatu, achityisidzira kuti "maoko achashandiswa kana mirairo yemauto ikasateererwa." Zvichipindura, mazana ezviuru zvevaTunisia vakaramba hutongi, vakashinga vachifora vachirwisa Bazi rezvemukati menyika raityiwa uye kuramwa mabasa kwakavhara nyika. Mukuru wemauto paakaudza purezidhendi kuti aizoramba kuraira kurwisa varatidziri vasina chisimba, Ben Ali nemhuri yake vakabva vatiza munyika.
Muna 1991, Gen. Moussa Traorรฉ, mudzvanyiriri wemauto eMali, akaraira mauto ake kuti apfure varatidziri vasina zvombo vedemocracy, vachiuraya mazana, asi bato rekupokana rakaramba risina mhirizhonga uye, mukati memazuva, masoja akakwana akasiya kumumanikidza kubva pachigaro. Saizvozvowo, Mutungamiriri Mukuru Suharto, akanga atonga Indonesia kwemakore 33 uye akanga ane ropa rakawanda mumaoko ake kupfuura anenge mutungamiriri upi noupi wehafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, aine mhosva yakananga nokuda kwenzufu dzemazana ezviuru zvevanhu veIndonesia neEast Timorese. , akadzingwa mukumukira kusina chisimba muna 1998.
MuLibya, kuratidzira kwacho kwanga kusiri kwemhirizhonga mukati mevhiki yekutanga yekumukira. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo bato rinotsigira democracy rakabudirira zvikuru, richitora maguta mazhinji ari kumabvazuva kwenyika. Yakanga iri zvakare panguva iyi apo vazhinji vekusiya basa kwenhengo dzekabhineti nevamwe vabatsiri vakakosha vaGaddafi, vamiriri veLibya mumizinda yekunze nevakuru vemauto kwakaitika. Vatyairi vendege vakapwanya nemaune ndege dzavo, vakabhururuka vachienda kune imwe nyika uye vakaramba mirairo yekubhomba uye kukanganisa varatidziri. Zviuru zvevarwi zvakatsauka kana kuti zvakaramba kupfura mhomho, pasinei nokutyisidzirwa kwokuurayiwa.
Yakanga iri apo chimurenga chakatora mhirizhonga yakawanda, zvisinei, kuti kufambira mberi kwechimurenga kwakamira uye kwakakurumidza kuchinjwa, izvo zvakazoita kuti United States nevabatsiri vayo varwise Libya.
Ichokwadi kuti kubudirira, kwakakurumbira, kusina mhirizhonga kumukira hurumende yeLibya kungave dambudziko guru kune mauto e-pro-democracy kupfuura muTunisia kana Egypt, zvichipiwa kuti Libya ndiyo iyo masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika anodana "nyika inobhadhara," nyika inotora. chikamu chakakura chemari yayo kwete kubva kubasa kana vanhu vayo, asi kubva "kurenda" kwezviwanikwa zvayo kune vatengi vekunze. Somugumisiro, masangano ehurumende anowanzova asina simba zvikuru. Kana hurumende isingatsamiri pakushandira pamwe kwevanhu vayo kushanda, kubhadhara mitero, kushanda mumauto edziviriro nekuita mamwe mabasa kutsigira hutongi hwayo, zvinobva zvanyanya kuoma kubvisa hutongi kuburikidza nekusashandira pamwe. Hurumende inogona kuunza vashandi vekunze, kuvimba nemari yemafuta uye kuhaya mamercenaries.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchine zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa izvo vanopikisa vangadai vakavimba nazvo, pamwe nekudzivirira zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinoonekwa muchikamu chekutanga chekumukira.
Smart strategy ndiyo kiyi kune chero kumukira, ingave yakashonga kana isina pfuti. Kumukirana kweLibya kwakangoerekana kwaitika, muchikamu chayo chisina mhirizhonga, kwakanangana nekuratidzira kwakawanda, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore tarisiro yekudzvinyirirwa kwaGaddafi, pane kuvimba nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana - kusanganisira kuramwa (kungadai kwakanyatso kushanda muindasitiri yemafuta), boycotts. , kuderera, uye mamwe maitiro ekusava nekubatana. Muchidimbu, kukundikana kwekurwisana kusina mhirizhonga kwakanga kusiri nokuti kwakanga kusina mhirizhonga, asi nokuti yakanga isina kurongeka zvakanaka.
Izvi hazvirevi kuti kurwisana nezvombo kune mukana mukuru wekubudirira, zvisinei. Mauto anodenha Gaddafi panzvimbo yake yakasimba apo ane zvakanakira uye, nemaitiro ese epasi kuenda kuguta guru reTripoli kuburikidza negwenga rakashama rakavhurika, haisati iri mamiriro akanaka ehondo yakabudirira yevapanduki. Uye kuuraya kwakangowedzera kubva sangano rakashandura chisimba.
Kunyangwe iye zvino, kana kumiswa kwemoto kwakarongwa, nzvimbo dzinodzorwa nevapanduki dzinogona kusimbisa hurongwa hunoshanda hwegutsaruzhinji hungade kutevedzerwa nevamwe maLibya, nepo vanopokana munzvimbo dzinotongwa naQaddafi vanogona kutanga hurongwa hwekuramwa mabasa nezvimwe zviito izvo - zvakasanganiswa. nezvirango zvepasi rose zvakanangana nehurumende - zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kugona kwemudzvanyiriri. Nekudaro, vimbiso yekuenderera mberi nerutsigiro rwemauto eUS neNATO ichaita kuti zvisaite kuti mativi ese arambe achimisa kupfura uye mhirizhonga ine ropa inogona kuenderera nekusingaperi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupindira kwemauto ekuMadokero - kunyangwe paine hunhu hunoratidzika kunge hwaikurudzira - inogona kuratidza kuti yakawedzera zvinhu.