Kubvuma kweMutungamiri Bush mukupera kwaGumiguru kuti kuenzanisa pakati pekurwiswa kweRamadan muIraq neTet kuVietnam "zvingave zvakanaka" zvakaunza gakava reIraq-Vietnam.
Gakava iri rinopa pfungwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti mademokrasi anowanzo rasikirwa nehondo kune akanyatso tsigisa kuramba nekuti mademokrasi anoramba kushandiswa kusingabvumirwe kwemhirizhonga.
Kupokana kuti dai maDemocratics angadai akashandisa mhirizhonga yakawanda, angadai akabvisa kupikiswa kwese kuprojekiti yavo yekutonga uye kushandiswa kwevamwe vanhu ndeyekuzviruramisa myopic maonero.
Maonero aya nemamwe maonero akafanana nawo, anozivisa gakava reIraq-Vietnam, anoita zvishoma kubvisa kuzvinyengera. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vanogona kunge vakavakirwa pakuongorora kwakashata kana kuti vanotarisisa kune epamusoro hurongwa kufanana kana misiyano ivo vachibhadhara zvishoma kana kusatarisisa kune zviri pasi pechokwadi cheVietnam neIraq.
Semuenzaniso, izvo zviri pachena zvekufanana pakati peVietnam neIraq hazvipo zvachose kubva mukukakavadzana. Chekutanga cheizvi chisipo kufanana kuri pachena ndechekuti hondo dzose dziri mbiri dzakatangwa pahwaro hwenhema dzakajeka.
Zvave zvichizivikanwa kwenguva yakati, uye zvakasimbiswa nezvakazarurwa muna Mbudzi wegore rapfuura kuti National Security Agency “ichiziva manyepo enjere kuitira kuti iite senge North Vietnam yarwisa vaparadzi veUS muTonkin Gulf.†(Democracy) Iye zvino, Mbudzi 21, 2005)
Hunyengeri uhwu hwakashandiswa neMutungamiri Johnson kuraira kurwiswa kweNorth Vietnam uye kuita kuti Congress ipfuure 1964 Gulf yeTonkin Resolution iyo yakapa Johnson mvumo yepamutemo yekuwedzera hondo muVietnam.
National Archives yakaburitsa magwaro, zvakare muna Mbudzi 2005, yakasimbisa kuti aimbove Mutungamiriri Nixon nemaune akatanga kunyengedza ruzhinji rweAmerica pamusoro pesarudzo yake "yekurwisa Cambodia muchivande" muna 1970.
Kuhondo yeIraq, zvave kuzivikanwa zvakare kwenguva yakati kuti hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakamonyanisa hungwaru kunyengedza veruzhinji vekuAmerica kuti vatsigire hondo yavo yakange yarongwa kurwisa Iraq.
Izvi zvakatsinhirwa zvakare nerimwe redare reSeneti rakaburitswa musi wa8 Gunyana gore rino. Chirevo ichi chakagumisa kuti "zvakawanikwa mushure mehondo hazvitsigire 2002 nharaunda yevazivi kuti Iraq yakanga ichigadzirazve chirongwa chayo chenyukireya, yaive nezvombo zvoutachiona kana kuti yakambogadzira nharembozha dzekugadzira vamiririri vehondo yehupenyu."
Democratic Senator Carl Levin akati mushumo uyu 'imhosva inoparadza yekutonga kweBush-Cheney kusingachinji, kutsausa uye kunyengera kuedza' kubatanidza Saddam Hussein neal-Qaida. (NYT, Gunyana 8, 06).
Chechipiri chakanyanya kufanana kufanana pakati peVietnam neIraq chinogara mumitsetse yakajairika yekurongedzerwa yakakumbirwa kupembedza hondo mune ese ari maviri.
Muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri kurongeka kwaive kutaura kusingatarisire kuti kana hondo isina kuunzwa kunharaunda dzevavengi, yaizofanira kurwiwa pavhu reAmerica. Kana mumwe wevabatsiri veAmerica - zvisinei nehuori uye humhondi hwakadii- vakabvumidzwa kudonha, vamwe vese vanobatana neAmerica vaizowira mukuita senge domino.
Mutungamiri Johnson vakati muma1960s nezve chikonzero chakaita kuti America irwire muVietnam kure kure nekumba, chimwe chinhu chine chekuita kuti kana chingangokunda zvakanaka, ivo, zvichireva kuti ruzhinji rwevarombo pasi rose, vaizouya votora tine.
Munyori weDziviriro, VaDonald Ramsfeld, muna Nyamavhuvhu wegore rino vakashandisa chirevo chakafanana paakaudza Seneti Armed Services Committee kuti “Tikasiya Iraq nguva isati yakwana, muvengi angatiudza kuti tibve muAfghanistan tobva tabuda kuMiddle East. Uye kana tikabva kuMiddle East, vaizotiraira isu neavo vose vasingagoverane pfungwa dzavo dzechiuto kuti tisiye yavanoti nyika dzeMuslim dzakatorwa kubva kuSpain kuenda kuPhilippine.†Uye pakupedzisira, akanyevera, America ichamanikidzwa “kumira pedyo nemusha.â€
Chetatu, chinhu chinogara chisipo kubva mukukakavadzana kweIraq-Vietnam, ichokwadi chiri nyore chekuti vanhu vanopokana neavo vanotsvaga kutonga, kutora, nekuvatonga. Zvaifanira kunge zviri pachena kune vatongi vemazuva ano kuti, sekuraira kwaPresident Wilson masimba ehumambo eHondo Yenyika I, vanhu vangangotongwa nemvumo yavo chete.
Nhaurirano yeIraq-Vietnam inoratidza kuti kumukira kweIraqi ihondo yevagari vemo isingakurwirwi nekupikisa mugari. Mhedziso iyi isiriyo inosimbiswawo nevezvenhau vemakambani.
Asi, chokwadi chinoratidza zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mukudzidza kwake kwekuzviuraya mabhomba kubva muna 1980 kusvika muna 2003, Robert Pape akagumisa kuti zvinenge zvese zvekuzviuraya panguva iyoyo, kusanganisira izvo zveIraq, zvakakurudzirwa zvikuru neurudzi uye zvakaitirwa vagari vemo kana avo vanovatsigira. (Jeffry Records muParameters, Chando 2005-06)
Uyezve, ongororo yemauto eUS yemabhomba e1,666 akaputika muna Chikunguru 2006, inoratidza kuti 70 muzana yakanangana nemauto anotungamirwa neAmerica, sekureva kwemutauriri wemauto muBaghdad. Makumi maviri muzana akanangana nemauto eIraq, uye 10 muzana yevakarova vanhu. (NYT, Nyamavhuvhu 17.06)
Saka zvese padanho rekugadzira mitemo pamwe nepadanho rekuongorora bumbiro, kuzviruramisa uye kuzvinyengedza zviri kukanganisa kuongorora kwechokwadi kwezvikonzero zvekutadza kwegutsaruzhinji kukunda mafambisirwo ezvipokana akanyatsotemerwa uye anotsigirwa nemukurumbira. Izvi zvinobva zvadzivirira kukoshesa kwechokwadi kwekusava nematuro kwekuedza nechisimba kutonga, kutonga nekubata vanhu.
Chekupedzisira, kucherechedzwa kwekusasimba kwehurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji uye nekureruka uko vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanogona kunyengera vanhu vavo, kutsausa zviwanikwa zvezvido zvakatsanangurirwa, uye mvumo yeinjiniya yehondo dzisina kufanira uye dzisina kururama, zvinodikanwa nekukurumidza kana democracy ichizonunurwa kubva kune yayo. vanoshungurudza uye maitiro akabudirira epasi rose anodzivirirwa kune vanoityora. Iri ibasa remugari.
Adel Safty ndiye Purofesa Anoshanyirwa Anoremekedzwa paSiberian Academy yePublic Administration, Russia. Bhuku rake razvino, Leadership and Democracy rakaburitswa muNew York.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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