KUTAURIRANA ZVAKASIYANA ZVINOTAURWA ZVINOGWA NEIRAQ
Musi wa 7 Zvita, zuva rekutanga, Iraq yakapa kune vaongorori vezvombo veUN chiziviso chezviitiko zvayo zvine chekuita nezvombo zvekuparadza kukuru uye makomba marefu-ese akarambidzwa neUN Security Council Resolution 687.
Chiziviso-'A Parizvino Chakarurama, Chiziviso Chakazara uye Chakakwana pamwe nemagwaro anotsigira'-inopfuura mapeji 12,000 kureba: mapeji 6,287 pazvombo zvinokandwa; mapeji 2,081 1991 pamusoro pebasa renyukireya kusvika muna 300 (mapeji 1,334 enguva kubvira); uye mapeji 352 anotaura nezvezvinhu zvipenyu. (Uye mapeji e11 pamusoro pechirongwa cheUN chekuongorora.) Peji yezviri mukati, yakabudiswa neU. (Guardian, 17 Zvita, p. XNUMX)
Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti 7 Dec. declaration yakaitwa nemaune neIraq kuita gwaro guru iro rinotora mwedzi kuti ritariswe. Munyori wecolumnist Bruce Anderson anonyora, 'Kunyatsoongorora minutiae yekunyengedza kwaizotora mwedzi yakati: Kukadzi apfuura' (nguva yakanakisa yehondo, Anderson anotenda-maonero anogoneka uye anobatwa zvakanyanya). (Yakazvimirira, 9 Zvita, p. 14)
Nekudaro, yaive US neUK vakanyora Security Council Resolution 1441, iyo yaida Iraq kuti itaure kwete chete nezvezvirongwa zvayo zvezvombo, asiwo 'mamwe ese emakemikari, biological, uye zvirongwa zvenyukireya, kusanganisira chero yainoti ndeyezvinangwa zvisina hukama. kugadzira zvombo kana zvinhu'. Mukuru wezvombo zveUN, Hans Blix, akataura kuti kunyangwe zvaigoneka kuti Iraq itaure nezvezvirongwa zvezvombo zveIraq zvekare uye zvazvino zvinofanirwa kuitika mukati memazuva makumi matatu, uye zvimwe chetezvo zvinofanira kuva zvechokwadi pakuzivisa zvirongwa zvenyukireya zvine runyararo zvasara, 'Kuzivisa zvimwe zvese. zvirongwa zvemakemikari munyika ine indasitiri yemakemikari yakakura zvakati, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirongwa zvoutachiona zvingava zvinonetsa munguva pfupi.' (Blix, 'Manotsi ehurukuro kuSecurity Council, 30 Gumiguru 28',www.casi.org.uk>)
Kuzivisa zvese zvemakemikari uye zvipenyu zviitiko muIraq (kusanganisira yese inovirisa vheti munyika) mumazuva makumi matatu kwakagadzirirwa kusaita kuti Iraq iite. Zvaive zvakare zviri pachena kuti zvichatungamira kune kureba kuziviswa neIraq.
THE DOUBLE TRIGGER
Uye chero kusiiwa muchiziviso, chero isina kutaurwa inovirisa vheti, inogona kudhura vanhu veIraqi zvakanyanya. Resolution 1441 inoti, 'zvirevo zvenhema kana kusiiwa mune zviziviso zvakaunzwa neIraq zvichienderana nechisarudzo ichi uye kukundikana neIraq chero nguva kutevedzera, uye kushandira pamwe zvizere mukuitwa kwe, sarudzo iyi ichaumba kumwe kutyora kwezvisungo zveIraq. . (Ndima 4.)
Mutsara wekuti 'kutyora zvinhu' uri kududzirwa neWashington neLondon (zvisizvo) semvumo yekuenda kuhondo. Naizvozvo, kana Iraq isati yanyora rondedzero yakazara yezvese zvechivanhu zvemakemikari uye zvipenyu zviitiko, izvo zvinogona kupa kune (zvisina kurongeka) yekuUS kudai yepamutemo kutanga hondo. (Ona ARROW Anti-War Briefing 25: 'Material Breach' kune zvimwe pane izvi.)
Pane mamiriro maviri akavakirwa muChisarudzo, muParagraph 4: 'kutaura kwenhema kana kusiiwa mune zviziviso zvakaunzwa neIraq zvichienderana nechisarudzo ichi uye kukundikana neIraq chero nguva kutevedzera, uye kushandira pamwe zvizere mukuitwa kwechisarudzo ichi. ' 'Chisarudzo chacho chinotaura nezvekuzivisa kwenhema kana kusiiwa pamwe nekusashanda pamwe chete kana kutevedzera,' inodaro 'UK source'. 'Uyezve ndiro izwi rakakoshaโฆ Gwaro pacharo harisi honzeri yehondo.' (Mucherechedzi, 8 Zvita, peji 21)
'Kushandiswa kwe"uye" pane kuti "kana" kwakakakavadzana zvakanyanya nedare rekuchengetedza, uye yaive mamiriro ekutsigira kwaro kwechibvumirano. Zvisinei nezvakataurwa naVaBush naBlair, vakuru vakuru vakawanda muWashington neLondon vanobvumirana kuti mashoko aya anoreva kuti chirevo chemusi wa8 Zvita chete hachizopi chikonzero chehondo.' (Guardian, 27 Mbudzi, p. 20)
Chinodiwa 'maitiro ekunonoka kana kuramba zvachose kupa mukana kune saiti kana mukuru'โ'Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekuti hunhu hweIraqi hunotsanangurwa sei naVaBlix nemumwe wake mukuru wezvombo zvekuongorora zvombo, Mohammed el-Baradei.' (Guardian, 27 Mbudzi, p. 20)
Mamwe ma hawks emuWashington arikusundidzira chikonzero chimwe chete: Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weUnited States Dick Cheney 'atora nzvimbo ine hutsinye, achisimbirira kuMutungamiriri weNyika kuti chero kusasiiwa - kunyangwe kudiki kwakadii - kuchaumba kukanganisa kwezvinhu.' (Observer, 8 Dec., p. 21) 'Vakuru vakuru vakati wandei mukutonga kwaBush vanotenda kuti kana Saddam achigona kuratidzwa kuti akanyepa hazvibatsiri kuti ongororo yeUN ienderere mberiโฆ Vakuru veAmerica vakaudza The Daily Telegraph kuti hondo. iko zvino ingangotanga muna Ndira [2003] uye kuti chiratidzo chekuti chirongwa chekuongorora chichapera chingava chirevo chepamutemo kubva kuWhite House kuti Iraq yakanga iri mu "kutyora hunhu" kweResolution 1441.' (Telegraph, 10 Zvita, p. 13)
Tichifunga kuti nyuchi dzakundwa, basa reUS rinobva ratanga kuratidza kugutsikana kwenyika kuti chiziviso chezvombo chine mhosho, uyezve kugadzira kunetsana pakati pevaongorori neBaghdad iyo inogona kufananidzirwa nenzira yevasiri- kubatana.
KUSVIRIRA US/UK NJERE?
Imwe nzira yekuratidza kuti chiziviso chine mhosho kuburitsa kusvika zvino chakavanzika cheUS ne/kana British intelligence inoratidza kuti Iraq ine zvinhu, midziyo kana zvombo zvakanyatsounganidzwa zvayasina kutaura. 'Vakuru veUnited States vakati CIA uye ma laboratories enyika anonyanya kurwisana nemakemikari, biological uye nyukliya akanga atanga kuongororwa kwechiziviso cheIraqi yose, uye akaudzwa kuti aise pfungwa pane zvishoma zvezvikumbiro zveIraqi zvinogona kuratidzwa kuti ndezvenhema nehungwaru huripo.' (Guardian, 10 Zvita, p. 13)
IUS inozeza kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvayo, zvisinei, kunyangwe kuUNMOVIC. Nehurombo, 'Vaongorori vemitemo veUS vanobvunza kana ruzivo rwemuUS rwuchave rwunogutsa kune vanobatana neWashington, uye vanotarisira kuti masangano eungwaru eUS aizengurira kugovera zvese zvavanazvo.' Hungwaru hweUS munguva yakapfuura kazhinji hwaivimba neruzivo kubva kuIraq defectors: 'Hungwaru hwedu hauna kushata, asi hunonaka here? Kwete,' anodaro muongorori wezvemitemo weUS anoziva nezvehungwaru hweUS. 'Kana iwe uchida kupa Saddam mukana wekupokana, saka chero chidimbu chemudziyo chinogona kunge chiri chezvinangwa zvevanhu.' (FT, 9 Dec., p. 9) Nemamwe mashoko, 'humbowo' hwakavanzika uhwo US neBritain vari kuvimba nahwo hunozununguka zvikuru.
'Kusava nechokwadi kwave kuchikonzerwa nekushanyira kusina kuitika kwekuongorora kunzvimbo dzakawanda dzakaonekwa neAmerica kana Britain sekufungidzira.' (Sunday Times, 15 Dec., p. 22) Zvakanakisa saka kusaburitsa chakavanzika 'njere', uye kurwisa chiziviso nedzimwe nzira. The Economist inotaura kuti kana nzira iyi ikatorwa, US ichange ichityora Paragraph 10 yeResolution 1441, iyo inokumbira nyika dzese kuti dzipe 'chero ruzivo rwune chekuita nezvirongwa zvinorambidzwa' muIraq: 'Zvingave zvinoshamisa kuti America ityora mutemo. chisarudzo Iraq isati yabatwa ichidaro.' (Economist, 14 Zvita, p. 58)
UNACCOUNTED-ZVEZVINHU: THE FIRST STAGE
"Zvichida chinonyanya kukosha chekuzivisa ichava mabatiro aichaita Hurumende yeIraqi yakagara ichiti yakaparadza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvombo zvemakemikari zvakarambidzwa uye majemusi mumhirizhonga mushure meGulf War muna 1991." Hans Blix, mukuru wezvombo zveUnited Nations. , yakataura kuti Iraq inofanira kupa โuchapupu hunopwisaโ hwokuti kuparadza kwacho kwakaitikaโchimwe chinhu chayasati yamboita kusvikira nhasi.โ (Nguva, 6 Zvita, p. 19)
Kutarisa panyaya iyi kunochengeta mutoro wehumbowo paIraq, chinangwa chikuru cheUS. Kana zvinyorwa zvinonyora kuparadzwa kwezvinhu izvi zvaparadzwa, Iraq haigoni kupa "uchapupu hunogutsa" hwechinhu chipi nechipi. Danho rekutanga rekugadzira 'kutyora kwechinhu' rinogona kuitwa nenzira iyi.
KUBVWA KWEMASINDI: CHECHIPIRI
'Mutongi weWashington anogona kuuya pamusoro pemubvunzo wechipiri wakakosha - kuti vaongorori vakagadzirira sei kuva pamusoro penyaya yekuwana masayendisiti eIraq biological, makemikari uye nyukireyaโฆ nyaya nevaIraq.' (Sunday Telegraph, 1 Zvita, p. 27)
UNMOVIC 'yakakotamira kudzvinyiriro huru kubva kuUnited States' uye yakapa Iraq kusvika pakupera kwaZvita kuti ipe mazita nenzvimbo dzesaenzi dzekuIraq dzakabatana nezvirongwa zvayo zvezvombo. Pasi peResolution 1441, vaongorori vanopihwa simba rekubhururutsa masayendisiti nemhuri dzavo kubva muIraq kubvunzurudzwa. 'Baghdad inotarisirwa zvikuru kuramba kutama kwakadaro, izvo zvingaiisa mukuputsa kwechisarudzo.' ( Sunday Telegraph, 15 Dec., p. 22) Hans Blix, mukuru weUNMOVIC, haafariri: โHatisi kuzopamba munhu upi noupi,โ akadaro. "UN haisi sangano rekupandukira." (Observer, 8 Dec., p. 20) Tichaona kana achikwanisa kuramba kufurirwa neUS.
KUtorwa kweUS kweIRAQ's DECLARATION Resolution 1441 yaida Iraq kuti iunze chiziviso chezvombo kunhengo gumi neshanu dzeUN Security Council. Manheru echiziviso ichi, zvisinei, Security Council yakabvumirana kuti chiziviso chigadziriswe chisati chafambiswa: 'Vamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vakati vaive vafunga zvese neChishanu [6 Zvita] kubvumira nyanzvi dzeUN kuti vabvise โ mashoko kubva mugwaro racho, tisati tapa makopi kunhengo 15 dzekanzuru. Panzvimbo-inotevera svondo rekukurukurirana kwerunhare kwakaona zvese kunze kweSyria kubvuma kubvumidza nhengo shanu dzechigarire kuwana zvinyorwa zvisina kunyorwa-vakuru veUS vakapinda mumahofisi eUN neSvondo vakatora chiziviso chisina kunyorwa kuWashington. IUS yakabva yatumira makopi kune dzimwe nhengo dzeSecurity Council-UK, Russia, China neFrance. Nhengo gumi dzisina kusarudzwa dzichagamuchira shanduro yakagadziridzwa gare gare.' (FT, 10 Zvita, p. 11)
Iraq yakapa mhosva kuti US yaizokanganisa chiziviso chayakabata. 'Izvi hazvigone kupihwa kuti imwe seti yakazara iripo'-sezviri mumaoko eUNMOVIC. (Economist, 14 Zvita, p. 58)
'Washington neLondon zvinotendwa kuti zvanga zvichinetsekana kuti kugadziridza kweUN neInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) kungakanganisa vaongorori vavo pachezvavo kuenzanisa chiziviso pamusoro pezvinonzi zvinhu zvehungwaru zvakaitirwa pazvirongwa zvekuparadza kukuru kweIraq.' (Yakazvimirira, 10 Zvita, p. 11) Chokwadi chekuti chiziviso chakabatwa kunyangwe Siria yakaramba ichipikiswa yaive, iyo FT yakacherekedza, 'kubva pakutsvaga kweKanzuru kwakajairika kutsvaga kubvumirana': mumiriri akati, 'Nenzira iyo. yaiva heterodox zvishoma. Asi aya mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye takaita sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika.' (FT, 10 Dec., p. 11) Simba rinogadzira mitemo. Chiziviso chacho chinofanira kuva chombo chokuparadzira mashoko, kwete chokubvisa zvombo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta