Jeff Halper muAmerica akaberekerwa kuIsrael Purofesa weAnthropology pamwe nerunyararo uye murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu kweanopfuura makumi matatu emakore. Muna 1997, akavamba Dare reIsrael Rinorwisa Kuparadzwa Kwedzimba (ICAHD), uye seMutungamiriri weCoordinating "akaronga uye akatungamirira chiito chisina chisimba uye kusateerera kwevanhu.
ICAHD's mission ikozvino yawedzerwa zvakanaka kupfuura kuputswa kwemba. Inobatsira kuvavaka patsva uye kuramba "kutorwa kwevhu, kuwedzera kwekugara, kuvakwa kwemigwagwa, nzira dze "kuvhara" uye "kuparadzaniswa," nezvimwe zvakawanda. Chinangwa chayo chiri nyore, asi chakaoma kuwana - kupedza makumi emakore ekurwisana kweIsrael-Palestine zvakaenzana uye kudzorera nharaunda murunyararo. Nekuda kwebasa rake, Halper akasarudzwa muNobel Peace Prize muna 2006.
Kunze kwebasa rake renguva yakazara, anonyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda, mapepa enzvimbo, uye akanyora mabhuku akati wandei. Yake yazvino uye musoro weongororo iyi ndeye An Israel mukati
Halper "akakosha mukati" uye mutauri ane hungwaru wezviitiko pane iyo yaanopupurira pakutanga. Ongororo iyi inovhara kuongorora kwake kwakadzama - muzvikamu zviviri kuti zvive nyore kuverenga. Inofumura kudzvinyirirwa kweIsrael uye inopa mhinduro dzekugadzirisa. Inopa chimwe chinhu chakakosha pane chikonzero chekukonana, nhoroondo, nei ichienderera mberi, uye kugadzirisa kwakaringana uye kwakaenzana.
ziviso
Zvakaonekwa naHalper nezvehondo yeIsrael-Palestine ndeyechokwadi. Kuziva kuti woipedza sei haisi nyaya. Kukunda kutya uye kudziviswa kweIsrael kuri pamwoyo. Kune "hapana mativi," uye Halper anosimbisa izvozvo se "mukuru webhuku (rake) bhuku." Hurukuro yakakosha uye chiito chinoshanda chinofanira kusanganisira munhu wese anobatwa negakava iri senzira "yekubuda munyonganyonga iyi" nekuwana kururamisira.
Kufunga "kunze kweBhokisi" kwakakosha, kugadzirisa zvakare nyaya, kupa imwe nzira, uye kuishandisa kuvhura "mikana yesarudzo yakafanofungirwa (ne) kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza." Halper ane "shoko rakajeka, rinopa simba: kana isu vanhu tichitungamira, hurumende dzedu dzinotevera." Asi zvinoda kuzvipa simba kuti tizviite uye kuzvipira pabasa racho. Chinangwa - "kukunda-kuhwina" rugare kune mapato ese pasi rose achifunga nezve "kuenzana, kodzero dzevanhu, mutemo wenyika dzakawanda, kururamisira, rugare nebudiriro." Usaite chikanganiso.
Chikamu I: Kunzwisisa Kudzvinyirirwa - Kuitwa kweIsrayeri Yakakomba
Kumwe kuputswa kwemba kwakashandura Halper kubva kuZionist inofambira mberi, yakasununguka-kuruboshwe kuenda kune yake post-Zionist nyika. Raive gore mushure mekusikwa kweICAHD, asi aive asati azvionera ega. Akatsanangura mamiriro ake ezvinhu uye maitiro ake - chizvarwa chechitatu cheAmerica, guta duku repakati pemavirira, Conservative Jew (akasiyaniswa kubva kuOrthodox kana Reformed), kwete zvechitendero, asi achitenda mu "mitemo inokosha yehupenyu" yaakadzidza achiri mwana: kutamba zvakanaka, usarove vamwe vana, kumbira ruregerero kana watadza, uye usatora chinhu chevamwe. Iye zvino agara muIsrael kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, akasvika semudzidzi wechidiki wechiremba, ari muIsrael zvakanyanya, uye akaona huJudah hwake huchichinja kuita "Israeliness."
Haana kumbobvira ari muZionist akazvipira, zvino nekufamba kwenguva akaona kuti kuparadza uye kusarura kwazviri. Zvakaita
Kupokana kwaisambodzivisika, asi musanganiswa we "exclusivist nationalism" uye pfungwa dzepamusoro-soro dzakatungamira maJuda asati asvika 1948 kurwisana, kwete kuyanana kumaArabu. Kupesana kwakaguma uye hunhu hwakabairwa. Makore makumi matanhatu gare gare,
Mharidzo yeBulldozers
Izvo zvinoparadzwa nemabulldozer, mazana maviri emisha yakadzoserwa kumaJuda zviuru mazana mashanu mudzimba 200. Iri panzvimbo yekurima yePalestine uko zvirambidzo zvenzvimbo zvinovanyima mvumo yekuvaka. Kubva 500,000,
Kune vakadzi, zvakanyanya kuipa - kubviswa uye kurasikirwa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwakafanana nekurasikirwa nevadikani. Vana zvakare vanobatwa, kushungurudzwa, uye vanoitwa kutya uye kusachengeteka. Kunoparira weti pamubhedha, hope dzinotyisa, kutya kusiiwa, kuderera kwamagiredhi, kusiya chikoro, uye kuratidzirwa kuchisimba chomumba chinoparirwa nokusagadzikana kwemirangariro yavabereki.
VaPalestine havana pekutangira. Vanowana zviziviso zvekuputswa. Hapana pamutemo, manejimendi maitiro kana maodha anovaperekedza. Hapana yambiro kana nguva yekubvisa zvinhu. Pasina nguva yakakwana yekutiza ndiri mupenyu, uye dzimwe nguva kwete kuti kana mutemo wemauto uchiparadza dzimba pamusoro pevagari vanofungidzirwa kuti "vanodiwa." Kupwanya kunogona kuitwa nekukasira, mwedzi gare gare kana makore, uye nguva dzose mangwanani-ngwanani apo vagari vangave vakarara kana dzimwe nguva pavanenge vari panjodzi.
Masangano mashanu ehurumende anodzora maitiro pamativi ese eGreen Line:
- iyo Civil Administration pasi peBazi reDziviriro muWest Bank uye aimbove mukati
- Bazi rezvemukati menyika uye
- Ministry of Interior, Israel Lands Authority uye Ministry of Agriculture mukati meIsrael ine masimba pamusoro pedzimba dzeBedouin; uyezve, maguta anotongwa nemaJuda anodzora maitiro mumaguta "akasanganiswa" seLod, Ramle neJaffe.
Inobata maPalestine, kwete maJuda uye chikamu chemaitiro e "de-Arabize" nyika uye kuvharira vagari vadzo kunzvimbo diki dzakadzimwa enclaves (
Kuganhurwa kweIsrael uye zvirongwa zvepamusoro zvinobvumidza kuputsa uye kuramba mvumo yekuvaka nenzira dzinoita sedzisina rusarura. Hazvina kudaro munyika umo maJuda anodzora 95% yenyika inorambidzwa maPalestine.
tora
- Vagari vePalestine veJerusarema havagone kuwana mvumo yekuvaka; mhedzisiro yacho kushomeka kwedzimba 25,000;
- dzimba shoma dzinoreva mitengo yakakwirira; varombo vokuPalestine havakwanisi kuzvitenga; kwete kunyange yakachipa kunze kwekunge vavaka yavo;
- kusiyana nevaJudha - kuchengetedza yavo
- zvisinei nedzimba dzisina kukwana, dhorobha reIsrael rinopa maArab matsamba ekuvaka anosvika zana nemakumi mashanu kusvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu chete pagore, asi achiputsa 150 kana kupfuura dzimba dziripo panguva imwe chete;
- kunyangwe pazvinenge zvawanikwa, mvumo inodhura zvakanyanya kuti vanhu vazhinji vekuPalestine vakwanise kutenga; kuvaJudha, zvisinei, miripo inowanzokwizwa kana kutsigirwa;
- kunyangwe vaine mvumo, vanhu vekuPalestine vanogona kungovaka pa25% yevhu ravo; mugumisiro wacho kuwandisa kwakanyanya;
- VaJudha, zvakasiyana, vane nzvimbo dzekugara dzakakura muWest uye
- MaPalestine akatarisanawo nerusarura pamabasa emanisipala; vanodzikisirwa pamabhajeti uye zvinodiwa zvakakosha semvura, tsvina, migwagwa, mapaki, mwenje, mahofisi eposvo, zvikoro uye mamwe masevhisi; uye
-Mabvazuva eJerusarema "vavakidzani" vanoshandira vanhu vePalestine vari vega munzvimbo dzakadzimwa, uye guta riri kushandurwa "kuva dunhu rinotonga chikamu chepakati chepakati.
Iyo yakafanana system iripo kune iyo
Mugwagwa wakaganhurirwa wakabatana uye nzira yekupfuura inobatanidza nzvimbo dzekugara uye inodzibatanidza mu
UN Resolution 1544 (Chivabvu 2004) inosungirwa
Chikamu II: Mabviro ekudzvinyirirwa - Iro Impossible Hope, Kugadzira maJuda Ethnocracy mu.
Hondo kana rugare. Kupokana kana kugadzirisa. VaIsraeri vanofungei? Halper anotenda kuti vazhinji "vanoda kuenderera mberi nehupenyu hwavo. 'Rugare nekunyarara' zvinonyatsotsanangura (zvavo) zvishuvo." Asi zvinhu hazvisi nyore mu "
Kupopotedzana kwaBharaki uye kwechipiri Intifada (September 2000) kunosimbisa nyaya yacho. VaIsrael zvakare "vanogara mububble," zvakanyanya sevanhu vekuAmerica. Maonero nemafungiro avo anoumbwa. Havana kubata chokwadi chezvematongerwo enyika, uye zvinhu zvehurumende hazvisi zvavo. Uyewo havana hanya nazvo. Vane hupenyu hwavo hwekuenderera mberi, asi Halper anobvunza kuti sei vasingakwanisi "kubuda muBhokisi?" Zvinhu zvitatu zvinozvitsanangura:
โ ideology yenyika - hutongi hwemarudzi nehurongwa hwahwo hwezvematongerwo enyika;
- kushushikana nekuchengeteka; uye
โ "kuita sarudzo dzeboka diki."
Kunzwisisa Zionism kwakakosha; kuvimba kwayo pakudzvinyirirwa, chisimba uye kubviswa; kutenda kwayo mukusaga uye ropafadzo; uye kuti zvematongerwo enyika zvinobva sei papfungwa. Inoti idemocracy asi haizozvitaridzi kune vasiri maJuda. Inoda nyika yakachena apo hafu yevagari vayo vasiri vaJudha uye vane kodzero shoma dzinopiwa vaJudha uye pasina kana imwe inonyanya kukosha.
Zionism inoiruramisa, uye midzi yayo inotsanangura. The Jewish Diaspora "vakachengeta ethno-nationalism mukati me (yechitendero) hurongwa." Kunyanya kwe1000 makore mukati
Iyo Ciitizenship uye Kupinda muIsrael Mutemo unorambidza maIsrael maArab vakaroora kubva kuWest Bank,
Gwaro rinobva pane izvi uye pfungwa yesarudzo yehurumende mbiri, imwe isingagamuchirwi nevaPalestine, nokuti inobva pane imwe pfungwa isingashande - kuchengetedza maArabu kubva mu "nyika yedu" uye kuva nezvose zvakanakisisa zveIsrael zvikamu zvevaJudha. MaPalestine anowana izvo zvasara, izvo zvisinganyanyi kukosheswa, nemabhururu ekugadzirisa akachengetwa asingabatike, uye nekuwedzera iwo zvakare. Saka imwe mhando yenyika yePalestine ichabhadharwa zvekuti netsanangudzo ichasvika kumakanti akapatsanurwa mu "jeri-nyika inotsigirwa zvisirizvo." Haikwanise kushanda uye inovimbisa kuti hapana kupera kwekukakavadzana.
Hazvigoneki, zvakadaro maIsrael vanozvitenga. Zvakadaro sei? Nekuti chengetedzo fremu inoitengesa. MaJuda akaparadzaniswa uye ari mungozi, maArabu anovengana, kunetsana kusingadzivisike, uye zvese zvinouya kune "tino'kunda' kana kuti 'ivo' vanoita" - kurwisana kwemagariro pasina mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika uye "chiuto chevanhu" chakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinoruramisa "urudzi hwemadzinza uye hnocracy," uye Halper anonyora zvinhu zvayo zvikuru:
-
- "Terrorism" yePalestine ndiyo musimboti wedambudziko;
- hapana Basa riripo; iyo Territories "inopokana;" uye
- hapana mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika inogoneka;
Mafungiro aya haagoneki. Vanofanotaura chero mukana werunyararo, kuyananiswa, chengetedzo chaiyo, uye mhinduro yakanaka uye yakaenzana kune gakava refu uye risingagadzirike mudunhu. Zvakadaro
Kasingaperi mumakore,
-
- zvakare muna 1949,
- asati aurayiwa,
muna 1952-53.
- saizvozvo
- zvachose,
โ muna 1965,
- mushure mehondo ya1967, maPalestine aida runyararo, nyika yakazvimirira, asi vakarambwawo;
- ndizvo zvakaita Sadat muna 1971;
- Arafat zvakare mukutanga 1970s; Henry Kissinger flat akamuramba uye akaramba kuonana kwese;
- Sadat yakarambwa zvakare muna 1978, gore rakapfuura
- mu1988, iyo PLO yakaziva pachena nyika yeIsrael mukati meGreen Line;
- muna 1993, PLO yakaita zvakare;
- kupeta kaviri vagari vemo pakati pe1993-2000 yakafanotaura mhinduro inogoneka yehurumende mbiri;
-
โ muna 2006, Olmert akadzinga Gwaro reVasungwa apo mapato ese ePalestine (Hamas achisanganisirwa) akatsvaga mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika-yakagadzirirwa nyika mbiri;
- kubva pakuwa 2006, Assad weSyria akadzokorora runyararo; Israel yakavadzinga uye inoramba ichivenga Syria, Hezbollah muRebhanoni, uye hurumende yeHamas yakasarudzwa nenzira yegutsaruzhinji; riri kuGaza chete; yakaramba yakakombwa; zvakanangidzirwa kubviswa; uye kubva muna Chikumi 19 kuomerera kuchibvumirano chekumisa kurwa kweEgypt icho chinogona kunetsa pakupedzisira.
Kubvisa (Nishul): Ethnocracy's Handmaiden
Chengetedzo chete haigone kutsanangura makumi emakore emutemo weIsrael. "Chimwe chimwe chinhu chaiitika," sekureva kwaHalper - Nishul, kudzingwa, kutamiswa, "de-Arabization," "Judaization" ethnocracy's "kuwedzera kwechisikigo." Pfungwa dzayo dziri nyore. Nyika yechiJudha haigone kushanda nehuwandu hwevanhu vechiArabu. Zvakatonyanya kuipa ndezvekuti vazhinji vanotokwanisa kuda kuenzana. Kuzvidzivirira uye kupa maJuda simba saka mutemo. Inotsanangura hurongwa hweZionism, midzi yaro inodzokera kumashure kwe100 makore, uye nishul iri pakati payo. Muzvikamu zvinomwe maererano naHalper:
- munharaunda kubva 1904-1914; kutanga kusvika kweZionist vakatanga; vakazviona se "vagari vemo vanodzoka" uye vakashandisa mazwi akadai se "kukunda" uye "colonization;" kutenga minda kubva kuvaridzi venzvimbo vechiArab vakanga vasipo uye kubvisa varimi vekuPalestine vakatanga hurongwa; kuramba pfungwa kwakatanga kare; nishul akafambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma;
- kubva muna 1918-1947, kuwedzera kwakarongeka kwechiJudha pamwe chete nishul; 1917 Balfour Declaration yakakukurudzira; it akapa vimbiso dzemaArabu asi akavatengesa; VaJudha vakawedzera; yaive 17% yePalestine ne1932; yakakura nokukurumidza muma1930; MaArabu akapanduka kubva muna 1936-1939; MaZionist akatora mutemo we "compulsory transfer" kuti upokane nawo; Uchangamire hwechiJudha paPalestine yose hwakava chinhu chinokosha; kugara nemaArabu kwakarambwa; iyo 1942 Biltmore Chirongwa chaive chakasimba - "Palestine (yaizo) inoumbwa seJudhiya Commonwealth;" VaPalestine vakasiiwa kunze zvachose;
- kushingaira nishul - 1948; mushure mehondo, maJuda vaive chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu; kupatsanura kwakarangarirwa; Chisungo cheUN muna 1947 chakapa maJuda 56% yenyika, maArabu mazhinji 42% ne2% yakasara pasi pepasi rose (kusanganisira Jerusarema); nishul yakava madikanwa; padiki, Gen Gurion vaida 80% yePalestine; hondo ya1948 yakawana 78%; kucheneswa kwemarudzi (mass-nishul) pakasikwa Israeri; akaberekwa muropa; pashure ndokunyudzwa mairi; nguva yose ichipa mhosva vanyajambwa;
- kubva 1948-1966 - consolidating nishul; maArabu mazhinji akabviswa (kusvika ku80%); dambudziko rakanga riri nzira yokudziisa kunze; semamiriro ekusikwa kwayo, Israeri yakabvumirana neUN Resolution 194 uye mutemo wenyika dzakawanda unovimbisa Kodzero yeKudzoka; pana June 16, 1948, Dare reMakurukota raro rakazvirambidza; inoramba iri mutemo nhasi; Mitemo yeKafkaesque inoita kuti Israeri itore nyika yePalestine, ichivarambidza kuva yavo, uye kusapa vapoteri kodzero nekusingaperi; Halper anotaura matanho mana emutemo kubva kune mamwe masosi aanokora mashoko:
(1)
(2) kuomesa โkushaikwa kwevaridziโ โ iyo (1948) Provisional Council of State yakagadzira โMutaririโ we "nzvimbo dzakasiiwa;" mitemo yakasiyana-siyana, mirau, mirairo yemauto, uye dzimwe nzira dzemutemo dzakafambisa kutorwa kwevhu rePalestine;
(3) "Kuita Israeri" - kubva "kushaikwa kwevaridzi" kusvika pavaridzi veIsrael; mitemo yakasiyana-siyana uye mafambisirwo emutemo anopa simba rekutorwa kwemasangano ehurumende; uye
(4) De-Arabization - ivhu rakaitwa nyika kuchengetedza "hunhu hwechiJudha;" pakazosvika 1962, 92.6% yenyika yaive yehurumende kana yeJewish National Fund; MaPalestine akawana asara 7.3%; vainzi "vapoteri vemukati" (kunyanya Orwell) uye vakarambidzwa kudzokera kumisha yavo; mitemo yakasimbiswa; iyo "Basic Law: Israel Lands - 1960" inodzivirira ivhu kana dzimba dzakavakwa paNyika Lands kana pamaJuda National Agency-inodzorwa neayo kutengeswa, kurenda kana kurenda kumaArabu eIsrael; vaona huridzi hwavo huchiderera kubva pa93% pre-1948 kusvika 25% mumashure meizvi kusvika pa4% muna 2007;
- kubva 1967 kusvika ikozvino - basa, colonization, uye zvachose "Matrix of Control;" inotsanangura dambudziko rePalestine nhasi;
- kubva 1993-2000 - post-Oslo kuedza kupedza nishul; de-Arabization uye Judaization yakagadzira hurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri; kutonga kwechigarire kunotsanangura; kubva muna 1948 kusvika muna 1966, mauto aitungamirira; pashure pacho, hurumende yakavhenganiswa yakaitsiva - mutemo wemauto kumaArabu; nzvimbo yakakura chete yevaJudha vane rupo rwerubatsiro rwekukwezva; uye
- kubva 2001 kusvika ikozvino, kutora unilateral "kuparadzaniswa" - kupedzisa nishul maitiro; de-Arabization yakachinjirwa kuhusungwa; nishul inoenderera muTerritories zvakare; chinangwa chayo ndechekuwedzera kutonga kweIsrael pamusoro penyika yese uye kuvharira maPalestine kuma bantustans ari ega pasi peIsrael.
Nhoroondo yaEksodho
Zvinoreva kubhuku raLeon Uris nezve "hugamba diki
Murombo mudiki
Halper anoti anogara achibvunzwa kuti: "VaJudha (vanogona sei kubata maArabu nehasha) mushure mezvavanenge vapfuura? Hazvibvi mutsika dzechiJudha." Nguva dzemuBhaibheri zvimwe asi kwete kubva ipapo. Asi vamwe vanotenda "kuratidzwa kwesimba, mhirizhonga, kusarudzwa uye hutsinye," kwakaonekwa sehutongi mushure memakore 2000 ekunonoka. Kodzero dzePalestine dzinorambwa, uye kuratidza tsitsi kunoonekwa se "kusasimba."
Chikamu II chichaenderera mberi nenyaya. Zvitarise pane ino saiti.
Stephen Lendman anogara mukati
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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