Semutungamiri wenyika yedemocracy John Kerry achigadzira mutemo wake wekuMiddle East, angaita zvakanaka kudzidza kubva mukukanganisa kwehutongi hwaClinton naBush.
Vaimbove Mutungamiri Bill Clinton vakatanga chigaro chavo mushure mekufa kweSoviet Union, uye nekudaro vaive mutungamiri wekutanga kupinda pachigaro zvichitevera kugadzwa kwehutongi hweUS pasi rose. Saizvozvo, kuchengetedza chimiro chakave musimboti wegwaro rake rekunze, izvo zvaireva kuti zvido zveUS zvaizoshandiswa zvakanyanya chero Middle East ikaramba yakagadzikana. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, aimbove Mumiriri weUS kuIsrael Martin Indyk akataura kuti hutungamiriri hwaClinton hwakakurudzira runyararo pakati peIsrael nemaPalestine kwete nekuda kwavo, asi senzira yekuchengetedza kugadzikana. Nokudaro, kugadzikana kwakanga kuri vavariro uye rugare rwakavawo chombo chokuchiwana.
Mushure me9/11, mutemo waClinton weMiddle East wakashandurwa zvakanyanya. Panzvimbo pekugadzikana, hutongi hweBush hwaida shanduko. Iyo iripo yeAmerica hegemony yakaonekwa isina kukwana nevapi vamazano vaBush, avo vakatsvaga kuwedzera nekusimbisa hutongi hweUS pamusoro pemafuta edunhu negasi rechisikigo. Bush nekudaro vakafunga kushandura gadziriso yedzimwe nyika shoma dzekuMiddle East kuti vafambise zvinangwa izvi, vachivharidzira zviito zvake nemashoko akanaka se "democratization" uye "rusununguko."
Kana kuna Clinton hurongwa hwerunyararo hwakava chishandiso chekusimudzira kugadzikana, Bush akashandisa hondo senzira yekuunza shanduko. Nepo Clinton aigutsikana nehukama hwemasimba hwakagadzirwa mushure mekupera kweCold War, Bush akatanga rwendo rwekuwedzera hutongi hweUS. Hondo dzakarwiwa muAfghanistan neIraq ndidzo ratidziro dziri pachena dzeshanduko iyi.
Kunyangwe paine misiyano iri pachena inosiyanisa manejimendi maviri aya, mitemo yaClinton naBush yeMiddle East inogovera mashoma mashoma akaenzana, ayo anozopedzisira akanganisa zvakakosha zvenguva refu zveUS. Rhetoric parutivi, manejimendi maviri aya akakanganisa kubata demokrasi yechokwadi yeMiddle East sekutyisidzira kuUS hegemony, mumatunhu epamba neepasirese.
Izvi, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, ndosaka manejimendi ese ari maviri achipokana nedemocracy yepasi. Saudi Arabia yedemocracy, semuenzaniso, inogona kukumbira US kuti iparadze mabhesi ese emauto eAmerica anoshanda paivhu rayo, kana kutodzora bhizinesi remakambani emafuta eUS akamira munyika. Zviito zvakadaro, maererano nemafungiro aripo, zvinogona kuisa mungozi kutonga kweUS pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvepasi uye nekudaro hazvifanirwe kuregererwa. Saka, mhinduro yave iri yekutsigira hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri, nekuda kwekuti hunoita sehunogona kufanoziva uye huri nyore kubata.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, manejimendi ese ari maviri anga achipokana nedemocratization yepasirese, kusasanganisa masangano akaita seUnited Nations neEuropean Union kuita basa rine musoro kuMiddle East. Zvekare, chikonzero ndechekuti demokrasi yepasirese yesimba ingatyisidzira US hegemony.
Iwo anopokana nedemocratic dhizaini inozivisa mutemo wekunze weUS, zvisinei, inoona papfupi nekuti haitore pfungwa iyo nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika yeCornell University Susan Buck-Morss akadana kuti "dialectic yesimba." Mubhuku rake, Kufunga Kare Kutyisa Buck-Morss inoratidza kuti simba rinonyatso gadzira sei kusagadzikana kwaro. Kugara kuri kuramba kuchiitwa uye kutonga kwenyika dzeMiddle East, pamwe nerutsigiro rusingaperi rweUS rwevadzvanyiriri vemauto vane hutsinye, madzimambo anodzvinyirira, uye kutorwa kwePalestine, kunozopedzisira kwaunza masimba echisimba anozopedzisira arwisa US Funga nezvaOsama Bin-Laden, uyo. pakutanga akadzidziswa neUS kurwisa mauto eSoviet. Haasi kuratidzwa kwakajeka kwepfungwa yekuti simba rinogadzira kusadzivirirwa kwaro here?
Chinangwa chenguva refu cheUS hachifanirwe kunge chiri chekutonga nechisimba Middle East, asi kuibatsira kuti ipinde munzira yedemocratization, inozotungamira mukushambadzwa kwehunhu hwakaenzana, kodzero dzevanhu, uye rusununguko.
Democracy, kunyange zvakadaro, inofanira kubva pasi uye kwete kubva kumusoro, kana bedzi nokuti pamudzi wetsanangudzo dzose dzedemocracy pane pfungwa yesimba rakakurumbira, mamiriro ezvinhu umo simba, uye zvichida chiremera zvakare, zviri kuvanhu. Saka kana, semuenzaniso, vagari veTurkey vachipokana kutora chikamu muhondo yeIraq, iko kukanganisa kukuru kupa chiokomuhomwe uye kumanikidza hurumende yavo kudzamara yaita zvinopesana nechido chedunhu ravo. Nekufamba kwenguva dunhu iri richaguma rakanangana neUS
Chekupedzisira, kudzorwa kwemasimba mupasi rose kungaita sekunge kunoganhurira US, asi kubva pakuona kwenguva refu izvi handizvo. Funga kusabudirira kweMutungamiri Bush kuedza kunyoresa nyika kuti dzibatsire US kuwana nzira yekubuda muIraq. Mumwe anogona ikozvino kuonga kukanganisa kwemaitiro ake ega.
Saka, kuita mutsauko unoreva kuMiddle East, John Kerry aifanira kuderedza mukaha uripo pakati pemashoko nezviito, uye kunyatsotevera democracy. Mutemo wakadaro unogona kudzikamisa hegemony yeUS munguva pfupi, asi nekufamba kwenguva ichaita kuti nyika ive nzvimbo iri nani uye yakachengeteka uye nenzira iyi kusimbisa iyo US pachayo.
Neve Gordon anodzidzisa zvematongerwo enyika paBen-Gurion University, Israel. Parizvino inyanzvi inoshanya paHuman Rights Center uye Center for Middle Eastern Studies paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley. Bhuku rake Kubva Kumucheto Kwekudyidzana Kwepasirese: Maonero Akakosha PaKodzero Dzevanhu yakarongerwa kuoneka mwedzi unouya (Rowman naLittlefield). Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa].
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