Nekubvuma kweMutungamiriri weColombia Alvaro Uribe kuita zvakaipa neChishanu chapfuura, uye vimbiso yake yekusazopinda mune imwe nyika muSouth America zvakare nechikonzero chehondo yehupanduki hweColombia, zvinoita sekunge iyo inonzi "Andean Crisis" iri kuuya zvishoma nezvishoma. kune chisarudzo. Mutungamiri weVenezuelan, Hugo Chavez, avhurazve bhodhi rake kuti atengesene neColombia, uye kutyisidzira kuri kuwedzera kweimwe yehondo yekutanga-mumakumi emakore kuri kugara.
Zvakadaro, veSouth America vanosara vaine pfungwa yehunyengeri, uye manzwiro ekuti pamwe chitsauko ichi munhoroondo hachisati chanyorwa zvachose.
Semazuva ese, vezvenhau vepasi rose vaive nezuva remumunda vachishuma kuti Chavez, kwete Uribe, aive ari kusundira dunhu kumucheto kwehondo.
Uribe wekuColombia anogona kuburuka asina kana svutugadzike apo adaidzira kuti mutungamiri weVenezuelan Chavez vaunzwe kudare reInternational Criminal Court nenyaya yekunyomba "yekupa mari yekupondwa kwevanhu." Izvi, apo Uribe pachake akapomerwa mhosva yekuedza kukanganisa kuferefetwa kwevakawanda vevatsigiri vake vepamusoro avo ivo pachavo apo munguva pfupi yapfuura vachiongororwa nezvehukama kuColombia paramilitary, iyo yakauraya makumi ezviuru zveColombia.
Zvichakadaro, US unilaterally yakatsigira Colombia mukupinda kwayo ivhu reEcuador, uye chikonzero chayo che "kudzivirira zviri pamutemo" izvo zvakada kufanana nechikonzero cheUS chekurwisa kwayo Afghanistan neIraq.
Kufanana kwacho hakusi kungoitika. Uyewo haisi mishumo yekuti US Admiral Joseph Nimmich akasangana nevatungamiriri vemauto eColombia muBogotรก mazuva maviri pamberi paKurume 1.st kurwisa, nechinangwa chakataurwa chekuti โkupanana ruzivo rwakakosha mukurwisa hugandangaโ (1). Hukama huripo pakati peUS neColombia hwakadzika zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica- hukama hwakanga husipo pachena munyaya dze "Andean Crisis," iyo yakabata nyika svondo rapfuura.
Kutsigira kweUS kuColombia
Sekureva kwemishumo, pane mukana wakanaka wekuti injere dzeUS dzakanongedza nzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yehugandanga mukati menharaunda yeEcuador, iyo yakabhombwa munaKurume 1.st kuuraya gumi nemaviri eColombia guerrilla, kusanganisira #2 ari mutungamiri wehugandanga, Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) Raul Reyes. Tichifunga kuti Reyes ndiye aitungamira kusangana nedzimwe nyika munhaurirano dzekubatsira kusunungurwa kwevatapi veFARC, zvinofungidzirwa kuti njere dzeUS dzakakwanisa kuona nzvimbo yehwaro apo Reyes akashandisa nharembozha yake kuronga kuendeswa kwevasungwa vana veFARC. Vakuru veVenezuela mazuva asati asvika Nimmich kuenda kuBogotรก.
Izvi hazvingave zvisiri zvemazuva ese. Colombia ndiyo mubatsiri mukuru weWashington mudunhu, ichiwana rubatsiro rwakawanda rwemauto eUS pane imwe nyika iri kunze kwepakati kumabvazuva. Sezvakasimbiswa muchinyorwa cheDallas Morning News, โRubatsiro rweUS Yakabvunzwa muHondo yeColombiaโ kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu, 1999, mauto eUS anoshandiswa kupa rutsigiro rwezvekufambiswa kwemabasa, manejimendi uye nezvinhu zvekurwisa mauto eColombia achirwisa mabhunu ayo. Izvi zvinoratidzika kunge zvakadaro, kunyangwe zvichigona kuguma nenhamba yakati wandei yevasiri varwi. Kunyange chinyorwa ichi chine makore mapfumbamwe, chinoratidza kubatana kwenguva refu kwakawedzera kubva pakapfuura Plan Colombia mu2000, iyo yakawedzera rutsigiro rwemauto eUS kurudzi rweSouth America. (2)
Kubva 2000, US Congress yakagovera $5.5 bhiriyoni kuColombia zvakanyanya nenzira yerubatsiro rwemauto muzita risingakanganwike re "kurwisa zvinodhaka"- kureva kuyedza kurwisa zvakananga kwaibva cocaine inopinda muUS nekuputira nekuparadza zvirimwa zvecoca uko. vakura. Zvinosuruvarisa, kana zviri izvo, hazvisi kushanda. Maererano nemushumo wakabudiswa mwedzi wapera kubva kuWashington Office paLatin America (WOLA) iyo yakataura nezvemigumisiro yepurogiramu se "yakashata", coca ikozvino yarimwa munharaunda dzinenge mbiri dzeColombia kupfuura 1999. Kana chimwe chinhu, mutengo wecocaine muUS wadzikira, uye mukuru wezvehungwaru weDEA, Tony Placido akasimbisa pakupera kwegore rapfuura kuti kuvhiringika kwekupihwa kwecocaine kuUS muna 2007 kwaisakonzeresa kuderera kwekugadzirwa kwecocaine muColombia. (3)
Zvichakadaro kuputika kwezvirimwa kwakapararira kwakakonzera njodzi chaiyo yezvakatipoteredza uye yekubatsira vanhu, kwete muColombia chete, asi pamwe nemuganho weEcuadoran uko kurwiswa kwefumigation kwave kwakajairika. Saka, kana chirongwa ichi chiri pachena kuti hachishande, nei US ichiramba ichichipa mari?
Sekutaura kunoita WOLA mushumo:
"Plan Colombia yakachinjwa muna 2002, mushure mekurwiswa kweAl Qaeda pavhu reUnited States, apo Congress yakabvumira chikumbiro chakabva kuMutungamiri George W. Bush chekushandisa mari, vanhu uye unyanzvi hwekurwisa zvinodhaka kuColombia kurwisa masangano anonzi magandanga. โ
Izvi zvinotsanangura zvishoma kuti sei hurumende dzeColombia nedzeUS dzichitora hungwaru pakudaidza boka reFARC rine makore anopfuura makumi mana, "magandanga".
Rutsigiro rwemauto eUS harugumire ipapo. Muchinyorwa chesvondo rapfuura kubva kuForeign Policy muFocus, John Lindsay-Poland anonongedza kuti mauto zana nemakumi mana eUS anogara muColombia, ingangoita hafu yavo yakaitwa kondirakiti pachivande kuburikidza nemakambani akaita seDyncorp, iyo yakagamuchira mazana mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora pagore kubva kuhurumende yeUS. zvekushanda muColombia kubvira 1400. (150)
Havasi ivo voga. Sekureva kweUS State Department yakashuma kuCongress on Some Counternarcotic Activities muColombia, muna 2006 chete vateresi vekuUS vakabhadhara mari inopfuura mamirioni mazana matatu emadhora kune anotevera makondirakiti ekudzivirira mabasa akaitwa muColombia: Lockheed Martin, Dyncorp International, Olgoonik, Arinc. Inc., Oakley Networks, Northrop Grumman, Mantech, ITT, Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, Optec, Telford Avaition, King Aerospace, Caci Inc., CCE, Omnitempus, PAE Government Services, nevamwe. (300)
Zvichemo zveChavez yekubatanidza kuFARC
Zvemhosva dzakakomba kubuda munaKurume 1st kubhomba, Vakuru veColombia vakapa magwaro svondo rapfuura, vanonzi vakatorwa mumakomputa matatu aRaul Reyes, ayo vanoti anoratidza hukama pakati pehurumende yeEcuador neVenezuela neFARC. Mashoko aVaUribe ekuti Chavez amiswe pamberi peInternational Criminal Court (ICC) anobva pamagwaro aya, ayo anonzi naUribe anoratidza kuti Chavez ari kubatsira uye ari kubatsira magandanga eFARC.
Kana zviri zvechokwadi, zvakazarurwa zvaizodaro kuve kurova kwakaoma kumufananidzo wepasi rose waChavez, mazuva mashoma mushure mekunge Mutungamiriri weVenezuela akwanisa kuchengetedza kuburitswa kwechipiri mumwedzi miviri yevatorwa veColombia vakabatwa neFARC. Sezvingatarisirwa, vakuru vakuru veVenezuela vakaramba kupomera kwacho pakarepo.
Nepo huchokwadi hwemagwaro huchikwanisa kusimbiswa chete mushure mekuongorora kwechokwadi kwepasirese, kutovapo kwechokwadi chekubatana kwavanofungidzira kuri kuuya kuzopokana. Zvinotaridza kuti kuti hurumende yeColombia isvike pamhedzisiro yavo, vaifanira kuburitsa kubva mumagwaro ari mubvunzo. Sekutaura kwakaita mutori wenhau muongorori wenhau Greg Palast svondo rapfuura, kutaurwa kwenhamba, "300" mugwaro raZvita 23, 2007, zvakaita kuti vakuru veColombia vafunge kuti Chavez aizoenda, kana kuti akaendesa $300 miriyoni emadhora kuFARC. Izvi zvaireva here kumadhora mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora, kana- sekutaura kunoita Palast - "iyo FARC yakambochinjana vasungwa (iyo) yaisanganisira vasungwa mazana matatu.โ (300)
Sei Chavez? Mhinduro ingoriwo fungidziro. Sezvakataurwa nebepa reBrazil, Zero Hora, mushure mekuferefeta kwavo mumagwaro, vakuru vakuru veColombia vakafunga kuti kutaura kune munhu ane zita rekuti "Ngirozi" ishoko rekodhi reMutungamiri weVenezuela Hugo Chavez. Kubatana kwacho kunoratidzika kunge kuri kuzvikudza, kana mitsetse mishoma gare gare iyo email inoreva "Mutungamiri Chavez" zvakananga kana vachitaura nezve nhanho dzinotevera mukutsinhana kwevanhu.
Zvinoita sekuti humbowo hweColombia hunoratidza kuti FARC yaiedza kuvaka "bhomba rakasviba" yakavakirwa zvachose pane imwe fungidziro yakafanana. Zero Hora akataura kuti vakuru veColombia havana humbowo, uye vakaita fungidziro kubva kune email iyo inoti, "zvinhu zvekuputika zvatakagadzira." Colombia inoti uku kunongedzera kuUranium.
Kunyangwe kana magwaro ari pamutemo, kupomera kwakakomba kwakaitwa nehurumende yeColombia kwakavakirwa zvakanyanya pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwekufungidzira kwakasununguka. Iyi zvakare, yaisazova kekutanga. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kurwisana ne "hugandanga", ingave inotungamirirwa neWashington kana Bogotรก, inongova hafu yenyaya. Panofanirwa kuve nechikonzero, zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze kana kwete izvo zvakagadzirwa- zvikonzero muzita rekuzvidzivirira izvo zvinotambudza nhoroondo yekupindira kweUS muLatin America, uye roll iyo Colombia yakatamba paruoko rweUS kwemakumi emakore. .
Kupindira kweUS
Kwaive kudzoreredzwa kwenhau neUS kwakatora Mutungamiri Hugo Chavez kubva pachigaro kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere musi wa48 Kubvumbi 11. VeVena uye mamwe maTV eTV akazvimirira ega akagadzira mifananidzo yavo nemishumo kuti iite sekunge vatsigiri vaChavez vaipfura mhomho yevapikisi, uye Chavez hapana chaaiita kuvamisa. Mifananidzo yekunyomba yakashandiswa senzira yekubvisa Chavez pachigaro, kubvisa masangano ake uye kuvhima vatsigiri vake.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akadzokororwa kakawanda muAmerica.
Muna 1954, iyo US- ichishanda kuburikidza neCIA - yakasimudzira uye yakaronga kupidigura kwemutungamiri weGuatemala akasarudzwa zvine gutsaruzhinji, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. IUS yakatanga chirongwa chakakura chenhau kuitira kuti vagadzire fungidziro yekuti anga ari communist, kuitira kuti vanzwe veruzhinji vachipokana nemutungamiri weGuatemala. Kudzingwa kweArbenz kwakatsigirwa nemauto eUS kwakatanga hondo yemakore makumi mana umo vanhu vanopfuura zviuru mazana maviri vekuGuatemala vaizoparara. Nepo Arbenz aive asiri muKomonisiti, aityisidzira zvishuwo zvinenge zveumambo zveUS United Fruit Company muGuatemala. (40)
Muenzaniso wakafanana wakanga waedzwa makore matanhatu pakuvamba muna 1948, nokupondwa kwaPurezidhendi weColombia Jorge Eliecer Gaitan. Kuurayiwa kweMutungamiriri weColombia kwaizoparura kutanga kwehondo inosvika makore gumi nematanhatu iyo ichiri kukanganisa Colombia. Kunyangwe Washington yakaramba kuburitsa kana kuratidza kuvepo kwemagwaro asina kunyorwa maererano naGaitan, sekureva kwegweta riri kuWashington Paul Wolf nevamwe vaongorori vazhinji, hapana kupokana kuti CIA ichangoburwa yakatamba chikamu chakakosha muchiitiko ichi. (8)
Kugadzirwa kwechokwadi chenhema, muzita rekuchengetedzwa kwedu kwave kuchishandiswa nguva nenguva kushandura maonero evanhu, uye kuzadzisa migumisiro mubvunzo. IUS yakabhomba Iraq muzita re "chengetedzo yenyika", kuitira kuimisa kubva pakutora tekinoroji yenyukireya. Ihwo hungwaru humwe, hwakamhanyisa nyika kuhondo hwakakurumidza kuwanikwa zvakare hwakagadzirwa uye hwakadyarwa kuvanhu veAmerica kuburikidza neNew York Times, sehumbowo hwekuda kuita nekukurumidza uye zvine hungwaru.
Zvekare, svondo rapfuura masahwira airira. Panguva ino muColombia, uko hurumende yeColombia yakapinda nechisimba muEcuadoran airspace kune yayo pachayo "Nation Security."
Asi munhau dzeruzhinji ndiChavez, kwete Uribe, aityisidzira hondo. Nenguva isipi, Colombia yakataura kuti yakawana "uchapupu" hwekuti Chavez akanga ari kupa mari "magandanga" e "gandanga", saka akatungamirira Mutungamiri weColombia Alvaro Uribe kudana mutungamiri weVenezuela kuti aendeswe kuInternational Criminal Court for Crimes Against Humanity uye Genocide.
Hunyengeri hunoshamisa.
Paramilitaries uye ICC
Chinosiiwa munyaya ndechekuti murume chaiye arikudaidzira kuti Chavez avharirwe nekuda kwekuuraya rudzi, ane hukama hwepedyo nemauto eColombia, ayo akanganisa ruzhinji rweColombia. Vakuru vepamusoro vakawanda muhurumende yeUribe vachangobva kutongwa nekuda kwekubatana kwavo nemapurisa, kusanganisira muzukuru waUribe, aimbove senator Mario Uribe. Gore rakapera, vamiririri veInternational Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) vakataura โhashaโ dzavo paPurezidhendi weColombia nokuda kwoโkutya kuti hurumende (yakanga) iri kuedza kuvhiringidza muitiro โwokuchenesaโ masangano eColombia. (9)
Maererano nomushumo weFIDH gore rapera, kubvira pavakatanga kuoneka, boka remauto reColombia rakapara dzinenge, โmhosva 60,000 XNUMX mukurwisana nevanhu uye kutyorwa kwakakomba kwekodzero dzevanhu.โ
"Chiverengero ichi hachisanganisire vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe vakadzingwa nekuda kwehurongwa hwehugandanga, kutyisidzira, uye kuita zvemauto," mushumo unoenderera mberi. โKubva muna Ndira kusvika June 2007 chete, vanhuwo zvavo vanopfuura 770 vakapondwa muColombia kana kuti vakawirwa nenjodzi yekutsakatika. Makuva anopfuura makumi masere akawanikwa; mukupera kwa80 Hofisi yemuchuchisi yakafungidzira kuti pachine vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu vasara kuti vawanikwe. Zvisinei, kunodavirwa kuti nhamba iyi inoperevedza zvikuru pakuratidza kutsakatika kwokumanikidzirwa kunopfuura 2006 3,000 kwakashumwa.โ
Kunyange zvazvo mapurisa eColombia akadzingwa zviri pamutemo makore mashoma apfuura, maColombian vanoziva kuti mhirizhonga inoenderera mberi, uye hukama hwepedyo pakati pehurumende ne "Paras" (sekudanwa kwavanodanwa), zvinoreva kuti ivo vari kure kure. Muchokwadi, svondo rapfuura paramilitaries muSouth-Eastern Colombia akatyisidzira kurwisa chero munhu kana sangano riri kutora chikamu munaKurume 6.th kuratidzira kwepasi rose vachipokana nekuenderera mberi kwemhirizhonga yemapurisa nehurumende yeUribe. (10)
Zvichakadaro, maererano neFIDH, vanopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana ve90 vakabviswa mauto "vakabatsirwa kubva mukuregererwa kwechokwadi kwakaziviswa nechisungo." Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushumo weFIDH wakadaidza ICC kuti iferefete uye kuyedza avo vane mhosva dzakaparwa muColombia kubvira 30,000.
Zvakadaro, sekutaura kwakaita veVenezuelanlaysis svondo rapfuura, boka rakasiyana siyana remapato ezvematongerwo enyika eColombia rakatora nguva kutaura kuti kunyangwe vakada, zvingave zvisiri pamutemo kuti chero munhu aunzwe pamberi peICC nemhosva dzakaparwa muColombia. Kunyange zvazvo Colombia yakabvumira ICC muna 2002 (chimwe chinhu icho US ichiri kuramba kuita), "Uribe yakatarisa nguva yekumirira yemakore manomwe panguva iyo mitemo yepasi rose inopikisa mhosva dzehondo yaisazoshanda kuColombia." (1)
Nechikonzero chakadaro, FIDH yakadana hutungamiri hweUribe "kubvisa chiziviso chayo pasi peChisungo 124 cheRome Statute kuti haibvumi masimba eICC pamusoro pemhosva dzehondo dzakaparwa nemapoka ese ane zvombo muColombia."
Zvechokwadi United States inotsigira mutemo weColombia munharaunda. Dzimwe nguva isu tinoregeredza nyore chokwadi chekuti maColombian paramilitaries ipfungwa yeUS.
Paul Wolf anonongedza kuti zano repamilitary rakagadzirwa neUS mumakumi emakore anotevera Hondo Yenyika II. (11) Stan Goff, aimbove mukuru weSpecial Forces yeuto reUS, uyo akadzidzisa mauto eColombia pamuzinda weColombia Tolemaida muma1990s, akataurwa mukufumura kwaMG Magil muna 2004, Occult Chronicle of the Conflict,
"Ndinokuvimbisa kuti network yeparamilitary, pasi pekuraira kwaCarlos Castano, yakarongwa uye yakadzidziswa neWashington State department neCIA mushure me1991."
Mapepa achangobva kuburitswa akaburitswa anopa rumwe ruzivo rwakanyorwa runobatanidza US kune angangoita mamwe emapurisa eColombia. (12)
Nyaya dzacho dzakaoma, uye dzimwe nguva hapana anoburuka asina zvikwambo zvishoma. Muchiitiko ichi, zvisinei, tinofanira kutarisa zvakadzika kune zvido zvisinganzwisisiki pabasa. Venezuela neEcuador dziri mukugadzirisa shanduko iyo iri kutyisidzira kwete chete zvido zvekirasi yepamusoro, asiwo US uye mabhizimisi emarudzi akawanda munharaunda. Colombia, zvakadaro, ndiyo shasha yezviroto zveWashington zviri kufa neoliberal.
Kuita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuomesa chibvumirano cheUS-Colombian chekutengeserana mahara chakamira muCongress yeUS, chikamu chechikonzero nei Mutungamiri George W. Bush akatora nguva svondo rapfuura kuti ataure zvakananga nezve "Andean Crisis" uye kukumbira kuti vamiriri veCongress varatidze. rutsigiro rwavo kuColombia nekupfuudza chibvumirano nekukurumidza.
Zvakare tinoyeuchidzwa nezvekutamba mutambo wacho. Kana iwe ukagona kuita kuti Ecuador neVenezuela dzitaridzike dzakaipa- dzakaipa chaizvo, pamwe unogona kutsaura pesvedzero yadzo mudunhu. Nzira yakanakisa yekuita kuti munhu aite seakashata mazuvano ndeyekutsvaga hukama pakati pavo nemagandanga. Hazvina mhosva kuti hurumende dzeColombia neUS dzinotsigira magandanga avo epamiritary. Haasi iwo magandanga avari kutsvaga. Ndivo magandanga eMiami: Luis Posada Carriles, Orlando Bosch, Alpha 66, etc. Ndivo vari kurwisa kurwa kwakanaka kwehutongi hweCuba. Ndivo magandanga ekurudyi. Magandanga, uyo George W. Bush akatenda nerutsigiro rwavo mutsamba yaJune 2, 2005. (13) Magandanga, saPosada Carriles, aimbova mumiririri weCIA ari kudiwa muVenezuela neCuba nokuda kwekuponda kwemakumi, uye anofamba migwagwa yeMiami zvakasununguka.
Nyika izere nehunyengeri Uye Washington kazhinji iri pedyo zvakanyanya kupfuura zvaunofunga.
7.http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB4/
8.http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/gaitan/gaitanwolfvciaandfbi.htm
9. http://www.fidh.org/_news.php3, http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/Colombiejustice481-32007.pdf, & http://www.fidh.org/spip.php?article5177
10. http://www.greenleft.org.au/2008/743/38450
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