Semunguva yakapfuura, gore rino zvakare, gwaro rine hudzamu pamusoro pemafambiro ehupfumi hweIndia mukati megore razvino rakaiswa pamberi peParamende nevanhu pamberi pekupihwa kweBudget yeMubatanidzwa yegore rinouya kuitira kuti nhaurirano ine musoro itore. nzvimbo nezvinogoneka zvekukura pamwe nemamiriro ezvinhu, emunyika neekunze kwenyika, zvinotendwa.
As Zvehupfumi Ongororo 2009-10 inoratidza, hupfumi hweIndia munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvakanyanya, hwakakanganiswa nezviri kuitika muhupfumi hwakasimukira nekuda kwekubatana kwahwo kuri kukura nenyika dzepasi rose. Kuderera kwehupfumi kwakatanga muUS muna 2007 kwakanganisa zvakanyanya kuedza kwayo kukura. Kukura kwepagore kwakange kwasvika pazvikamu zvipfumbamwe nemazana manomwe kubva muzana muna 9.7-2006, uye zvakaita kuti vatongi varote zuva apo nyika yaizobatana nechikwata chemasimba makuru vokwikwidza pachinzvimbo chechipiri muAsia mushure mekumhanya pamberi peJapan. Sezvine rombo rakanaka, kukura kwakatanga kudzika kudzika kusvika pa9.2 muzana muna 2007-08 uye 6.7 muzana muna 2008-09 uye gore rino ingangoita 7.2 muzana. Inyaya yekugutsikana kukuru kuti isu hatina kutambura zvakanyanya sedzimwe nyika dzakawanda nekuti isu hatina kusiya zvachose muenzaniso weNehruvian uye takagamuchira neo-liberal, inozivikanwa zvakanyanya seWashington Consensus kunyangwe kuedza kwakanyanya nevanonzi nyanzvi, kuchenesa. huchenjeri hwakagamuchirwa kubva kuChicago School of Economics, nzvimbo huru yeneo-liberalism. Semuyenzaniso, Raghuram G. Rajan akakurudzira kukurumidza kuita kuti rupiya ishanduke paakaundi yemari, asi kushanduka kwezviitiko kwakakunda chirevo chake. Muchinda uyu, akabatana zvikuru neChikoro cheChicago, akapopotera chirongwa chekubvisa chikwereti chevarimi, achiti chichakurudzira njodzi yehunhu pamwero mukuru. Nemamwe mashoko, katsika kekukwereta wobva waita default waizokura. Imwe nyanzvi, Kaushik Basu, parizvino Chief Economic Adviser kuHurumende yeIndia, mune yakasainwa chinyorwa mu. Nguva yeHindustan yakapikisa zvikuru NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) iyo yakatangwa nehurumende kuti ipe basa kumhuri dzinotambura dzekumaruwa dzisingashande. Basu akatsigira kuti zvaizokurudzira usimbe!
Zvinoenda kukutenda kwaMai Sonia Gandhi kuti shedhi haina kukundwa nedzvinyiriro idzi. Zvirongwa zvose zviri zviviri zvakashandiswa uye zvakaunza miuyo yakanaka yezvamatongerwe enyika. Iye, muhurukuro pamusangano, wakarongwa neboka repepanhau, akasimbisa kuti modhi yeNehruvian yakakwanisa kuchengetedza India kubva mukukanganisa kukuru kwekuderera kwehupfumi.
Kubva pakatanga kudzikira kwakanyanya, mitengo yezvinhu zvevatengi yange ichikwira zvakanyanya uye zvinoreva kuti chikamu chakakura chemihoro yeruzhinji inobviswa uye izvi zvinoita kuti kugovaniswa kwemari yenyika kuwedzere kukanganiswa uye kune avo. uyo anodzora nzira dzekugadzira uye hurumende haidi kupindira nekuda kwekuzvipira kwayo kwemoyo wese kumusika mwari. Chiitiko chekushaya mabasa chave kuwedzera nekuda kwekuderera kwakanyanya munyika dzanga dziri vatengi vezvinhu zvedu nemasevhisi. Mazhinji eBPOs nenzvimbo dzekufona dzakavhara kana kuchinjika kumwe kunhu. Zvakare, kusiyana nenguva yeNehru-Indira apo pakanga paine angangoita 2 muzana avhareji yekukura kwepagore mumikana yebasa muchikamu chakarongeka apo mwero wekukura kwehupfumi hwaive 3.5 kusvika 4 muzana pagore, kubvira pakatangwa neo. -shanduko dzeupfumi hwakasununguka, mwero wekukura kwemikana yemabasa wadzikira kusvika pachikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana. Kusimbisa kwave kuri pakuwedzera kugadzirwa kwevashandi kana kuwana nhamba diki yevashandi vanogadzira yakawedzera kukosha kwekuwedzera. Zvinoreva kuti dhigirii rekushandisa rakwira.
Kunyange chikamu chekugadzira chichiita sechapora uye mwero wekukura wakadzikira kubva pa14.9 muzana muna 2006-07 kusvika 10.3 muzana muna 2007-08 uye 3.2 muzana muna 2008-09 wakakwira kusvika 8.9 muzana mugore razvino. hakuna mashoko anofadza akadaro kubva kuchikamu chezvekurima icho chinoda kusvika zvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvevanhu vanotsamira pakurarama kwavo. Chiyero chekukura kwekugadzirwa kwekurima kwakaderera kubva ku60 muzana muna 4.7-2007 kusvika ku08 muzana muna 1.6-2008 uye mukati megore rino zvingangove zvisina kunaka, kureva, -09 muzana. Kukundikana kana kusakwana kwemonsoon haisi chikonzero chega. Mumakore apfuura mari yeruzhinji mukurima yanga isinganyatsokwani. Kuwedzerwa kwezvivakwa zvekudiridza uye kugadziridzwa kwemigero iripo kwakaregeredzwa. Zvivakwa zvakaita semigwagwa nemagetsi hazvina kutariswa zvakakwana.
Somugumisiro, urombo huri kuwedzera. Izvi zvinopupurirwa nemishumo yeTendulkar uye makomiti eArjun Sengupta. Ongororo yakaitwa neUN inoti muna 2008-09 chete vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi matatu nemana vakawisirwa pasi pehurombo. Maererano nenhamba dzekuverenga kwevanhu kwapfuura, pakati pa34 na1991, varimi vane mamiriyoni masere vakamanikidzwa kusiya basa rekurima kuti vatsvake zvokurarama nazvo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Muna 2001, pasinei nekuedza kwese kwehurumende kuderedza zvikwereti, chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti vanhu vazviuraye, varimi 8 2008 vakagumisa hupenyu hwavo. Nokudaro, pakati pa16,196 na1997, 2008, varimi 199 vakatora upenyu hwavo.
The Economic Survey ine chitsauko chakareba (nhamba. 2), inonzi yakanyorwa naKaushik Basu, ichiedza kutsiva "kukura kunosanganisira" kune yakashorwa "kudonha-pasi", ane muvhoti mukuru munyika ino anga ari Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Pakunyatsoongorora, munhu anoona kuti pfungwa yacho, chaizvoizvo, inoramba yakafanana kunyange zvazvo yakapfekwa kuti iite seinoyevedza. Nemashoko akapfava, zvese zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa mukufora kwehumambo kweneo-liberalism, vashoma vanokwira mota dzeumbozha vamwe vachitevera mumotokari dzakaoma kana netsoka. Bato redu renyika kubva kuKarachi Congress zvichienda mberi raive nemaonero akasiyana. Yakasimbisa kukosha kwekudzikisa kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi uye kubvisa kusaenzana kwematunhu. Uye nokuda kweizvi basa rinoshanda rehurumende mukugovewa kwezviwanikwa maererano nezvakafanotemerwa zvaifungwa kuti hazvikoshi. Mushandirapamwe unoshanda wakasunungurwa uchipokana nawo neWest uye Fund-Bank. โNyanzviโ zhinji dzakanyora pfungwa dzavo uye Forum of Free Enterprise neSwatantra Party vakashanda nesimba kune iyi nzira yekufunga, asi zvakakona. Vanhu vane simba kubva kuL. K. Jha kuenda kuGurcharan Das vakapinda mudanidziro iyi nemabhuku avo, vachitsigirwa nevezvenhau vanodzorwa nekambani.
Kutadza kuita torpedo mutsetse weNehruvian kwakaenderera mberi kusvika pakutanga kwekudzikira kweCongress uye kwakauya mukana mukuru pakatanga hurumende yeJanata Dal yeV. P. Singh. Kusafambiswa zvakanaka kwehupfumi kwakawedzera apo "mukuru wesocialist" Chandrashekhar akatanga kutonga uye lieutenant Yashwant Sinha akatora goridhe reIndia kuti aitengese kuBhange reEngland. Mamiriro ekuchinjana kune dzimwe nyika anga achishuvira zvekuti India yaifanira kupfugama pamberi peFund-Bank uye kugamuchira Washington Consensus. Kupidigura kwakanyarara, kusiri kwechisimba kwakaitika panguva yehutongi hweNarasimha Rao apo iyo yechinyakare Congress kana Nehruvian kufunga kwakaiswa mudustbin uye musika wakauya kuzotora basa rine masimba ese muhupfumi. Izvi zvava kubvumwa nemumwe munhu kunze kwegurukota rezvemari riripo mukutaura kwavakaita bhajeti rapfuura. "Nebudiriro nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi, chinangwa chezvehupfumi chave kune vasiri vehurumende, zvichiunza pfungwa huru yebasa rehurumende semugonesi (kana 'mufambisi', sekureva kweneo-liberals - GM).
โHurumende inogonesa haiedzi kuendesa zvakananga kuvagari zvese zvavanoda. Panzvimbo iyoyo inogadzira ethos inogonesa kuitira kuti bhizinesi rega rega uye hunyanzvi hubudirire. Hurumende inotarisisa kutsigira nekupa mabasa kune vanotambura munharaunda.
"Ndiyo pfungwa yakafara yeBudget inozivisa kutaura kwangu nhasi."
Gurukota rezvemari, pakutanga, "Budget yeMubatanidzwa haigone kungova chirevo cheakaundi eHurumende. Inofanirwa kuratidza chiono cheHurumende uye kuratidza marongero anouya mune ramangwana. "
Izvo hazvina basa kuwedzera kuti neo-liberalism yakatsiva chiono chesangano renyika, sezvakataurwa naGandhi, Nehru naIndira Gandhi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi kunosungirwa kuwedzera uye kusaenzana kwematunhu kune chokwadi chekutowedzera. Mikana yebasa muchikamu chakarongeka ichadzikira uye saizi yenzvimbo isina kurongeka inosungirwa kuwedzera, zvichitungamira mukukura kwenzvimbo dzakatarwa pamwe nehurwere hwakabatana. Matanho ekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu achaderedzwa. Vanhu vakawanda vachabva kumaruwa voenda kumatunhu emumaguta neakanyanya kusimukira, vachigadzira kusawirirana kwakasiyana-siyana sezvakaonekwa nguva pfupi yadarika muMaharashtra neAssam. Communalism, casteism, regionism, linguistic chauvinism, mhosva, huori nehugandanga huchawedzera. Masimba emusika asina kudzorwa achagadzira nyonganyonga yakawanda uye mhirizhonga. Haizove nzanga, asi musika uchatonga, to the, Karl Polanyi's Kuchinja Kukuru.
Mauto anga achikurudzira shanduko huru muchikamu chehupfumi anoda kupinda zvisina muganhu uye kushanda kwekudyara kwekunze kwekunze nekudyara kwemasangano ekunze muIndia. Vanoda kuuya kuno nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi uye mwero wakaderera wemhindu munyika dzekumusha kwavo. Zvisineyi nemhedzisiro, hurumende yakatsunga kuvhura chikamu chezvitoro. Nechekare FDI yanga ichiyerera ichipinda kumashure kwebhizinesi hombe reIndia uye yave kukanganisa vachengeti vadiki nevatengesi. Inishuwarenzi ichave nekuwedzera FDI uye kune kudzvanywa kwakasimba kwekuvhura kugadzirwa kwedziviriro kuFDI. The Economic Survey inoitora sechiratidzo chekuwedzera kuvimba kwemari yekunze mukugadzikana uye kusimba kwehupfumi hwedu uye, nekureva, kunaka kwemitemo yedu. Bhizinesi guru reIndia ndiro rose. Kutora mazwi Anand Mahindra: "Isu tanga tichiudza hurumende kuti, kutaura chokwadi, kubvumidza mumwe wekunze 49% chinhu chatinofanira kukurudzira, nekuti ndipo apo mumwe wake anonzwa akasununguka kugovera tekinoroji uye nekukubatanidza iwe mune yavo yepasirese yekugovera." (The Wall Street Journal, Kukadzi 15).
James Lamont, mune imwe chidimbu chakareba, akafunga kuti nguva iripo yemutungamiri wehurumende yaDkt Manmohan Singh ndiyo yekupedzisira nokuti atova nemakore makumi manomwe nemanomwe uye zvinoratidzika kuti Rahul Gandhi achamutsiva. Sezvo Gandhi ari "mutsigiri wedzinza reNehru-Gandhi" uye anga achiedza kubata chokwadi cheuswa, hapana vimbiso yekuti achaendesa mberi basa raDr. Singh. Yasvika nguva yekuti Dr. Singh, achibatsirwa naMontek Singh Ahluwalia, azviite uye anoita kuti shanduko neshanduko dzisadzoke. Vanochema-chema vachiti: โBazi rezvemari riri kuenderera mberi nekutengeswa kwezvikamu zvidiki zvemakambani ehurumende akaita seNTPC, kambani yemagetsi. Asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo kune zvishoma zvishoma. Kusunungurwa kwemaindasitiri emudyandigere nemainishuwarenzi kwakamira. Kutengeswa kwemasevhisi echizvarwa chechitatu kwemasevhisi enharembozha kwakanonoka kudzokororwa. Kudzorera hurongwa hwemitero kwapinda mumatambudziko. Nepo zvinangwa zvekugadzira migwagwa zvichionekwa sezvinonyanya kudiwa kunze kwekunge kurudziro yakakura yapihwa. " Lamont anokarakadza kuti, nepo gurukota rezvemari richingwarira uye richida kuti โkubvumirana kwakasimba kunofanira kuvakwa mukati mebato riri kutonga,โ Dr. Manmohan Singh โvanosimbirira kuti India iri 'nzvimbo iri nani kupfuura nguva ipi neipi munguva pfupi yapfuura kusundidzira hurongwa hwekuvandudza. mberi." (The Financial Times, Kukadzi.4).
Kwasara zuva rimwe Budget yeUnion isati yaunzwa, Paul Beckett, mukuru weSouth Asia Bureau The Wall Street Journal, yakavakirwa muNew Delhi, yakabuda netsamba yakavhurika inodenha kuna Pranab Mukherjee. Akapokana naMukherjee kuti aratidze kuti aive akaenzana nebasa rekuita shanduko kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka apo mudzvanyiriri Kuruboshwe asipo uye BJP yakazviparadza. (The Wall Street Journal, Kukadzi 25). Ichi chidimbu chinoda kuverengerwa uye kufungisisa nezve kuti maAmerican ari kuyedza sei kuumba maIndia ehupfumi mitemo munzira, inodiwa navo.
Kune mufaro wakakura mune dzinonzi reformist madenderedzwa kuti mabhizinesi makuru eIndia uye Dalal Street vakagamuchira bhajeti uye mari yekunze yatanga kupinda pano. Nechekare mukati mezvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvegore razvino rezvemari madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu eFDI yasvika.
Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinoita kuti tisava nechokwadi. Chekutanga chiri muchitsauko 11 che Economic Survey, izvo zvinoratidzira dambudziko re aam adami uye chechipiri ndechevanhu vakuru vepasirese uye vavhoti veIndia vakura vasingagoni kurasika nyore. Makore matanhatu apfuura, manyepo enhema e "kupenya India" pamwe neopium yecommunalism yakatadza kuita kuti BJP inotungamirwa NDA idzokere pachigaro, uye izvi zvinofanirwa kumutsa Congress iyo ine nhanho dzakawanda kupfuura vashandi vebasa, parizvino vari kubata akasiyana echelons. simba. Munhu haafaniri kukanganwa kuti iyi ndiyo 125th gore rekuumbwa kweCongress, sangano rakasarudzika iro ragara richipfuura bato rezvematongerwo enyika mupfungwa yechinyakare yetemu. Mushakabvu mutungamiriri wechiKomonisiti P. C. Joshi aigara achitaura, kwete pasina hwaro, kuti Congress yaisagona kushuviwa nyore nyore kana kuti kuparadzwa.
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